@inproceedings{SchwendnerVoellmeckeHoetal.,
  author    = {Schwendner, Sascha and V{\"o}llmecke, Lars and Ho, Ai Phien and Fischer, Jens and Seim, Werner},
  title     = {TESTING OF CONNECTIONS TAKEN FROM OLD NAILED ROOF TRUSSES},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.6362},
  pages     = {8},
  abstract  = {Experimental testing of nailed connections taken from old roof trusses is presented in this paper. To enable the further use and preservation of nailed roof trusses, it is important to understand how the nail corrosion and aging processes of steel and wood affect the load-bearing capacity and deformation behaviour of such structures. The hypothesis was investigated whether corroded nails allow an increase in load-bearing capacity. Several old and new joints were tested in a first test series, and the results were very promising regarding the initial assumption. However, more tests must be carried out to verify the results.},
  subject      = {Holzbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AnsariZachariasKoenke,
  author    = {Ansari, Meisam and Zacharias, Christin and K{\"o}nke, Carsten},
  title     = {Metaconcrete: An Experimental Study on the Impact of the Core-Coating Inclusions on Mechanical Vibration},
  series = {materials},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {materials},
  number    = {Volume 16, Issue 5, article 1836},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/ma16051836},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230315-49370},
  pages     = {1 -- 18},
  abstract  = {Resonance vibration of structures is an unpleasant incident that can be conventionally avoided by using a Tuned Mass Damper (TMD). The scope of this paper contains the utilization of engineered inclusions in concrete as damping aggregates to suppress resonance vibration similar to a TMD. The inclusions are composed of a stainless-steel core with a spherical shape coated with silicone. This configuration has been the subject of several studies and it is best known as Metaconcrete. This paper presents the procedure of a free vibration test conducted with two small-scaled concrete beams. The beams exhibited a higher damping ratio after the core-coating element was secured to them. Subsequently, two meso-models of small-scaled beams were created: one representing conventional concrete and the other representing concrete with the core-coating inclusions. The frequency response curves of the models were obtained. The change in the response peak verified the ability of the inclusions to suppress the resonance vibration. This study concludes that the core-coating inclusions can be utilized in concrete as damping aggregates.},
  subject      = {Beton},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AnsariTartaglioneKoenke,
  author    = {Ansari, Meisam and Tartaglione, Fabiola and K{\"o}nke, Carsten},
  title     = {Experimental Validation of Dynamic Response of Small-Scale Metaconcrete Beams at Resonance Vibration},
  series = {materials},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {materials},
  number    = {volume 16, issue 14, article 5029},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/ma16145029},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230818-64154},
  pages     = {1 -- 17},
  abstract  = {Structures and their components experience substantially large vibration amplitudes at resonance, which can cause their failure. The scope of this study is the utilization of silicone-coated steel balls in concrete as damping aggregates to suppress the resonance vibration. The heavy steel cores oscillate with a frequency close to the resonance frequency of the structure. Due to the phase difference between the vibrations of the cores and the structure, the cores counteract the vibration of the structure. The core-coating inclusions are randomly distributed in concrete similar to standard aggregates. This mixture is referred to as metaconcrete. The main goal of this work is to validate the ability of the inclusions to suppress mechanical vibration through laboratory experiments. For this purpose, two small-scale metaconcrete beams were cast and tested. In a free vibration test, the metaconcrete beams exhibited a larger damping ratio compared to a similar beam cast from conventional concrete. The vibration amplitudes of the metaconcrete beams at resonance were measured with a frequency sweep test. In comparison with the conventional concrete beam, both metaconcrete beams demonstrated smaller vibration amplitudes. Both experiments verified an improvement in the dynamic response of the metaconcrete beams at resonance vibration.},
  subject      = {Beton},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{EngelmannSchwendnerSeim,
  author    = {Engelmann, Iris and Schwendner, Sascha and Seim, Werner},
  title     = {Materialsparende Nagelbinder - Aspekte der Konstruktionsgeschichte von 1930 bis 1990},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4888},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230112-48882},
  pages     = {33},
  abstract  = {Materialsparende Holzkonstruktionen, die insbesondere w{\"a}hrend der Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit im 20. Jahrhundert entwickelt und optimiert wurden, erlangen aktuell aus konstruktionshistorischer Sicht, aber auch aus {\"o}konomischer Sicht erneut Interesse. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen {\"U}berblick angefangen von den ersten Konstruktionen Ende der 1920er Jahre bis hin zu Typenbindern der DDR, die noch bis 1990 {\"u}ber Landwirtschaftsbauten errichtet wurden und heute oft als Tragkonstruktionen f{\"u}r Photovoltaikanlagen weiterverwendet werden. Der Fokus liegt auf der chronologischen Vorstellung ausgew{\"a}hlter Konstruktionsweisen f{\"u}r Hallen- und Hausd{\"a}cher unterschieden nach Fachwerk- und Vollwandbindern. Sowohl die verantwortlichen Ingenieure und deren Herkunft, sowie wesentliche Anwendungsfelder und Beispielbauten kommen in der {\"U}berblicksdarstellung zur Sprache. Eine wesentliche Erkenntnis ist die im Betrachtungszeitraum 1930 bis 1990 zu verzeichnende Reduzierung einer Vielzahl genagelter Spar- hin zu Typenkonstruktionen, die im wesentlichen {\"a}ußerst materialeffiziente Fachwerkbinder f{\"u}r Satteld{\"a}cher hervorbrachte.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurholzbau},
  language  = {de}
}
@unpublished{FischerSchwendnerSeimetal.,
  author    = {Fischer, Jens and Schwendner, Sascha and Seim, Werner and Engelmann, Iris},
  title     = {Verbindungen mit N{\"a}geln im Holzbau - Die Erforschung und Entwicklung von Konstruktionsregeln},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4889},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230112-48893},
  pages     = {25},
  abstract  = {Der Nagel als tragendes Holzverbindungsmittel ist heute gut bekannt. Doch noch vor 100 Jahren war das anders: sein statisch konstruktiver Gebrauch war verboten. Das {\"a}nderte sich mit Beginn dessen Erforschung Ende der 1920er Jahre. Seit 1933 ist der Nagel Bestandteil der deutschen Regelwerke und findet seitdem breite Verwendung. {\"U}ber weite Teile des 20. Jahrhunderts diente er in Not- und Sparkonstruktionen wie Brett- und Bohlenbindern als hocheffizientes Verbindungsmittel der Wahl. Diese materialsparenden Tragwerke waren bei der periodisch im-mer wiederkehrenden Ressourcenknappheit sehr gefragt und sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Konstruktionsgeschichte des Holzbaus. In dem folgenden Beitrag wird die Erforschung des Na-geltragverhaltens und die einhergehende fortlaufende Normierung behandelt. Die Errungen-schaften einzelner Forschungsvorhaben werden vorgestellt. Anhand eines Zeitstrahls werden Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Forschung und Normung gezeigt. Tabellen und Grafiken verdeutli-chen die {\"A}nderungen innerhalb der Normen von der ersten DIN 1052 im Jahr 1933 {\"u}ber die erste eigenst{\"a}ndige Holzbaunorm in der DDR, der TGL 112-0730, aus 1963 bis zur DIN 1052- 1988. Dabei wird immer Bezug zum derzeitigen Entwurf des Eurocode 5 genommen. Allgemein zeigt sich, dass ein Großteil der heutigen Kenntnisse immer noch auf die Grundlagenforschung der 1930er Jahre zur{\"u}ckgeht.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurholzbau},
  language  = {de}
}
@unpublished{SchwendnerFischerSeimetal.,
  author    = {Schwendner, Sascha and Fischer, Jens and Seim, Werner and Engelmann, Iris},
  title     = {N{\"a}gel im Holzbau - Die Erforschung des Trag- und Verformungsverhaltens},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4890},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230112-48904},
  pages     = {18},
  abstract  = {Die Tragf{\"a}higkeit von N{\"a}geln und Nagelverbindungen im Holzbau war lange Zeit ausschließlich {\"u}ber Tabellen, die auf experimentellen Untersuchungen basierten, geregelt. In den letzten 100 Jahren untersuchten unterschiedliche Forscher das Last-Verformungsverhalten dieser Verbindungen und entwickelten Modelle, mit denen auf Grundlage von analytischen Gleichungen die Tragf{\"a}higkeit und das Verformungsverhalten von N{\"a}geln berechnet werden kann. Die zun{\"a}chst in Not- und Sparkonstruktion eingesetzten N{\"a}gel werden heutzutage vor allem bei Tafelelementen verwendet. Im Bestand finden sich aber auch zahlreiche, teils weit gespannte Fachwerkkonstruktionen. In dem folgenden Beitrag werden die Erforschung und Entwicklung der Tragf{\"a}higkeit sowie des Verformungsverhaltens von genagelten Verbindungen detailliert und strukturiert erl{\"a}utert. Die zugeh{\"o}rigen Meilensteine werden genauer betrachtet. {\"U}ber unterschiedliche Methoden f{\"u}r die Bestimmung der Tragf{\"a}higkeit sowie mechanische Ph{\"a}nomene, die erst nach und nach entdeckt wurden, k{\"o}nnen in der aktuellen Normung sehr individuelle Verbindungen nachgewiesen und deren Verhalten beschrieben werden. Tabellen und Grafiken verdeutlichen die einzelnen Meilensteine der geschichtlichen Entwicklung und vergleichen konkret die normativen Regelungen seit Beginn der Einf{\"u}hrung des Nagels in den Ingenieurholzbau in Deutschland. Hierbei kann gezeigt werden, dass einige Definitionen seit 1933 bis heute noch ihre G{\"u}ltigkeit behalten.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurholzbau},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ArtusKoch,
  author    = {Artus, Mathias and Koch, Christian},
  title     = {Object-Oriented Damage Information Modeling Concepts and Implementation for Bridge Inspection},
  series = {Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering},
  number    = {Volume 36, issue 6},
  doi       = {10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0001030},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220826-47087},
  pages     = {1 -- 21},
  abstract  = {Bridges are designed to last for more than 50 years and consume up to 50\% of their life-cycle costs during their operation phase. Several inspections and assessment actions are executed during this period. Bridge and damage information must be gathered, digitized, and exchanged between different stakeholders. Currently, the inspection and assessment practices rely on paper-based data collection and exchange, which is time-consuming and error-prone, and leads to loss of information. Storing and exchanging damage and building information in a digital format may lower costs and errors during inspection and assessment and support future needs, for example, immediate simulations regarding performance assessment, automated maintenance planning, and mixed reality inspections. This study focused on the concept for modeling damage information to support bridge reviews and structural analysis. Starting from the definition of multiple use cases and related requirements, the data model for damage information is defined independently from the subsequent implementation. In the next step, the implementation via an established standard is explained. Functional tests aim to identify problems in the concept and implementation. To show the capability of the final model, two example use cases are illustrated: the inspection review of the entire bridge and a finite-element analysis of a single component. Main results are the definition of necessary damage data, an object-oriented damage model, which supports multiple use cases, and the implementation of the model in a standard. Furthermore, the tests have shown that the standard is suitable to deliver damage information; however, several software programs lack proper implementation of the standard.},
  subject      = {Building Information Modeling},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Cicek,
  author    = {Cicek, Burhan},
  title     = {Revisiting vernacular technique: Engineering a low environmental impact earth stabilisation method},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4698},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220803-46989},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {195},
  abstract  = {The major drawbacks of earth as a construction material — such as its low water stability and moderate strength — have led mankind to stabilize earth. Different civilizations developed vernacular techniques mainly focussing on lime, pozzolan or gypsum stabilization. Recently, cement has become the most commonly used additive in earth stabilization as it improves the strength and durability of plain earth. Also, it is a familiar and globally available construction material. However, using cement as an additive reduces the environmental advantages of earth and run counter to global targets regarding the reduction of CO2 emissions. Alternatives to cement stabilization are currently neither efficient enough to reduce its environmental impact nor allow the possibility of obtaining better results than those of cement. As such, this thesis deals with the rediscovery of a reverse engineering approach for a low environmental impact earth stabilization technique, aiming to replace cement in earth stabilization. The first step in the method consists in a comprehensive review of earth stabilization with regards to earthen building standards and soil classification, which allows us to identify the research gap. The review showed that there is great potential in using other additives which result in similar improvements as those achieved by cement. However, the studies that have been conducted so far either use expansive soils, which are not suitable for earth constructions or artificial pozzolans that indirectly contribute to CO2 emissions. This is the main research gap. The key concept for the development in the second step of the method is to combine vernacular additives to both improve the strength and durability of plain earth and to reduce the CO2 emissions. Various earth-mixtures were prepared and both development and performance tests were done to investigate the performance of this technique. The laboratory analyses on mix-design have proven a high durability and the results show a remarkable increase in strength performance. Furthermore, a significant reduction in CO2 emissions in comparison to cement stabilization could be shown. The third step of the method discusses the results drawn from the experimental programme. In addition, the potential of the new earth mixture with regards to its usability in the field of building construction and architectural design is further elaborated on. The method used in this study is the first of its kind that allows investors to avoid the very time-consuming processes such as finding a suitable source for soil excavation and soil classification. The developed mixture has significant workability and suitability for production of stabilized earthen panels — the very first of its kind. Such a panel is practically feasible, reasonable, and could be integrated into earthen building standards in general and in particular to DIN 18948, which is related to earthen boards and published in 2018.},
  subject      = {Lehm},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ArtusAlabassyKoch,
  author    = {Artus, Mathias and Alabassy, Mohamed Said Helmy and Koch, Christian},
  title     = {A BIM Based Framework for Damage Segmentation, Modeling, and Visualization Using IFC},
  series = {Applied Sciences},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Applied Sciences},
  number    = {volume 12, issue 6, article 2772},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/app12062772},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220314-46059},
  pages     = {1 -- 24},
  abstract  = {Paper-based data acquisition and manual transfer between incompatible software or data formats during inspections of bridges, as done currently, are time-consuming, error-prone, cumbersome, and lead to information loss. A fully digitized workflow using open data formats would reduce data loss, efforts, and the costs of future inspections. On the one hand, existing studies proposed methods to automatize data acquisition and visualization for inspections. These studies lack an open standard to make the gathered data available for other processes. On the other hand, several studies discuss data structures for exchanging damage information among different stakeholders. However, those studies do not cover the process of automatic data acquisition and transfer. This study focuses on a framework that incorporates automatic damage data acquisition, transfer, and a damage information model for data exchange. This enables inspectors to use damage data for subsequent analyses and simulations. The proposed framework shows the potentials for a comprehensive damage information model and related (semi-)automatic data acquisition and processing.},
  subject      = {Building Information Modeling},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Harirchian,
  author    = {Harirchian, Ehsan},
  title     = {Improved Rapid Assessment of Earthquake Hazard Safety of Existing Buildings Using a Hierarchical Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Model},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4396},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210326-43963},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {143},
  abstract  = {Although it is impractical to avert subsequent natural disasters, advances in simulation science and seismological studies make it possible to lessen the catastrophic damage. There currently exists in many urban areas a large number of structures, which are prone to damage by earthquakes. These were constructed without the guidance of a national seismic code, either before it existed or before it was enforced. For instance, in Istanbul, Turkey, as a high seismic area, around 90\% of buildings are substandard, which can be generalized into other earthquakeprone regions in Turkey. The reliability of this building stock resulting from earthquake-induced collapse is currently uncertain. Nonetheless, it is also not feasible to perform a detailed seismic vulnerability analysis on each building as a solution to the scenario, as it will be too complicated and expensive. This indicates the necessity of a reliable, rapid, and computationally easy method for seismic vulnerability assessment, commonly known as Rapid Visual Screening (RVS). In RVS methodology, an observational survey of buildings is performed, and according to the data collected during the visual inspection, a structural score is calculated without performing any structural calculations to determine the expected damage of a building and whether the building needs detailed assessment. Although this method might save time and resources due to the subjective/qualitative judgments of experts who performed the inspection, the evaluation process is dominated by vagueness and uncertainties, where the vagueness can be handled adequately through the fuzzy set theory but do not cover all sort of uncertainties due to its crisp membership functions. In this study, a novel method of rapid visual hazard safety assessment of buildings against earthquake is introduced in which an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) is used to cover uncertainties. In addition, the proposed method provides the possibility to evaluate the earthquake risk of the building by considering factors related to the building importance and exposure. A smartphone app prototype of the method has been introduced. For validation of the proposed method, two case studies have been selected, and the result of the analysis presents the robust efficiency of the proposed method.},
  subject      = {Fuzzy-Logik},
  language  = {en}
}