@phdthesis{Hollberg,
  author    = {Hollberg, Alexander},
  title     = {A parametric method for building design optimization based on Life Cycle Assessment},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3800},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180928-38000},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {262},
  abstract  = {The building sector is responsible for a large share of human environmental impacts. Architects and planners are the key players for reducing the environmental impacts of buildings, as they define them to a large extent. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) allows for the holistic environmental analysis of a building. However, it is currently not employed to improve the environmental performance of buildings during the design process, although the potential for optimization is greatest there. One main reason is the lack of an adequate means of applying LCA in the architectural design process. As such, the main objective of this thesis is to develop a method for environmental building design optimization that is applicable in the design process. The key concept proposed in this thesis is to combine LCA with parametric design, because it proved to have a high potential for design optimization. The research approach includes the analysis of the characteristics of LCA for buildings and the architectural design stages to identify the research gap, the establishment of a requirement catalogue, the development of a method based on a digital, parametric model, and an evaluation of the method. An analysis of currently available approaches for LCA of buildings indicates that they are either holistic but very complex or simple but not holistic. Furthermore, none of them provide the opportunity for optimization in the architectural design process, which is the main research gap. The requirements derived from the analysis have been summarized in the form of a catalogue. This catalogue can be used to evaluate both existing approaches and potential methods developed in the future. In this thesis, it served as guideline for the development of the parametric method - Parametric Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA). The unique main feature of PLCA is that embodied and operational environmental impact are calculated together. In combination with the self-contained workflow of the method, this provides the basis for holistic, time-efficient environmental design optimization. The application of PLCA to three examples indicated that all established mandatory requirements are met. In all cases, environmental impact could be significantly reduced. In comparison to conventional approaches, PLCA was shown to be much more time-efficient. PLCA allows architects to focus on their main task of designing the building, and finally makes LCA practically useful as one of several criteria for design optimization. With PLCA, the building design can be time-efficiently optimized from the beginning of the most influential early design stages, which has not been possible until now. PLCA provides a good starting point for further research. In the future, it could be extended by integrating the social and economic aspects of sustainability.},
  subject      = {Bauentwurf},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{BonhagDeRosaBoettgervonGynzRekowski,
  author    = {Bonhag-De Rosa, Katharina and Boettger, Till and von Gynz-Rekowski, Christoph},
  title     = {Das Stapelhaus - Experimentelles Bauprojekt auf dem Campus der Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  doi       = {10.25643/BAUHAUS-UNIVERSITAET.3837},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20181221-38371},
  pages     = {49},
  abstract  = {Das Stapelhaus f{\"o}rdert das experimentelle Bauen und Forschen an der Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar. Ziel ist es, schrittweise Raummodule als Arbeitsr{\"a}ume von Studierenden f{\"u}r Studierende zu bauen. Im Zusammenhang bildet sich ein kompaktes und gestapeltes Raumgef{\"u}ge, das fakult{\"a}ts{\"u}bergreifend Raum f{\"u}r Experimente, Erlebnisse und Evaluierung l{\"a}sst.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Schuetz,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}tz, Stephan},
  title     = {Folded Cardboard Sandwiches for Load-bearing Architectural Components},
  series = {WSBE17 Hong Kong - Conference Proceedings},
  booktitle = {WSBE17 Hong Kong - Conference Proceedings},
  publisher = {Construction Industry Council, Hong Kong Green Building Council Limited},
  address   = {Hong Kong},
  isbn      = {978-988-77943-0-1},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3805},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20181029-38052},
  pages     = {8},
  abstract  = {The high resource demand of the building sector clearly indicates the need to search for alternative, renewable and energy-efficient materials. This work presents paper-laminated sandwich elements with a core of corrugated paperboard that can serve as architectural components with a load-bearing capacity after a linear folding process. Conventional methods either use paper tubes or glued layers of honeycomb panels. In contrast, the folded components are extremely lightweight, provide the material strength exactly where it is statically required and offer many possibilities for design variants. After removing stripes of the paper lamination, the sandwich can be folded in a linear way at this position. Without the resistance of the missing paper, the sandwich core can be easily compressed. The final angle of the folding correlates with the width of the removed paper stripe. As such, this angle can be described by a simple geometric equation. The geometrical basis for the production of folded sandwich elements was established and many profile types were generated such as triangular, square or rectangular shapes. The method allows the easy planning and fast production of components that can be used in the construction sector. A triangle profile was used to create a load-bearing frame as supporting structure for an experimental building. This first permanent building completely made of corrugated cardboard was evaluated in a two-year test to confirm the efficiency of the developed components. In addition to the frame shown in this paper, large-scale sandwich elements with a core of folded components can be used to fabricate lightweight ceilings and large-scale sandwich components. The method enables the efficient production of linearly folded cardboard elements which can replace normal wooden components like beams, pillars or frames and bring a fully recycled material in the context of architectural construction.},
  subject      = {Tragendes Teil},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{BonhagDeRosaBoettgerGynzRekowski,
  author    = {Bonhag-De Rosa, Katharina and Boettger, Till and Gynz-Rekowski, Christoph von},
  title     = {The "Stapelhaus": Experimental building project on the campus of the Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4113},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200325-41139},
  pages     = {49},
  abstract  = {The project is a cooperation between the bauhaus.ifex and MFPA Weimar and is intended to develop step by step as an experimental student village. Special focus is given to sustainability and construction using different building materials. For the construction of the first room module, CemCel was chosen as a new, lightweight and fibre-based building material.},
  subject      = {Architecture},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schuetz,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}tz, Stephan},
  title     = {Von der Faser zum Haus : Das Potential von gefalteten Wabenplatten aus Papierwerkstoffen in ihrer architektonischen Anwendung},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3804},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20181010-38044},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {223},
  abstract  = {Der vorliegende Text beschreibt die intensive Erforschung von Wabenplatten aus Papierwerkstoffen, die durch Faltprozesse neue r{\"a}umliche Zust{\"a}nde einnehmen k{\"o}nnen und somit ihr urspr{\"u}ngliches Anwendungsspektrum erweitern. Die gezeigten L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze bewegen sich dabei im Spannungsfeld von Architektur und Ingenieurbau, denn die gefalteten Bauteile sind nicht nur {\"a}ußerst tragf{\"a}hig sondern besitzen auch eine {\"a}sthetische Form. Die entwickelten Verfahren und Konstruktionen werden auf einem hohen architektonischen Niveau pr{\"a}sentiert und mit einfachen ingenieurtechnischen Methoden verifiziert. Zur L{\"o}sungsfindung werden geometrische Verfahren ebenso angewendet wie konstruktive Faustformeln und Recherchen aus Architektur und Forschung. Der Fokus der Arbeit liegt auf der Untersuchung von Faltungen in Wabenplatten. W{\"a}hrend der Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik erschienen jedoch viele weitere Aspekte als sehr interessant und bearbeitungsw{\"u}rdig. Als theoretische Grundlage dieser Arbeit werden deshalb die geschichtliche Entwicklung und die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung von Papier und Papierwerkstoffen analysiert und deren Produktionsprozesse beleuchtet. Diese Vorgehensweise erm{\"o}glicht eine Einordnung des Potentials und der Bedeutung des Werkstoffs Papier. Der Kontext der Arbeit wird dadurch gest{\"a}rkt und f{\"u}hrt zu interessanten zuk{\"u}nftigen Forschungsans{\"a}tzen. Intensive Untersuchungen widmen sich der geometrischen Bestimmung von Faltungen in Wabenplatten aus Papierwerkstoffen sowie deren Manifestation als konstruktive Bauteile. Auch die statischen Eigenschaften der Elemente und ihr Konstruktionspotential werden erforscht und aufbereitet. Wichtige Impulse aus Forschung und Technik fließen in die Recherche der Arbeit ein und erlauben die Verortung der Ergebnisse im architektonischen Kontext. Versuchsreihen und Materialstudien an Prototypen belegen die Ergebnisse virtueller und rechnerischer Studien. Konzepte zur parametrischen Berechnung und Visualisierung der Forschungsergebnisse werden pr{\"a}sentiert und zeigen zukunftsf{\"a}hige Planungshilfen f{\"u}r die Industrie auf. Etliche Testreihen zu unterschiedlichsten Abdichtungskonzepten f{\"u}hren zur Realisierung eines sehenswerten Experimentalbaus. Er erlaubt die dauerhafte Untersuchung der entwickelten Bauteile unter realistischen Bedingungen und best{\"a}tigt deren Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit. Dadurch wird nicht nur ein dauerhaftes Monitoring und eine Evaluierung der Leistungsdaten m{\"o}glich sondern es wird auch der sichtbare Beweis erbracht, dass mit Papierwerkstoffen effiziente und hochwertige Architekturen zu realisieren sind, welche das enorme gestalterische Potential von gefalteten Wabenplatten ausnutzen.},
  subject      = {Tragendes Teil},
  language  = {de}
}