@inproceedings{KoepplerRoosBurkhardt1997,
  author    = {K{\"o}ppler, H. and Roos, Dirk and Burkhardt, Gerhard},
  title     = {Zur Berechnung vielschichtiger Schalen mit orthotropen Schichten},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.437},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4379},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Wirklichkeitsnahe Erfassung und Beschreibung des Trag- und Verformungsverhaltens von Strukturen baulicher Anlagen hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten st{\"a}ndig an Bedeutung gewonnen. Konstruktionen im Hoch- und Industriebau werden zunehmend multifunktional genutzt - die >Grenzen< zwischen Bauwerk und Tragwerk, zwischen H{\"u}ll- und Tragkonstruktion l{\"o}sen sich auf. Werden raumabschließende Elemente (W{\"a}nde, Decken, D{\"a}cher) gleichzeitig als Tragelemente und w{\"a}rme- und schalld{\"a}mmende Konstruktionen ausgef{\"u}hrt, so entstehen beispielsweise Sandwichplatten, deren Schichten sehr stark differierende Materialeigenschaften aufweisen. Beim Aufbau des FEM-Modells f{\"u}r vielschichtige Schalen k{\"o}nnen die Form{\"a}nderungshypothesen f{\"u}r jede Schicht einzeln als auch f{\"u}r die Schale insgesamt gegeben werden. Im ersten Fall ist der Knotenfreiheitsgrad von der Schichtenzahl abh{\"a}ngig, im zweiten Fall nicht. Im weiteren wird eine Form{\"a}nderungshypothese f{\"u}r das Schichtenpaket angenommen. Ausgegangen wird von den Gleichungen der 3D-Elastizit{\"a}tstheorie. Die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Querkraftschubverformungen ergibt die M{\"o}glichkeit einer ad{\"a}quaten Beschreibung der Verformungen sowohl d{\"u}nner Schalen als auch von Schalen mittlerer Dicke; die Berechnung der Kr{\"u}mmungen und der LAMEschen Parameter der Bezugsfl{\"a}che zu umgehen, was f{\"u}r komplizierte Schalenformen eine selbst{\"a}ndige Aufgabe ist; eines nat{\"u}rlichen {\"U}bergangs von homogenen zu geschichteten Schalen. Das vielschichtige isoparametrische Schalen-FE wird vorgestellt, seine Implementierung in das in Entwicklung befindliche Programmsystem SLANG wird vorbereitet.},
  subject      = {Schale},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KoenigKlingerBerkhahn2004,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Markus and Klinger, Axel and Berkhahn, Volker},
  title     = {Structural Correctness of Planning Processes in Building Engineering},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.169},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1690},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The planning of projects in building engineering is a complex process which is characterized by a dynamical composition and many modifications during the definition and execution time of processes. For a computer-aided and network-based cooperation a formal description of the planning process is necessary. In the research project "Relational Process Modelling in Cooperative Building Planning" a process model is described by three parts: an organizational structure with participants, a building structure with states and a process structure with activities. This research project is part of the priority program 1103 "Network-Based Cooperative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering" promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Planning processes in civil engineering can be described by workflow graphs. The process structure describes the logical planning process and can be formally defined by a bipartite graph. This structure consists of activities, transitions and relationships between activities and transitions. In order to minimize errors at execution time of a planning process a consistent and structurally correct process model must be guaranteed. This contribution considers the concept and the algorithms for checking the consistency and the correctness of the process structure.},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{MuellerBrossmann2003,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Karl-Heinz and Broßmann, Marko},
  title     = {Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des zeitlich zuf{\"a}lligen Lastverhaltens und zuf{\"a}lliger Systemeigenschaften bei der adaptiven Grenzlastanalyse},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.337},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3372},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Werden bei der Tragwerksauslegung Schnittgr{\"o}ßenumlagerungen infolge Plastizierungen zugelassen, dann ist die Lastintensit{\"a}t durch die Einhaltung von entsprechenden Grenzzustandskriterien, passend zum physikalisch nichtlinearen Tragverhalten, zu begrenzen. F{\"u}r Tragwerke, die von mehreren unabh{\"a}ngig voneinander, wiederholt und in beliebiger Reihenfolge auftretenden Lasten beansprucht werden, stellt die adaptive Grenzlast (Einspiellast), ausgedr{\"u}ckt durch den adaptiven Grenzlastfaktor, ein geeignetes Grenzzustandskriterium dar. Bedingt durch zuf{\"a}llige Systemeigenschaften und zeitlich zuf{\"a}lliges Lastverhalten stellt der adaptive Grenzlastfaktor eine Zufallsgr{\"o}ße dar. F{\"u}r die Bestimmung des stochastischen adaptiven Grenzlastfaktors und der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit gegen{\"u}ber dem Grenzzustand der Adaption f{\"u}r einen Zeitraum [0,T] werden die mathematische Optimierung (mechanische Probleml{\"o}sung) und die Monte-Carlo-Simulation (stochastische Probleml{\"o}sung) herangezogen, wobei eine {\"U}berf{\"u}hrung von zeitvarianten Lastmodellen in {\"a}quivalente zeitinvariante Lastmodelle erforderlich wird. Am Beispiel eines eingespannten Stahlbetonrahmens wird untersucht, wie sich eine unterschiedliche stochastische Modellbildung des Tragwerks und eine unterschiedliche Vorgehensweise bei der {\"U}berlagerung von Extremwerten der Belastung auf die Beurteilung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit des Tragwerks f{\"u}r verschiedene Lebensdauern auswirken. Im Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen zeigt sich, dass sich die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit signifikant erh{\"o}ht, wenn stochastische Tragwerkseigenschaften in Ansatz gebracht werden. Die gr{\"o}ßte Bedeutung besitzt dabei die Zuf{\"a}lligkeit der Zugfestigkeit der Bewehrung. Alle anderen Zufallsgr{\"o}ßen beeinflussen die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit nur in ihrer Gesamtheit, einzeln betrachtet sind sie nahezu bedeutungslos. Es stellt sich weiterhin heraus, dass eine vereinfachte {\"U}berlagerung der Last-Extremwerte zu einer deutlichen {\"U}bersch{\"a}tzung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit f{\"u}hrt und somit als konservatives Modell zu bewerten ist.},
  subject      = {Tragwerk},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Abdalla2004,
  author    = {Abdalla, Jamal},
  title     = {Elements of an Agent-based Mediative Communication Protocol for Design Objects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.220},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2207},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Integrated structural engineering system usually consists of large number of design objects that may be distributed across different platforms. These design objects need to communicate data and information among each other. For efficient communication among design objects a common communication protocol need to be defined. This paper presents the elements of a communication protocol that uses a mediator agent to facilitate communication among design objects. This protocol is termed the Mediative Communication Protocol (MCP). The protocol uses certain design communication performatives and the semantics of an Agent Communication language (ACL) mainly the Knowledge and Query Manipulation Language (KQML) to implement its steps. Details of a Mediator Agent, that will facilitate the communication among design objects, is presented. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to present the Meditative protocol and show how the mediator agent can be use to execute the steps of the meditative communication protocol. An example from structural engineering application is presented to demonstrate and validate the protocol. It is concluded that the meditative protocol is a viable protocol to facilitate object-to-object communication and also has potential to facilitate communication among the different project participants at the higher level of integrated structural engineering systems.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GaoWuRen2004,
  author    = {Gao, Zuoren and Wu, Weiyu and Ren, Aizhu},
  title     = {Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.238},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KaminskiMajSchmidt2003,
  author    = {Kami{\~n}ski, Mieczysław and Maj, Marek and Schmidt, Egon},
  title     = {Berechnungsmodell der Polystyrol-Massiv-Rippendecken},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.318},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3185},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Neue Konstruktionsentwicklungen erwarten von Bauingenieuren auch neue Berechnungs- und Analysenmethoden. Zu solchen Konstruktionen geh{\"o}ren Polystyrol-Massiv-Rippendecken. Die Decken, die eine wichtige Rolle im Neubau sowie in der Sanierung und Rekonstruktion von Altbauten spielen, haben eine umfangreiche Technologiebeschreibung, jedoch relativ kleine Berechnungsbase zur statischen Analyse der Ausnutzugs- und Statischfestigkeitsparametern. In den Vortrag wurde eine Methode zu Analyse solche Decken dargestellt. Das interessante Problem befindet sich in der sogennaten zweiten Phase, wenn der Decke keine elastische Platte ist. Eine wichtige Rolle bei Berechnung spielen die ver{\"a}nderte Steifigkeit und Rheology.},
  subject      = {Stahlbeton},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KohlerBodin2003,
  author    = {Kohler, Niklaus and Bodin, Olivier},
  title     = {Dealing with sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in integrated buildung LCA model : Dealing with Uncertainty in Life Cyle Analysis of Building Model by Using Experiment Design Methods},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.322},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3220},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Building design, realization, operation and refurbishment have to take into account the environmental impacts as well as the resulting costs over a long period of time. LCA methods had to be developed for buildings because of their complexity, their long life duration and through a large number of actors who are involved. This was realized by integrating life cycle analysis, life cycle costing and building product models in integrated LCA models. However the use of such models leads to difficulties. The principal ones are the uncertainty treatment in LCA models and the lack of experience of practitioners who are not LCA specialists. Answers to these problems are the management of uncertainty and the development of simplified models for building design, construction and operation. This can be achieved with the mean of experimental plans or Monte Carlo simulation. The paper will focus on how these techniques can be used, what are their possibilities and disadvantages, particularly concerning the development of simplified models.},
  subject      = {Bauwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MahdaviMathewHartkopf1997,
  author    = {Mahdavi, A. and Mathew, P. and Hartkopf, V.},
  title     = {Real-time Coupling of Multi-Domain Representational and Analytical Building Object Models via Homology-based Mapping},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.446},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4461},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Ideally, multiple computational building evaluation routines (particularly simulation tools) should be coupled in real-time to the representational design model to provide timely performance feed-back to the system user. In this paper we demonstrate how this can be achieved effectively and conveniently via homology-based mapping. We consider two models as homologous if they entail isomorphic topological information. If the general design representation (i.e., a shared object model) is generated in a manner so as to include both the topological building information and pointers to the semantic information base, it can be used to directly derive the domain representations (>enriched< object models with detailed configurational information and filtered semantic data) needed for evaluation purposes. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a computational design environment that dynamically links an object-oriented space-based design model, with structurally homologous object models of various simulation routines.},
  subject      = {Geb{\"a}ude},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Suzuki2004,
  author    = {Suzuki, Aketo},
  title     = {Numerical Analysis for Prediction as to Influence of Digging a Tunnel on Groundwater},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.113},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1133},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper describes monitoring of the in-valley discharge and underground water level at the place where the tunnel will be constructed and also, the numerical analysis for prediction applying the Tank Model and Linear Filter Method to calculate the prediction. The application of these analyses has actually allowed the change of underground water level to be grasped and more effective information system to be established by comparing the real-time monitoring data with the real-time calculation of prediction.},
  subject      = {Mobile Computing},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{XieIssaO'Brien2004,
  author    = {Xie, Haiyan and Issa, Raja and O'Brien, William},
  title     = {Structure of a Formal User Model for Construction Information Retrieval},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.129},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1296},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Information science researchers and developers have spent many years addressing the problem of retrieving the exact information needed and using it for analysis purposes. In informationseeking dialogues, the user, i.e. construction project manager or supplier, often asks questions about specific aspects of the tasks they want to perform. But most of the time it is difficult for the software systems to unambiguously understand their overall intentions. The existence of information tunnels (Tannenbaum 2002) aggravates this phenomenon. This study includes a detailed case study of the material management process in the construction industry. Based on this case study, the structure of a formal user model for information retrieval in construction management is proposed. This prototype user model will be incorporated into the system design for construction information management and retrieval. This information retrieval system is a user-centered product based on the development of a user configurable visitor mechanism for managing and retrieving project information without worrying too much about the underlying data structure of the database system. An executable UML model combined with OODB is used to reduce the ambiguity in the user's intentions and to achieve user satisfaction.},
  subject      = {Bauwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TakagiTaniKawamura2004,
  author    = {Takagi, Kousuke and Tani, Akinori and Kawamura, Hiroshi},
  title     = {Research on Intelligent Fuzzy Optimal Active and Hybrid Control Systems of Building Structures - Verification of Optimization Method on Switching Rules of Control Forces},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.223},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2238},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Recently, many reseraches on active control systems of building structures are preformed based on modern control theory and are installed real buildings. The authors have already proposed intelligent fuzzy optimal active control (IFOAC) systems. IFOAC systems imitate intelligent activities of human brains such as prediction, adaptation, decision-kaking and so on. In IFOAC systems, objective and subjective judgements on the active control can be taken into account. However, IFOAC systems are considered to be suitable for far-field erathquake and control effect becomes small in case of near-field earthqaukes which include a few velosity pules with large amplitudes. To improve control effect in case of near-souece earthquakes, the authors have also proposed hybrid control (HC) systems, in which IFOAC systems and fuzzy control system are combined. In HC systems, the fuzzy control systems are introduced as a reflective fuzzy active control (RFAC) system and imitates spinal reflection of human. In HC systems, active control forces are activated to buildings in accordance with switching rules on active control forces. In this paper, optimizations on fuzzy control rules in RFAC system and switching rules of active control forces in HC system are performed by Parameter-Free Genetic Algorithms (PfGAs). Here, the optimization is performed by using different earthquake inputs. The results of digital simulations show that the HC system can reduce maximal response displacements under restrictions on strokes of the actuator effectively in case of a near-source earthquake and the effectiveness of the proposed HC system is discussed and clarified.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WillenbacherHuebler2004,
  author    = {Willenbacher, Heiko and H{\"u}bler, Reinhard},
  title     = {Intelligent Link-Management for the Support of Integration in Building Life Cycle},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.222},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2223},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The processes in the life cycle of buildings are characterised by highly distinct teamwork. The integration of all the distributed working participants, by providing an environment, which especially supports the communication and collaboration between the actors, is a fundamental step to improve the efficiency of the involved processes and to reduce the total costs. In this article, a link based modelling approach and its "intelligent" link management is introduced (1). This approach realises an integration environment based on a special building model that acts as a decision support system. The link-based modelling is characterised by the definition and specialisation of links between partial models. These intelligent managed links enable a very flexible and task specific data access and exchange between all the different views and partial models of the participants.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MilesCenTaylor2004,
  author    = {Miles, John and Cen, Mei and Taylor, Mark},
  title     = {Linking Sketching and Constraint Checking for Early Conceptual Design},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1548},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1547},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {At the start of the conceptual design process, designers start to give tangible form to their thoughts by sketching. This helps with reasoning and communicates ideas to other members of the team. Sketches are gradually worked up into more formal drawings which are then passed to the other stages of the design process. There are however some problems with basing early ideas on sketching. For example, due to their ad-hoc nature, sketches tend only to be diagrammatic representations and so designers cannot be sure that their ideas are feasible and what is being proposed meets the constraints described in the client brief. This can result in designers wasting time working up ideas which prove to be unsuitable. Also the process of constraint checking is complex and time consuming and so designers tend limit their search of possible options and instead choose satisfying rather than good solutions. This paper describes the INTEGRA project which examines the role of sketching in early conceptual design and how this can be linked to other aspects of the process and particularly automated constraint checking using an IT based approach. The focus for the work is the design of framed buildings. A multi-disciplinary approach has been adopted and the work has been undertaken in close collaboration with practising designers and clients.},
  subject      = {Konzipieren <Technik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MotawaAnumbaElHamalawi2004,
  author    = {Motawa, Ibrahim and Anumba, Chimay and El-Hamalawi, A.},
  title     = {Development of a Fuzzy System for Change Prediction in Construction Projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.218},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2180},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Change management has been the focus of different IT systems. These IT systems were developed to represent design information, record design rationale, facilitate design coordination and changes. They are largely based on managing reactive changes, particularly design changes, in which changes are recorded and then propagated to the relevant project members. However, proactive changes are hardly dealt with in IT systems. Proactive changes require estimating the likelihood of occurrence of a change event as well as estimating the degree of change impacts on project parameters. Changes in construction projects often result from the uncertainty associated with the imprecise and vague knowledge of much project information at the early stages of projects. This is a major outcome of the case studies carried out as part of this research. Therefore, the proposed model considers that incomplete knowledge and certain project characteristics are always behind change causes. For proactive changes, predicting a change event is the main task for modelling. The prediction model should strive to integrate these main elements: 1) project characteristics that lead to change 2) causes of change, 3) the likelihood of change occurrence, and 4) the change consequences. It should also define the dependency relationships between these elements. However, limited data (documented) are only available from previous projects for change cases and many of the above elements can only be expressed in linguistic terms. This means that the model will simulate the uncertainty and subjectivity associated with these sets of elements. Therefore, a fuzzy model is proposed in this research to capture these elements. The model analyses the impact of each set of elements on the other by assigning fuzzy values for these elements that express the uncertainty and subjectivity of their impact. The main aim is to predict change events and evaluate change effects on project parameters. The fuzzy model described above was developed in an IT system for operational purposes and was designed as a Java package of components with their supporting classes, beans, and files. This paper describes the development and the architecture of the proposed IT system to achieve these requirements. The system is intended to help project teams in dealing with change causes and then the change consequences in construction projects.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FoorgberMueller1997,
  author    = {Foorgber, U. and M{\"u}ller, Christian},
  title     = {A Planning Process Model for Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Building Construction},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.492},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4922},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Increasing complexity of today's buildings requires a high level of integration in the planning process. Common planning strategies, where individual project partners cooperate mainly to exchange results, are not suitable to jointly develop project goals and objectives. Integrated planning, a more holistic approach to deal with complex problems, is based on a high degree of communication amoung team members and leads to a goal oriented cooperation. Current approaches in the reasearch area of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) poorly meet the requirements in planning. A planning process model, based on the principles of integrated planning will be introduced, aimed to provide the background for the implementation of a CSCW-platform.},
  subject      = {Bauwesen},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MilesJoitaBurnap2004,
  author    = {Miles, John and Joita, Liviu and Burnap, Peter},
  title     = {Collaborative Engineering: Virtual Teams in a Grid Environment Supporting Consortia in the Construction Industry},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.136},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1362},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In the AEC (Architecture / Engineering / Construction) industry a number of individuals and organisations collaborate and work jointly on a construction project. The resulting consortium has large pool of expertise and experience and can be defined as a Virtual Organisation (VO) formed for the duration of the project. VOs are electronically networked organisations where IT and web based communication technology play an important role in coordinating various activities of these organisations. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of a Grid enabled application called the Product Supplier Catalogue Database (PSCD) which supports collaborative working in consortia. As part of the Grid-enabling process, specialised metadata is being developed to enable PSCD to effectively utilise Grid middleware such as Globus and Java CoG toolkits. We also describe our experience whilst designing, developing and deploying the security service of the application using the Globus Security Interface (GSI).},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Palm2004,
  author    = {Palm, Johan},
  title     = {Integrated Engineering Workflow focused on the Structural Engineering in the Industrial Environment},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.162},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1625},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The engineering and construction industry has been slow to exploit the full potential of information technology. The industry is highly fragmented, price sensitive, risk-adverse, and profit margins are small. Each project is unique with a small amount of technological innovation opportunities to capitalise on from one project to the next. Technological innovations that have been taking place are just simulating the old traditional paper workflow. Engineering information in digital form is being conveyed using traditional paper representations, which have to be interpreted by humans before the information can be used in other applications, thereby creating 'islands of information'. It can be seen that poorly implemented IT strategies are duplicating paperwork, rather than reducing or eliminating it (Crowley et al., 2000). This paper will introduce the Integrated Engineering Workflow (IEW) concept to re-organise a structural discipline working on multi-disciplinary projects so as to maximise the advantages offered by new information technology.},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Olivier2004,
  author    = {Olivier, A. H.},
  title     = {An application-centred framework for distributed engineering applications},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.135},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1353},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The conceptual structure of an application that can support the structural analysis task in a distributed collaboratory is described in (van Rooyen and Olivier 2004). The application described there has a standalone component for executing the finite element method on a local workstation in the absence of network access. This application is comparable to current, local workstation based finite element packages. However, it differs fundamentally from standard packages since the application itself, and its objects, are adapted to support distributed execution of the analysis task. Basic aspects of an object-oriented framework for the development of applications which can be used in similar distributed collaboratories are described in this paper. An important feature of this framework is its application-centred design. This means that an application can contain any number of engineering models, where the models are formed by the collection of objects according to semantic views within the application. This is achieved through very flexible classes Application and Model, which are described in detail. The advantages of the application-centred design approach is demonstrated with reference to the design of steel structures, where the finite element analysis model, member design model and connection design model interact to provide the required functionality.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ChristovPetrova1997,
  author    = {Christov, Christo T. and Petrova, Lyllia B.},
  title     = {Computer-Aided Static Analysis of Complex Prismatic Orthotropic Shell Structures by the Analytical Finite Strip Method},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.435},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4358},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {The paper describes a development of the analytical finite strip method (FSM) in displacements for linear elastic static analysis of simply supported at their transverse ends complex orthotropic prismatic shell structures with arbitrary open or closed deformable contour of the cross-section under general external loads. A number of bridge top structures, some roof structures and others are related to the studied class. By longitudinal sections the prismatic thin-walled structure is discretized to a limited number of plane straight strips which are connected continuously at their longitudinal ends to linear joints. As basic unknowns are assumed the three displacements of points from the joint lines and the rotation to these lines. In longitudinal direction of the strips the unknown quantities and external loads are presented by single Fourier series. In transverse direction of each strips the unknown values are expressed by hyperbolic functions presenting an exact solution of the corresponding differential equations of the plane straight strip. The basic equations and relations for the membrane state, for the bending state and for the total state of the finite strip are obtained. The rigidity matrix of the strip in the local and global co-ordinate systems is derived. The basic relations of the structure are given and the general stages of the analytical FSM are traced. For long structures FSM is more efficient than the classic finite element method (FEM), since the problem dimension is reduced by one and the number of unknowns decreases. In comparison with the semi-analytical FSM, the analytical FSM leads to a practically precise solution, especially for wider strips, and provides compatibility of the displacements and internal forces along the longitudinal linear joints.},
  subject      = {Tragwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YabukiYoshimura2004,
  author    = {Yabuki, Nobuyoshi and Yoshimura, Yutaka},
  title     = {An Evaluation System for Steel Structures of Hydroelectric Power Stations based on Fault Tree Analysis and Performance Maps},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.256},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2564},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper presents an evaluation system for steel structures of hydroelectric power stations, including hydraulic gates and penstocks, based on Fault Tree Analyasis (FTA) and performance maps. This system consists of fault tree diagrams of FTA, performance maps, design and analysis systems, and engineerin databases. These four modules are integrated by appropriate hyperlinks so that the user of this system can use it easily and seamlessly. A well developed system was applied to some illustrative example cases, and they showed that the developed methodology and system worked well and the users found the system useful and effective for their maintenance tasks at powerstations.},
  subject      = {Wissensmanagement},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HuebnerWalhornKoelke2003,
  author    = {H{\"u}bner, Bj{\"o}rn and Walhorn, Elmar and K{\"o}lke, Andreas},
  title     = {Simultane L{\"o}sung gekoppelter Struktur-Fluid-Systeme},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.311},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3114},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Ein simultanes L{\"o}sungsverfahren f{\"u}r Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkungen aus dem Bereich des Bauingenieurwesens wird vorgestellt. Die Modellierung der Tragwerksdynamik erfolgt mit der geometrisch nichtlinearen Elastizit{\"a}tstheorie in total Lagrangescher Formulierung. Die Str{\"o}mung wird mit den inkompressiblen Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen beschrieben. Wenn Turbulenzeffekte massgeblich sind, kommen die Reynolds-Gleichungen in Verbindung mit dem k-omega-Turbulenzmodell von Wilcox zum Einsatz. Zur Beschreibung von komplexen freien Oberfl{\"a}chen wird die Level-Set-Methode eingesetzt. Die einheitliche Diskretisierung von Fluid und Struktur mit der Raum-Zeit-Finite-Element-Methode f{\"u}hrt zu einem konsistenten Berechnungsmodell f{\"u}r das gekoppelte System. Da die isoparametrischen Raum-Zeit-Elemente ihre Geometrie in Zeitrichtung {\"a}ndern k{\"o}nnen, erlaubt die Methode eine nat{\"u}rliche Beschreibung des infolge der Strukturbewegung zeitver{\"a}nderlichen Str{\"o}mungsgebiets. Die gewichtete Integralformulierung der Kopplungsbedingungen mit globalen Freiwerten f{\"u}r die Interface-Spannungen sichert eine konservative Kopplung von Fluid und Struktur. Ausgew{\"a}hlte Anwendungsbeispiele zeigen die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der entwickelten Methodik und belegen die guten Konvergenzeigenschaften des simultanen L{\"o}sungsverfahrens.},
  subject      = {Bauwerk},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{CheungNoruziaanLi2004,
  author    = {Cheung, Moe M. S. and Noruziaan, Bahman and Li, W. C.},
  title     = {Data acquisition, processing and management systems for a Canadian bridge monitoring project},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.123},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1235},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper will present a number of technical aspects for one of the most elaborate instrumentation and data acquisition projects ever undertaken in Canada. Confederation Bridge, the longest bridge built over ice covered seawater has been equipped with the state of the art data acquistition devices and systems as well as data transfer networks. The Bridge has been providing a fixed surface connection between Prince Edward Island and Province of New Brunswick in Canada since its opening in 1997. The Bridge has a rather long design service life of 100 years. Because of its large size and long span length, its design is not covered by any existing codes or standards worldwide. The focus of the paper is to introduce the data acquisition, transfer, processing and management systems. The instrumentation and communications infrastructure and devices will be presented in some details along with the data processing and management systems and techniques. Teams of engineers and researchers use the collected data to verify the analysis and design assumptions and parameters as well as investigate the short-term and long-term behaviour and health of the Bridge. The collected data are also used in furthering research activities in the field of bridge engineering and in elevating our knowledge about behaviour, reliability and durability of such complex structures, their components and materials.},
  subject      = {Bauwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlDiabHenryBoulemia2003,
  author    = {Al Diab, Ali and Henry, Eric and Boulemia, Cherif},
  title     = {A concerted and multi-criterion approach for helping to choose a Structure- Foundation system of building},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.273},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2732},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {The research of the best building design requires a concerted design approach of both structure and foundation. Our work is an application of this approach. Our objective is also to create an interactive tool, which will be able to define, at the early design stages, the orientations of structure and foundation systems that satisfy as well as possible the client and the architect. If the concerns of these two actors are primarily technical and economical, they also wish to apprehend the environmental and social dimensions of their projects. Thus, this approach bases on alternative studies and on a multi-criterion analysis. In this paper, we present the context of our work, the problem formulation, which allows a concerted design of Structure and Foundation systems and the feasible solutions identifying process.},
  subject      = {Bauwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ChouHsieh2004,
  author    = {Chou, Yu-Hur and Hsieh, Shang-Hsien},
  title     = {Design of Partial Scoring Assessment System for Reinforcement Concrete Design Course : Development of Partial Scoring Assessment System for Reinforcement Concrete Design Course},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.90},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-905},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In the field of Civil Engineering, the content of reinforcement concrete design course (RC course) has complicated design procedures and many difficult specifications to recognize, so most of the students regard the RC course a tough course, and teachers very often find the class time insufficient. Also, teachers of the RC course usually spend a lot of time in organizing the examinations for handling tedious calculations and complicated logical reasoning. Furthermore, correcting examination papers with partial scoring takes even more time of the teacher's. Therefore, the objective of this research is to design and develop a partial scoring assessment system to meet the needs in engineering design courses, such as the RC course. This assessment system can generate test items with variable parameters. It also supports inference diagnosis on the examinee's misconceptions and gives partial scores in grading the examination. In this research, the example test subject is the analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beam with single layer steel bars.},
  subject      = {Bautechnik},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BergerGraeffWeinberg1997,
  author    = {Berger, Hans and Graeff-Weinberg, K.},
  title     = {FEM-Detailuntersuchungen an Tragwerken unter Einsatz von pNh-{\"U}bergangselementen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.426},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4267},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Detailuntersuchungen an Tragwerken f{\"u}hren bei FE-Berechnungen immer wieder auf das Problem einer geeigneten Netzgestaltung. W{\"a}hrend in weiten Bereichen ein grobes Netz ausreicht, muß an kritischen Stellen ein sehr feines Netz gew{\"a}hlt werden, um gerade dort hinreichend genaue Ergebnisse zu erhalten. Bei der Realisierung lokaler Netzverdichtungen stellt die Gestaltung des {\"U}bergangs vom groben zum feinen Netz das Hauptproblem dar. Im Beitrag wird hierzu eine Familie von FE-{\"U}bergangselementen vorgestellt, mit denen sich eine voll-kompatible Kopplung von wenigen großen Elementen mit vielen kleinen Elementen bereits {\"u}ber nur eine Stufe erzielen l{\"a}ßt. Diese neu entwickelten sogenannten pNh-Elemente erm{\"o}glichen an einer oder mehreren Seiten den Anschluß von N kleineren Elementen (Elementseiten f{\"u}r h-Verfeinerung). Das wird durch N st{\"u}ckweise definierte Ansatzfunktionen an den entsprechenden Seiten erreicht, wobei die Teilung nicht {\"a}quidistant sein braucht. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist es m{\"o}glich, Elemente unterschiedlichen Polynomgrades p an den Standardseiten und den Verfeinerungsseiten anzuschließen. Der praktische Einsatz der {\"U}bergangselemente setzt geeignete automatische oder halbautomatische Netzgeneratoren voraus, die diese Elemente einbeziehen. Im Rahmen einer substrukturorientierten Modellierung l{\"a}ßt sich dies besonders g{\"u}nstig realisieren. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie durch Zerlegung des Gesamtmodells in Bereiche mit grobem Netz, mit {\"U}bergangsnetz und mit feinem Netz, eine effektive Generierung der Netzverdichtungen zu erreichen ist. An einem praktischen Beispiel aus dem Bauingenieurwesen werden die Vorteile des vorgestellten {\"U}bergangselementkonzeptes umfassend demonstriert.},
  subject      = {Tragwerk},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BuergyGarrett2004,
  author    = {B{\"u}rgy, Christian and Garrett, James H.},
  title     = {Supporting Domain Experts in Determining Viable User Interface Designs for Wearable Computers Used in AEC Work Situations},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.116},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1168},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The design of mobile IT systems, especially the design of wearable computer systems, is a complex task that requires computer science knowledge, such as that related to hardware configuration and software development, in addition to knowledge of the domain in which the system is intended to be used. Particularly in the AEC sector, it is necessary that the support from mobile information technology fit the work situation at hand. Ideally, the domain expert alone can adjust the wearable computer system to achieve this fit without having to consult IT experts. In this paper, we describe a model that helps in transferring existing design knowledge from non-AEC domains to new projects in the construction area. The base for this is a model and a methodology that describes the usage scenarios of said computer systems in an application-neutral and domain-independent way. Thus, the actual design information and experience will be transferable between different applications and domains.},
  subject      = {Mobile Computing},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HaaseLangerMuehlhuber2003,
  author    = {Haase, Gundolf and Langer, Ulrich and M{\"u}hlhuber, Wolfram},
  title     = {Optimal Sizing and Shape Optimization in Structural Mechanics},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.300},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3005},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {We consider an industrial application consisting of the mass minimization of a frame in an injection moulding machine. This frame has to compensate the forces acting on the mould inside the machine and has to fulfill certain critical constraints. The deformation of that frame with constant thickness is described by the plain stress state equations for linear elasticity. If the thickness varies then we use a generalized plain stress state with constant thickness in the coarse grid elements. These direct problems are solved by an adaptive multigrid solver. The mass minimization problem leads to a constrained minimization problem for a non-linear functional which will be solved by some standard optimization algorithm which requires the gradients with respect to design parameters. For the shape optimization problem, we assume that the machine components consist of simple geometrical primitives determined by a few design parameters. Therefore, we calculate the gradient in the shape optimization by means of numerical differentiation which requires the solution of approximately 4 direct problems per design parameter. The adaptive solver guarantees the detection of critical regions automatically, and ensures a good approximation to the exact solution of the direct problem. This rather slow approach can be significantly accelerated by using the adjoint method to express the gradient. It will be combined with a direct implementation of several terms that appear after applying the chain rule to the gradient.},
  subject      = {Baustatik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KicingerArciszewskiDeJong2004,
  author    = {Kicinger, Rafal and Arciszewski, Tomasz and De Jong, Kenneth},
  title     = {Distributed Evolutionary Design: Island-Model-based Optimization of Steel Skeleton Structures in Tall Buildings},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.219},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2195},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper presents results of a study on distributed, or parallel, evolutionary computation in the topological design of steel structural systems in tall buildings. It describes results of extensive experimental research on various parallel evolutionary architectures applied to a complex structural design problem. The experiments were conducted using Inventor 2003, a networkbased evolutionary design support tool developed at George Mason University. First, a general introduction to evolutionary computation is provided with an emphasis on recent developments in parallel evolutionary architectures. Next, a discussion of conceptual design of steel structural systems in tall buildings is presented. Further, Inventor 2003 is briefly introduced as well as its design representation and evolutionary computation characteristics. Next, the results obtained from systematic design experiments conducted with Inventor 2003 are discussed. The objective of these experiments was to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate evolution of steel structural systems in tall buildings during a distributed evolutionary design process as well as to compare efficiency and effectiveness of various parallel evolutionary architectures with the traditional evolutionary design approaches. Two connectivity topologies (ring topology and fully-connected topology) have been investigated for four populations of structural designs evolving in parallel and using various migration strategies. Also, results of the initial sensitivity studies are reported in which two ways of initializing distributed evolutionary design processes were investigated, using either arbitrarily selected designs as initial parents or randomly generated ones. Finally, initial research conclusions are presented.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BreitKuendigHaeubi2004,
  author    = {Breit, Manfred and K{\"u}ndig, Daniel and H{\"a}ubi, Fritz},
  title     = {Project oriented learning environment (POLE-Europe)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.93},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-935},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The presented work focuses on collaboration- experiences gathered with complex design and engineering projects, using the learning platform POLE- Europe. Within the POLE environment student-teams from different universities, disciplines and cultural backgrounds are assigned to real-world projects with clearly defined design - tasks, usually to be accomplished within one semester while working in a virtual environment for most of the time. The concept of POLE and the information and collaboration technology is described.},
  subject      = {Bautechnik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MilbradtSchierbaumSchwoeppe2004,
  author    = {Milbradt, Peter and Schierbaum, Jochen and Schw{\"o}ppe, Axel},
  title     = {Finite Cell-Elements of Higher Order},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.252},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2524},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The method of the finite elements is an adaptable numerical procedure for interpolation as well as for the numerical approximation of solutions of partial differential equations. The basis of these procedure is the formulation of suitable finite elements and element decompositions of the solution space. Classical finite elements are based on triangles or quadrangles in the two-dimensional space and tetrahedron or hexahedron in the threedimensional space. The use of arbitrary-dimensional convex and non-convex polyhedrons as the geometrical basis of finite elements increases the flexibility of generating finite element decompositions substantially and is sometimes the only way to get a clear decomposition...},
  subject      = {Finite-Elemente-Methode},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Hoelzer2003,
  author    = {H{\"o}lzer, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems: Optimierungsmethoden in der interaktiven Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzung auf Basis von ERP und Feinplanung},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.308},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3080},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Seit die Datenverarbeitung in ihrer Komplexit{\"a}t sich der Thematik des Computer Integrated Manufacturing widmet geh{\"o}rt die Produktionsplanung und Steuerung zu jenen Bereichen, in denen eine Computerunterst{\"u}tzung am vordringlichsten erschien. Sp{\"a}ter sind betriebswirtschaftliche Gesamtl{\"o}sungen entstanden, die (bis heute recht unpr{\"a}zise) als Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)-Systeme bezeichnet werden und in ihren Logistik-Modulen auch Funktionen der Produktionsplanung abdecken. Alle bekannten MRP-, PPS- und auch ERP-Systeme beruhen auf einer Sukzessivplanung. Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) Systems finden seit etwa 1995 zunehmend Interesse. Neben Demand Planning, Production Planning and Scheduling, Distribution Planning, Transportation Planning und Supply Chain Planning werden L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r Anzahl und Standorte von Produktionsst{\"a}tten und Auslieferungslagern, Zuordnung zu Produktionsst{\"a}tten, Kapazit{\"a}tsbestimmung f{\"u}r Arbeitskr{\"a}fte und Betriebsmittel je Standort, Lagerhaltung je Teil und Lager, Bestimmung ben{\"o}tigter Transportmittel und H{\"a}ufigkeit ihres Einsatzes, Zuordnung von Lagern zu Produktionsst{\"a}tten von M{\"a}rkten zu Lagern u.a.m. von APS-Systemen erwartet. D.h. APS-Systeme erg{\"a}nzen ERP-L{\"o}sungen, nutzen die bereits durch das ERP-System vorhandenen Daten und ben{\"o}tigen neuartige Algorithmen und (Meta-) Heuristiken. Im Rahmen des Vortrages werden Modelle und Echtzeitalgorithmen zur Optimierung der Logistik f{\"u}r Prozesse mit kurzfristigen Anforderungen, geographisch verteilter Produktion, Lagerhaltung der Ausgangs-, Zwischen- und Endprodukte und wechselnden Transport-Bedingungen aus der Sicht der praktischen Umsetzung und Anwendung in Form einer ASP-L{\"o}sung aufgezeigt und diskutiert.},
  subject      = {Produktionsplanung},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{SariyildizSchwenck1997,
  author    = {Sariyildiz, Sevil and Schwenck, M.},
  title     = {An Integrated Software Environment for the Architectural Design Process},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.444},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4447},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {The general motivation of this research is to develop software to support the handling of the increased complexity of architectural design. In this paper we describe a system providing general support during the whole process. Instead of only developing design tools we are also addressing the problem of the operating environment of these tools. We conclude that design tools have to be integrated in an open, modular, distributed, user friendly and efficient environment. Two major fields have to be addressed - the development of design tools and the realisation of an integrated system as their operation environment. We will briefly focus on the latter by discussing known technologies in the field of information technology and other design disciplines that can be used to realise such an environment. Regarding the first subject we have to state the need of a detailed tool specification. As a solution we suggest a strategy where the tool functions are specified on the basis of a transformation, where a hierarchical process model is mapped into specifications of different design tools realising appropriate support for all sub-processes of architectural design. Using this strategy the main steps to develop such a support system are: implementation of a framework as basis for the integrated design system decision whether the tool specification are already implemented in available tools in this case these tools can be integrated using known methods for tool coupling otherwise new design tools have to be developed according to the framework},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HassanShelbournCarter2004,
  author    = {Hassan, Tarek and Shelbourn, Mark and Carter, Chris},
  title     = {Collaboration in Construction: Legal and Contractual Issues in ICT Applications},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2007},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2005},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The construction industry is a project-based business bringing together many different organisations to complete a desired goal. The strategic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has enabled this goal to be completed more effectively. Two issues require addressing, the technology itself and the implementation factors of the technology. Such implementation factors should consider, among other factors, the legal and contractual issues associated with the use of ICT, training requirements and its effects on the organisational culture. To date the legal and contractual issues have not been extensively covered, and it is recognised that the technologies have not been properly covered by any recognised legal and contractual practices. This in turn is threatening to inhibit the growth and prosperity of the use of the technology on construction projects. This paper discusses these legal and contractual issues and describes methods and tools that can be used to enable the growth of technology to be used in a legal and contractually valid environment.},
  subject      = {Forschung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ElRayesHyari2004,
  author    = {El-Rayes, Khaled and Hyari, Khalied},
  title     = {A Multi-objective Model for Optimizing Construction Planning of Repetitive Infrastructure Projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.213},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2135},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper presents the development of a model for optimizing resource utilization in repetitive infrastructure projects. The model provides the capability of simultaneous minimization of both project duration and work interruptions for construction crews. The model provides in a single run, a set of nondominated solutions that represent the tradeoff between these two objectives. The model incorporates a multiobjective genetic algorithm and scheduling algorithm. The model initially generates a randomly selected set of solutions that evolves to a near optimal set of tradeoff solutions in subsequent generations. Each solution represents a unique scheduling solution that is associated with certain project duration and a number of interruption days for utilized construction crews. As such, the model provides project planners with alternative schedules along with their expected duration and resource utilization efficiency.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FloodIssaAbuShdid2004,
  author    = {Flood, Ian and Issa, Raja and Abu-Shdid, Caesar},
  title     = {Developments in Hyper Real-Time Simulation of Transient Heat-Flow in Buildings},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.196},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1961},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper reports on the latest results in the development of a new approach for simulating the thermal behavior of buildings that overcomes the limitations of conventional heat-transfer simulation methods such as FDM and FEM. The proposed technique uses a coarse-grain approach to model development whereby each element represents a complete building component such as a wall, internal space, or floor. The thermal behavior of each coarse-grain element is captured using empirical modeling techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs). The main advantages of the approach compared to conventional simulation methods are: (a) simplified model construction for the end-user; (b) simplified model reconfiguration; (c) significantly faster simulation runs (orders of magnitude faster for two and three-dimensional models); and (d) potentially more accurate results. The paper demonstrates the viability of the approach through a number of experiments with a model of a composite wall. The approach is shown to be able to sustain highly accurate longterm simulation runs, if the coarse-grain modeling elements are implemented as ANNs. In contrast, an implementation of the coarse-grain elements using a linear model is shown to function inaccurately and erratically. The paper concludes with an identification of on-going work and future areas for development of the technique.},
  subject      = {Hochschulbildung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Rueppel1997,
  author    = {R{\"u}ppel, Uwe},
  title     = {Multimediale Gestaltung von Bestandsverwaltungsprozessen im Bauwesen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.483},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4839},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Die Kosten f{\"u}r die Unterhaltung von Bauwerken {\"u}ber den Lebenszyklus sind im Vergleich zu den Planungs- und Herstellungskosten erheblich gr{\"o}ßer. Insbesondere setzt eine Reduzierung des Instandhaltungsaufwandes als Teilprozeß der Bestandsverwaltung das rechtzeitige Erkennen von Bausch{\"a}den und das vorausschauende Ergreifen von Gegenmaßnahmen voraus. Das planm{\"a}ßige Vorgehen beim Erkennen von Bausch{\"a}den, d.h. die regelm{\"a}ßige {\"U}berwachung baulicher Anlagen, dient nicht nur dem sparsamen Umgang mit vorhandenen Mitteln, sondern verringert auch die Gefahr des pl{\"o}tzlichen Versagens von tragenden Bauteilen. Dadurch werden Gefahren f{\"u}r die Nutzer der Bauwerke fr{\"u}hzeitig abgewendet. Die Notwendigkeit der systematischen Instandhaltung mit modernen Methoden wird auch in den Schlußfolgerungen des dritten Bauschadensberichts des Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r Raumordnung, Bauwesen und St{\"a}dtebau unterstrichen. Um den Zustand eines Bauteils festzustellen, werden ausreichende Informationen {\"u}ber Struktur, Material, Alter, Belastungen, Umweltbedingungen etc. ben{\"o}tigt. Zur Verarbeitung dieser F{\"u}lle von Informationen unterschiedlichen Typs (z.B. technische Dokumente, CAD-Zeichnungen, Photos etc.) bei der {\"U}berwachung und Dokumentation baulicher Anlagen ist eine geeignete DV-Unterst{\"u}tzung notwendig. Zur Verwaltung der komplexen Baustrukturinformationen werden objektorientierte Bauwerksmodelle ben{\"o}tigt. Zur bedarfsgerechten Aufbereitung der unterschiedlichen Informationsarten und -qualit{\"a}ten ist zus{\"a}tzlich eine multimediale Informationsverarbeitung sowohl intern als auch in der Benutzungsschnittstelle erforderlich. Im Beitrag werden die Grundlagen objektorientierter Methoden zur Bauwerksmodellierung sowie von Multimedia mit den Bereichen Text, Graphik (Vektor- und Pixelgraphik), Audio, Photo und Video einschließlich deren Verkn{\"u}pfungsm{\"o}glichkeiten im Sinne von Hypermedia an Beispielen erl{\"a}utert. Zus{\"a}tzlich werden aktuelle Entwicklungstendenzen im Bereich der Telekommunikation mit den M{\"o}glichkeiten des Computernetzes INTERNET zur Bestandsverwaltung in verteilten Systemen aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden Anwendungen der objektorientierten und multimedialen Informationsverarbeitung in der t{\"a}glichen Ingenieurpraxis am Beispiel des DV-Systems BestandManager zur {\"U}berwachung und Dokumentation baulicher Anlagen vorgestellt.},
  subject      = {Bauwerk},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KaklauskasCervenkaCervenka2004,
  author    = {Kaklauskas, Gintaris and Cervenka, Vladimir and Cervenka, Jan},
  title     = {Deflection Calculation of RC Beams: Finite Element Software versus Design Code Methods},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.249},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2498},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The paper investigates accuracy of deflection predictions made by the finite element package ATENA and design code methods ACI and EC2. Deflections have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported by three investigators. Statistical parameters have been established for each of the technique at different load levels, separately for the beams with small and moderate reinforcement ratio.},
  subject      = {Finite-Elemente-Methode},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MinchTrochanowski1997,
  author    = {Minch, M. J. and Trochanowski, A.},
  title     = {The numerical Modelling and Analysis of RC cracked Structures},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.527},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5278},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this paper is to review model for finite element techniques for non-linear crack analysis of reinforced concrete beams and slabs. The non-linear behaviour of concrete and steel were described. Some calculations of >self-stress< for concrete and reinforced concrete beam was made. Current computational aspects are discussed. Several remarks for future studies are also given. The numerical model of the concrete and reinforced concrete was described. The paper shows the results of calculations on a reinforced concrete plane stress panel with cracks. The non-linear, numerical model of calculations of reinforced concrete was assumed. Using finite elements method some calculations were made. The results of calculations like displacements, stresses and cracking are shown on diagrams. They were compared with experimental results and other finding. Some conclusions about the described model and results of calculation are shown.},
  subject      = {Tragwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BiltchoukPahl2004,
  author    = {Biltchouk, Irina and Pahl, Peter Jan},
  title     = {Interaction of Data Bases and Graphical Interfaces in Civil Engineering},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.163},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1636},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Applications for civil engineering tasks usually contain graphical user interfaces for the engineering processes. Persistent objects of the applications are stored to data bases. The influence of the interaction between a graphical user interface and a data base for the development of an civil engineering application is investigated in this paper. A graphic application for the linear elastic analysis of plane frames, which was previously developed with standard tools of the Java platform, is compared to a redesigned implementation using a generalized data base for persistent objects. The investigation leads to the following results : - A strict distinction between persistent and transient objects influences the class structure of an application, in particular the class structure of a graphical user interface. - The structure of an application depends on the logic for updating of references to persistent and transient graphical objects after an application is read from a file. - The complexity of the reference management can usually be handled better by just in time referencing associated with String - identifiers rather than by automated referencing associated with Name - identifiers.},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TonnWolkowiczThurow2004,
  author    = {Tonn, Christian and Wolkowicz, Christian and Thurow, Torsten},
  title     = {Plausibility in Architectural Design - DOMEdesign - Software Support for the formal shaping and architect-oriented design of shell structures},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.181},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1812},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Complex gridshell structures used in architecturally ambitious constructions remain as appealing as ever in the public realm. This paper describes the theory and approach behind the software realisation of a tool which helps in finding the affine self-weight geometry of gridshell structures. The software tool DOMEdesign supports the formal design process of lattice and grid shell structures based upon the laws of physics. The computer-aided simulation of suspension models is used to derive structurally favourable forms for domes and arches subject to compression load, based upon the input of simple architectonic parameters. Irregular plans, three-dimensional topography, a choice different kinds of shell lattice structures and the desired height of the dome are examples of design parameters which can be used to modify the architectural design. The provision of data export formats for structural dimensioning and visualisation software enables engineers and planners to use the data in future planning and to communicate the design to the client.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MittrupSmarslyHartmann2003,
  author    = {Mittrup, Ingo and Smarsly, Kay and Hartmann, Dietrich},
  title     = {Implementierung eines webbasierten Talsperren-Monitoring-Systems},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.334},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3347},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Die Bauwerks{\"u}berwachung gewinnt aus sicherheitstechnischen sowie aus wirtschaftlichen Gr{\"u}nden zunehmend an Bedeutung. Nicht nur die Bauwerkssicherheit kann durch leistungsf{\"a}hige Monitoring-Systeme angemessen beurteilt, auch die Nutzungsdauer bestehender Bauwerke kann durch die gewonnenen Informationen deutlich verl{\"a}ngert werden. Das vorliegende Papier beschreibt die Entwicklung eines webbasierten Talsperren-Monitoring-Systems, das die automatisierte Erfassung von Daten vor Ort sowie die computergest{\"u}tzte Aufbereitung und Analyse der gesammelten Messdaten erm{\"o}glicht. Das Monitoring-System ist durch seinen modularen Aufbau nicht auf die Talsperren-{\"U}berwachung beschr{\"a}nkt, sondern kann ohne großen Aufwand an andere {\"U}berwachungsaufgaben angepasst werden. Das System besteht aus drei wesentlichen Modulen: (i) einer erweiterbaren Klassenbibliothek, die die Steuerung der im Bauwerk installierten Messelektronik erm{\"o}glicht, (ii) einem webbasierten Datenerfassungsmodul, das neben der automatischen Datenerfassung eine Fernsteuerung der Messelektronik erlaubt und Funktionen zur Verwaltung der {\"U}berwachungsaufgaben bereitstellt, sowie (iii) einem webbasierten Visualisierungs- und Auswertungsmodul zur Aufbereitung und Analyse der gesammelten Daten. Alle an der {\"U}berwachung beteiligten Mitarbeiter k{\"o}nnen mit einem {\"u}blichen Web-Browser {\"u}ber das Internet auf das entwickelte System zugreifen; ein Zugriff mittels Mobiltelefon ist alternativ m{\"o}glich. Das implementierte Talsperren-Monitoring-System begleitet die beteiligten Fachleute von der Erfassung der Daten vor Ort bis hin zur Aufbereitung und Analyse der Messdaten an zentraler Stelle: Die Mitarbeiter werden durch einen einfachen Zugriff auf die installierte Messelektronik, automatisierte Messungen und umfangreiche Analysefunktionalit{\"a}ten bei ihren spezifischen Aufgaben unterst{\"u}tzt. Der bisherige manuelle Arbeitsaufwand f{\"u}r Datenerfassung, -transfer und Analyse wird somit deutlich reduziert.},
  subject      = {Talsperre},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Schutte2000,
  author    = {Schutte, Gerrit},
  title     = {Zur Ermittlung von Spannungen am Rand eines elastischen Kontinuums},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.613},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-6135},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {F{\"u}r den Entwurf von Ingenieurbauten ist eine zuverl{\"a}ssige Prognose {\"u}ber den Spannungsverlauf im Bauwerk und auf dessen Rand von großer Bedeutung. Eine geschlossene L{\"o}sung der elastischen Bestimmungsgleichungen des Bauwerks ist in der Regel nicht verf{\"u}gbar. Es wird daher unter Verwendung der Methode der gewichteten Reste eine schwache Form der Gleichungen abgeleitet, die zu einem gemischten Arbeitsprinzip f{\"u}hrt. Das zugeh{\"o}rige Finite-Elemente-Modell erlaubt es Spannungen am Rand des Bauwerks zu ermitteln, die im Gleichgewicht zu den angreifenden Lasten stehen.},
  subject      = {Kontinuum},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Masih2000,
  author    = {Masih, Rusk},
  title     = {EFFECT OF DEMOLITION ON REMAINING PART OF CONCRETE BRIDGE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS VS. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.603},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-6032},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {The US Department of Highways is embarked on a very ambitious program to renovate much of the bridges and highways allover the USA. While it is doing so, it is also trying to take advantage of using such program to enhance the research for future programs. One of those projects is a 1000 ft. (305 m) long concrete bridge in the State of Vermont, located in the North East of USA. It is scheduled for renovation, in which the deck and its side parapet walls will be replaced. New England Transportation Consortium (NETC) decided to make further use of this project to find what effect will the heavy demolition tools have on the concrete to remain in place. The goal is to find out the extent of the experimental measurement agreement with the analytical results. In order to accomplish such a goal, numerous strain gages were installed at and in the vicinity of the demolition areas. Those gages will measure the effect of the demolition on the adjacent areas, and how far the destructive effect of the powerful demolition tools can propagate through different parts of the structure. The gages are connected to National Instruments data acquisition equipment, which is connected to a lap top computer to save all the acquired data. The analytical part the project will be using the energy method, which means that the energy applied by the demolition tools should equal the energy absorbed by the demolished structure, in elastic and plastic deformation forms.},
  subject      = {Betonbr{\"u}cke},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KravchenkoKravchenko2003,
  author    = {Kravchenko, Viktor and Kravchenko, Vladislav},
  title     = {On the Factorization of the Schr{\"o}dinger Operator and Its Applications for Studying Some First Order Systems of Mathematical Physics},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.325},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3251},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {With the aid of factorization of the Schr{\"o}dinger operator by quaternionic differential operators of first order proposed in recent works by S. Bernstein and K. G{\"u}rlebeck we study the system describing forcefree magnetic fields with nonconstant proportionality factor, the static Maxwell system for inhomogeneous media, the Beltrami condition and the Dirac equation with different types of potentials depending on one variable. We obtain integral representations for solutions of these systems.},
  subject      = {Mathematische Physik},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Oestman1997,
  author    = {{\"O}stman, L.},
  title     = {Knowledge Elicitation through a Pragmatic Inquiry},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.454},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4547},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {This is a paper about knowledge in design and how to elicit knowledge from design processes. The paper is a preparation for an empirical study of interaction in the design process. Reasonings of three authors - Sch{\"o}n, Broadbent and Lundequist - on design processes is presented. They all have a pragmatic perspective in common, and regard the process as an activity without a definite form. Design is seen as an activity of creating models of forms and shapes, by addressing expert knowledge ­ in a dialogic way ­ to problematic situations. Due to the pragmatic approach I find the pragmatist Dewey´s understanding of knowledge and elecitation of knowledge appropiate for studying design processes. According to him it is possible to build up objectified descriptions of experiences, also of such, which are based on experiences of emotional and intuitive nature. There need not be a definite border, which separates tacit knowledge from explicit knowledge - when it comes to the question of the possibility of verbal descriptions. Tacit knowledge is possible to articulate within pragmatic thinking. The conclusion is, that it is possible to study the tacit knowledge of design processes, and get some qualitative insights useful for theory building. A study of design processes can look at three different forms of knowledge. It appears as a pre­cognitive understanding of the design situation, as integrated in the design activity - seeing the situation as something known - and in the process of creating something new.},
  subject      = {Entwurf},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Dudek1997,
  author    = {Dudek, Mariusz},
  title     = {Zur Bewertung der Struktur von Verkehrsnetzen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.463},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4634},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {In diese Ver{\"o}ffentlichung werden die Kennziffern dargestellt, die zur Beurteilung der Struktur von Verkehrsnetzen behilflich sein k{\"o}nnen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die Graphentheorie angewendet. Eine erste Gruppe von Bewertungen st{\"u}tzt sich auf die Anzahl der Knoten und B{\"o}gen des Netzes. Detailliertere Informationen {\"u}ber Engp{\"a}sse oder Schwachstellen im Verkehrsnetz erh{\"a}lt man durch die Analyse der Kantenzusammenhangs. Die Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit der einzelnen Verkehrsarten , ihre Bewertung und Maßnahmen, sie zu verbessern werden vorgeschlagen und diskutiert. Weiteren Untersuchungen werden angeregt.},
  subject      = {Verkehrsnetz},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BonevHristov2000,
  author    = {Bonev, Z. and Hristov, H.},
  title     = {BEHAVIOR FACTOR EVALUATION BASED ON SDOF SYSTEM PRESENTATION AND ENERGY APPROACH},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.570},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5702},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Rectangular steel frames are considered and subjected to strong ground motion. Their behavior factor is numerically evaluated using nonlinear time history analysis and different ground acceleration records. The behavior factor is determined assuming severe collapse mechanism occurs throughout the time history. The system of equations is transformed into single equation end then the energy balance concept is applied. The expression for the behavior factor is derived and its application to four story two bays steel frame is illustrated and the corresponding results are discussed.},
  subject      = {Rahmentragwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KatranuschkovGehreScherer2004,
  author    = {Katranuschkov, Peter and Gehre, Alexander and Scherer, Raimar J.},
  title     = {User Requirements Capture in Distributed Project Environments: A Process-centred Approach},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.202},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2029},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Efforts to define standards for representing AEC/FM data have been fairly successful. However defining a standard reference process model has not met with the same success. Yet almost every conceptual modelling or software development project starts by defining the business processes to be supported and the related requirements to be satisfied. This paper describes a new process-centred methodology for user requirements capture developed in the ICCI project (IST-2001-33022). Its essence is in recognising user requirements and use cases in the context of the real construction process, identifying the actors and roles for each individual activity and associating these activities with information, communication and standardisation requirements on the basis of a formalised specification, named the Process Matrix. In the paper we outline the history of process matrix development, introduce the basic structure of the matrix and show how it can be further extended and refined. We present also a web-based software implementation of the developed approach, describe how it has been used in ICCI and outline further perspectives.},
  subject      = {Informationstechnik},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RaueWeitzmann2004,
  author    = {Raue, Erich and Weitzmann, R{\"u}diger},
  title     = {Analysis and Design of Hybrid Structures using Optimization Strategies},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.102},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1023},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The paper gives a general overview and concerns with a specified set of computer-aided analysis modules for hybrid structures loaded by extreme excitations. All problems are solved by methods of linear, quadratic or nonlinear mathematical optimization, that leads to very effective and economic design solutions. All approaches are derived from general optimization problem that can be easily altered to conform to specific design tasks. Some advantages and possibilities of hybrid structural modeling (single or mixed model-supported) are discussed. The methods will be illustrated by an example structure and optimization schemes.},
  subject      = {Konzipieren <Technik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{QuerengaesserWernerFirmenich2000,
  author    = {Quereng{\"a}sser, Stephan and Werner, Frank and Firmenich, Berthold},
  title     = {Durchg{\"a}ngiges Informationsmanagement f{\"u}r den Bauprozeß von Einfamilienh{\"a}usern},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.589},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5892},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Informations-und Kommunikationtechniken haben im Bauwesen noch nicht die gew{\"u}nschten Vorteile f{\"u}r Kosten und Qualit{\"a}t von Bauobjekten erzielt. Die Vielfalt der daf{\"u}r genutzten Systeme und Formate f{\"u}hrt h{\"a}ufig zu Redundanzen und Informationsverlusten in den Planungs- und Bauprozessen sowie Problemen beim Datenaustausch zwischen den Systemen. Durch die Datenmengen, die in CAD, AVA, Terminplanung, Tabellenkalkulation, Textverarbeitung etc. durch unterschiedliche Beteiligte erzeugt werden, ist dar{\"u}ber hinaus das Risiko einer unterschiedlichen Datenaktualit{\"a}t enorm. Als Konsequenz dieser Erkenntnisse bestand die Aufgabe, eine ganzheitliche und durchg{\"a}ngige Produkt- und Prozeßstrategie f{\"u}r den preiswerten Einfamilienhausbau zu entwickeln. Die Grundlage daf{\"u}r bildet ein komplexes System von rationellen Entwurfsregeln, Konstruktionsl{\"o}sungen und Bau- und Baustofflogistikkonzepten auf der Basis moderner Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien.},
  subject      = {Einfamilienhaus},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MaQin2004,
  author    = {Ma, Zhiliang and Qin, Liang},
  title     = {A Framework of Management Information System for Construction Projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.212},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2126},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A comprehensive framework of information management system for construction projects in China has been established through extensive literature survey and field investigation. It utilizes the potential information technologies and covers the practical management patterns as well as the major aspects of construction project management. It can be used to guide and evaluate the design of the information management systems for construction projects in order to make the system to be applicable to a wide variety of construction projects and survive the changes in project management.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EirinhevskyDikhnyakEirichevskyetal.1997,
  author    = {{\^E}irinhevsky, V. V. and D{\^i}khnyak, B. M. and {\^E}irichevsky, R. V. and {\^E}{\^i}zub, Y. G.},
  title     = {Determination of the Temperature of Dissipative Warming and Parameters of Fracture in Elastomers with using of Singular Finite Elements},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.547},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5471},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {For modeling of singular fields of stresses and deformations in elasters with a crack is offered to use of three-dimesional a special finite element. Weak compessible of elasters is taken into account on the basis of threefold approximation of fields of displacements, deformations and function of volume change. At intensive cyclic loading of the elastomer constructions with a crack it is necessary to take into account warming and large deformations at the crack top. The stress-deformed state elasters with a crack is determined from the decision of a nonlinear problem by a modified method Newton-Kantorovich. Account stress intensity factors for a rectangular plate with a various arrangement of a through crack is executed. Process of development of a surface crack and dissipative warming in prismatic a element of shift is investigated.},
  subject      = {Elastomer},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MaWongYang2004,
  author    = {Ma, Zhiliang and Wong, K. D. and Yang, Jun},
  title     = {An Approach to Utilizing Exchanged Documents in Construction Projects Based on Data Warehouse Technology},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.122},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1227},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {There are many construction projects in China and mass documents are exchanged among the multi-party, including the owner, the contractor and the engineer in the projects. Based on previous studies, an approach to the utilization of the exchanged documents is established by using data warehouse technology and a prototype system called EXPLYZER is developed. The approach and the prototype system are verified through their application in a construction project. It is concluded that the approach can support the decision-making in project management.},
  subject      = {Bauwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KangMiranda2004,
  author    = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo},
  title     = {Automated Simulation of the Erection Activities in Virtual Construction},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.231},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2310},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The goal of the research is the development of a computer system to plan, simulate and visualize erection processes in construction. In the research construction cranes are treated as robots with predefined degrees of freedom and crane-specific motion planning techniques are developed to generate time-optimized and collision-free paths for each piece to be erected in the project. Using inverse kinematics and structural dynamics simulation, the computer system then computes the crane motions and velocities necessary to achieve the previously calculated paths. The main benefits of the research are the accurate planning and scheduling of crane operations leading to optimization of crane usage and project schedules, as well as improving overall crane safety in the project. This research is aimed at the development of systems that will allow computer-assisted erection of civil infrastructure and ultimately to achieve fully-automated erection processes using robotic cranes...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeubergFankEkkerlein2004,
  author    = {Neuberg, Frank and Fank, Ernst and Ekkerlein, Christian},
  title     = {Integrated Life Cycle Simulation and Assessment of Buildings},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.235},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2351},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Buildings require both for construction and, due to their comparatively long life cycle for maintenance, significant raw material and energy resources. So far available knowledge about resource consumption during an entire life cycle of a building is still quite rare, because various criteria affect each other and/or overlay mutually. In this contribution a model based software concept is presented using an integrated approach for life cycle simulation and assessment of buildings. The essential point of the development consists of connecting an IFC compliant product model of a building via the Internet with data bases for the resource and energy requirement of building materials. Furthermore, numerical simulations allow calculating and minimizing the energy consumption, the resource requirement, the waste streams and also the noxious emissions. In the context of this paper we present the first release of software programs for architects and engineers, which help them to evaluate their design decisions objectively in early planning steps. Additionally the usage of the software is demonstrated by a test case study for a real world building. By applying this software in practice a substantial contribution for saving energy and natural resources can be provided in the sense of sustainable and ecological building design.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GebbekenBaumhauerIonita2004,
  author    = {Gebbeken, Norbert and Baumhauer, Andreas and Ionita, Mihai},
  title     = {Increasing the Reliability and Performance through Automatization and Parallel Working},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.139},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1397},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Re-examination of the behaviour of structures can be necessary due to deterioration or changes in the traffic situation during their lifetime. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used in order to accomplish numerical analysis. Considering the development of computer performance, more detailed FEM models can be analyzed, even on site, with mobile computers. To compensate the increasing amount of data needed for the model input, measures need to be taken to save time, by distributing the work. In order to provide consistency to the model, fedback data must be checked upon reception. A local wireless computer network of ultra-portable devices linked together with a computer can provide the coordination necessary for efficient parallel working. Based on a digital model consisting of all data gathered, structural modelling and numerical analysis are performed automatically. Thus, the user is released from the work that can be automatized and the time needed for the overall analysis of a structure is decreased.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SemenovAlekseevaTarlapan2004,
  author    = {Semenov, Vitaly and Alekseeva, Elena and Tarlapan, Oleg},
  title     = {Virtual Construction using Map-based Approach},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.244},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2447},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The paper presents a general map-based approach to prototyping of products in virtual reality environments. Virtual prototyping of products is considered as a consistent simulation and visualization process mapping the source product model into its target visual representations. The approach enables to interrelate formally the product and visual information models with each other by defining mapping rules, to specify a prototyping scenario as a composition of map instances, and then to explore particular product models in virtual reality environments by interpreting the composed scenario. Having been realized, the proposed approach provides for the strongly formalized method and the common software framework to build virtual prototyping applications. As a result, the applications gain in expressiveness, reusability and reliability, as well as take on additional runtime flexibility...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KiviniemiFischer2004,
  author    = {Kiviniemi, Arto and Fischer, Martin},
  title     = {Requirements Management Interface to Building Product Models},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.242},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2427},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In current AEC practice client requirements are typically recorded in a building program, which, depending on the building type, covers various aspects from the overall goals, activities and spatial needs to very detailed material and condition requirements. This documentation is used as the starting point of the design process, but as the design progresses, it is usually left aside and changes are made incrementally based on the previous design solution. These incremental small changes can lead to a solution that may no longer meet the original requirements. In addition, design is by nature an iterative process and the proposed solutions often also cause evolution in the client requirements. However, the requirements documentation is usually not updated accordingly. Finding the latest updates and evolution of the requirements from the documentation is very difficult, if not impossible. This process can lead to an end result, which is significantly different from the documented requirements. Some important requirements may not be satisfied, and even if the design process was based on agreed-upon changes in the scope and requirements, differences in the requirements documents and in the completed building can lead to well-justified doubts about the quality of the design and construction process...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KangMiranda2004,
  author    = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo},
  title     = {Physics Based Model for Simulating the Dynamics of Tower Cranes},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.240},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2409},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoltzhauerSaal2004,
  author    = {Holtzhauer, Eric and Saal, Helmut},
  title     = {Product modelling in the steel construction domain},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.241},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2415},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The complexity of the relationships between the actors of a building project requires high efficiency in communication. Among other things, data sharing is crucial. The exchange of data is made possible by interfaces between expert programs, which rely on product models. The latter are neutral standards with formal definitions of building objects and their attributes. This paper deals with the state of the art and the research activities concerning product models in the steel construction domain and the advantages provided by this technology for the sector.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}