@article{SalandinArnoldKornadt,
  author    = {Salandin, Andrea and Arnold, J{\"o}rg and Kornadt, Oliver},
  title     = {Noise in an intensive care unit},
  series = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  volume    = {2011},
  journal   = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  number    = {130 (6)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3264},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170713-32649},
  pages     = {3754 -- 3760},
  abstract  = {Patients and staff in hospitals are exposed to a complex sound environment with rather high noise levels. In intensive care units, the main noise sources are hospital staff on duty and medical equipment, which generates both operating noise and acoustic alarms. Although noise in most cases is produced during activities for the purpose of saving life, noise can induce significant changes in the depth and quality of sleep and negatively affect health in general. Results of a survey of hospital staff are presented as well as measurements in two German hospital wards: a standard two-bed room and a special Intermediate Care Unit (IMC-Unit), each in a different Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Sound pressure data were collected over a 48 hour period and converted into different levels (LAFeq, LAFmax, LAFmin, LAF 5\%), as well as a rating level LAr, which is used to take tonality and impulsiveness into account. An analysis of the survey and the measured data, together with a comparison of thresholds of national and international regulations and standards describe the acoustic situation and its likely noise effects on staff and patients.},
  subject      = {L{\"a}rm},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DokhanchiArnoldVogeletal.2020,
  author    = {Dokhanchi, Najmeh Sadat and Arnold, J{\"o}rg and Vogel, Albert and V{\"o}lker, Conrad},
  title     = {Measurement of indoor air temperature distribution using acoustic travel-time tomography: Optimization of transducers location and sound-ray coverage of the room},
  series = {Measurement},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {Measurement},
  number    = {Volume 164, article 107934},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107934},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220524-46473},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Acoustic travel-time TOMography (ATOM) allows the measurement and reconstruction of air temperature distributions. Due to limiting factors, such as the challenge of travel-time estimation of the early reflections in the room impulse response, which heavily depends on the position of transducers inside the measurement area, ATOM is applied mainly outdoors. To apply ATOM in buildings, this paper presents a numerical solution to optimize the positions of transducers. This optimization avoids reflection overlaps, leading to distinguishable travel-times in the impulse response reflectogram. To increase the accuracy of the measured temperature within tomographic voxels, an additional function is employed to the proposed numerical method to minimize the number of sound-path-free voxels, ensuring the best sound-ray coverage of the room. Subsequently, an experimental set-up has been performed to verify the proposed numerical method. The results indicate the positive impact of the optimal positions of transducers on the distribution of ATOM-temperatures.},
  subject      = {Bauphysik},
  language  = {en}
}