@inproceedings{KoenigTreyerSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Treyer, Lukas and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {Graphical smalltalk with my optimization system for urban planning tasks},
  series = {31st eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  booktitle = {31st eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  publisher = {TU Delft},
  address   = {Delft, Netherlands},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2517},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25171},
  pages     = {195 -- 203},
  abstract  = {Based on the description of a conceptual framework for the representation of planning problems on various scales, we introduce an evolutionary design optimization system. This system is exemplified by means of the generation of street networks with locally defined properties for centrality. We show three different scenarios for planning requirements and evaluate the resulting structures with respect to the requirements of our framework. Finally the potentials and challenges of the presented approach are discussed in detail.},
  subject      = {St{\"a}dtebau},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{KoenigTapiasSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Tapias, Estefania and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation: Documentation of teaching results from the spring semester 2015},
  organization    = {ETH Zurich},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2505},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25052},
  pages     = {76},
  abstract  = {Documentation of teaching results from the spring semester 2015 at the chair of Information Architecture at ETH Zurich},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {CPlan: An Open Source Library for Computational Analysis and Synthesis},
  series = {33rd eCAADe Conference},
  booktitle = {33rd eCAADe Conference},
  editor    = {Martens, Bob and Wurzer, G, Gabriel and Grasl, Tomas and Lorenz, Wolfgang and Schaffranek, Richard},
  publisher = {Vienna University of Technology},
  address   = {Vienna},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2503},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25037},
  pages     = {245 -- 250},
  abstract  = {Some caad packages offer additional support for the optimization of spatial configurations, but the possibilities for applying optimization are usually limited either by the complexity of the data model or by the constraints of the underlying caad system. Since we missed a system that allows to experiment with optimization techniques for the synthesis of spatial configurations, we developed a collection of methods over the past years. This collection is now combined in the presented open source library for computational planning synthesis, called CPlan. The aim of the library is to provide an easy to use programming framework with a flat learning curve for people with basic programming knowledge. It offers an extensible structure that allows to add new customized parts for various purposes. In this paper the existing functionality of the CPlan library is described.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Vogler,
  author    = {Vogler, Verena},
  title     = {A framework for artificial coral reef design: Integrating computational modelling and high precision monitoring strategies for artificial coral reefs - an Ecosystem-aware design approach in times of climate change},
  isbn      = {978-3-00-074495-2},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4611},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220322-46115},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {243},
  abstract  = {Tropical coral reefs, one of the world's oldest ecosystems which support some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet, are currently facing an unprecedented ecological crisis during this massive human-activity-induced period of extinction. Hence, tropical reefs symbolically stand for the destructive effects of human activities on nature [4], [5]. Artificial reefs are excellent examples of how architectural design can be combined with ecosystem regeneration [6], [7], [8]. However, to work at the interface between the artificial and the complex and temporal nature of natural systems presents a challenge, i.a. in respect to the B-rep modelling legacy of computational modelling. The presented doctorate investigates strategies on how to apply digital practice to realise what is an essential bulwark to retain reefs in impossibly challenging times. Beyond the main question of integrating computational modelling and high precision monitoring strategies in artificial coral reef design, this doctorate explores techniques, methods, and linking frameworks to support future research and practice in ecology led design contexts. Considering the many existing approaches for artificial coral reefs design, one finds they often fall short in precisely understanding the relationships between architectural and ecological aspects (e.g. how a surface design and material composition can foster coral larvae settlement, or structural three-dimensionality enhance biodiversity) and lack an integrated underwater (UW) monitoring process. Such a process is necessary in order to gather knowledge about the ecosystem and make it available for design, and to learn whether artificial structures contribute to reef regeneration or rather harm the coral reef ecosystem. For the research, empirical experimental methods were applied: Algorithmic coral reef design, high precision UW monitoring, computational modelling and simulation, and validated through parallel real-world physical experimentation - two Artificial Reef Prototypes (ARPs) in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia (2012-today). Multiple discrete methods and sub techniques were developed in seventeen computational experiments and applied in a way in which many are cross valid and integrated in an overall framework that is offered as a significant contribution to the field. Other main contributions include the Ecosystem-aware design approach, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for coral reef design, algorithmic design and fabrication of Biorock cathodes, new high precision UW monitoring strategies, long-term real-world constructed experiments, new digital analysis methods and two new front-end web-based tools for reef design and monitoring reefs. The methodological framework is a finding of the research that has many technical components that were tested and combined in this way for the very first time. In summary, the thesis responds to the urgency and relevance in preserving marine species in tropical reefs during this massive extinction period by offering a differentiated approach towards artificial coral reefs - demonstrating the feasibility of digitally designing such 'living architecture' according to multiple context and performance parameters. It also provides an in-depth critical discussion of computational design and architecture in the context of ecosystem regeneration and Planetary Thinking. In that respect, the thesis functions as both theoretical and practical background for computational design, ecology and marine conservation - not only to foster the design of artificial coral reefs technically but also to provide essential criteria and techniques for conceiving them. Keywords: Artificial coral reefs, computational modelling, high precision underwater monitoring, ecology in design.},
  subject      = {Korallenriff},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigStandfestSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Standfest, Matthias and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization for building layout planning: Exemplary application based on the PSSA framework},
  series = {32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  journal   = {32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  editor    = {Thompson, Emine Mine},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2513},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25139},
  pages     = {567 -- 574},
  abstract  = {When working on urban planning projects there are usually multiple aspects to consider. Often these aspects are contradictory and it is not possible to choose one over the other; instead, they each need to be fulfilled as well as possible. Planners typically draw on past experience when subjectively prioritising which aspects to consider with which degree of importance for their planning concepts. This practice, although understandable, places power and authority in the hands of people who have varying degrees of expertise, which means that the best possible solution is not always found, because it is either not sought or the problem is regarded as being too complex for human capabilities. To improve this situation, the project presented here shows the potential of multi-criteria optimisation algorithms using the example of a new housing layout for an urban block. In addition it is shown, how Self-Organizing-Maps can be used to visualise multi-dimensional solution spaces in an easy analysable and comprehensible form.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigKnecht,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Knecht, Katja},
  title     = {Comparing two evolutionary algorithm based methods for layout generation: Dense packing versus subdivision},
  series = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing},
  journal   = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing},
  pages     = {285 -- 299},
  abstract  = {We present and compare two evolutionary algorithm based methods for rectangular architectural layout generation: dense packing and subdivision algorithms.We analyze the characteristics of the two methods on the basis of three floor plan sce- narios. Our analyses include the speed with which solutions are generated, the reliability with which optimal solutions can be found, and the number of different solutions that can be found overall. In a following step, we discuss the methods with respect to their different user interaction capabilities. In addition, we show that each method has the capability to generate more complex L-shaped layouts. Finally,we conclude that neither of the methods is superior but that each of them is suitable for use in distinct application scenarios because of its different properties.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TreyerKleinKoenigetal.,
  author    = {Treyer, Lukas and Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Meixner, Christine},
  title     = {Lightweight urban computation interchange (LUCI) system},
  series = {FOSS4G 2015 Conference},
  booktitle = {FOSS4G 2015 Conference},
  publisher = {FOSS4G},
  address   = {Seoul, South Korea},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2504},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25042},
  pages     = {12},
  abstract  = {In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of a calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schneider,
  author    = {Schneider, Sven},
  title     = {Sichtbarkeitsbasierte Raumerzeugung - Automatisierte Erzeugung r{\"a}umlicher Konfigurationen in Architektur und St{\"a}dtebau auf Basis sichtbarkeitsbasierter Raumrepr{\"a}sentationen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2590},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160613-25900},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {225},
  abstract  = {Das Erzeugen r{\"a}umlicher Konfigurationen ist eine zentrale Aufgabe im architektonischen bzw. st{\"a}dtebaulichen Entwurfsprozess und hat zum Ziel, eine f{\"u}r Menschen angenehme Umwelt zu schaffen. Der Geometrie der entstehenden R{\"a}ume kommt hierbei eine zentrale Rolle zu, da sie einen großen Einfluss auf das Empfinden und Verhalten der Menschen aus{\"u}bt und nur noch mit großem Aufwand ver{\"a}ndert werden kann, wenn sie einmal gebaut wurde. Die meisten Entscheidungen zur Festlegung der Geometrie von R{\"a}umen werden w{\"a}hrend eines sehr kurzen Zeitraums (Entwurfsphase) getroffen. Fehlentscheidungen die in dieser Phase getroffen werden haben langfristige Auswirkungen auf das Leben von Menschen, und damit auch Konsequenzen auf {\"o}konomische und {\"o}kologische Aspekte. Mittels computerbasierten Layoutsystemen l{\"a}sst sich der Entwurf r{\"a}umlicher Konfigurationen sinnvoll unterst{\"u}tzen, da sie es erm{\"o}glichen, in k{\"u}rzester Zeit eine große Anzahl an Varianten zu erzeugen und zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen. Daraus ergeben sich zwei Vorteile. Erstens kann die große Menge an Varianten dazu beitragen, bessere L{\"o}sungen zu finden. Zweitens kann das Formalisieren von Bewertungskriterien zu einer gr{\"o}ßeren Objektivit{\"a}t und Transparenz bei der L{\"o}sungsfindung f{\"u}hren. Um den Entwurf r{\"a}umlicher Konfigurationen optimal zu unterst{\"u}tzen, muss ein Layoutsystem in der Lage sein, ein m{\"o}glichst großes Spektrum an Grundrissvarianten zu erzeugen (Vielfalt); und zahlreiche M{\"o}glichkeiten und Detaillierungsstufen zur Problembeschreibung (Flexibilit{\"a}t), sowie Mittel anzubieten, mit denen sich die Anforderungen an die r{\"a}umliche Konfiguration ad{\"a}quat beschreiben lassen (Relevanz). Bez{\"u}glich Letzterem spielen wahrnehmungs- und nutzungsbezogene Kriterien (wie z. B. Grad an Privatheit, Gef{\"u}hl von Sicherheit, Raumwirkung, Orientierbarkeit, Potenzial zu sozialer Interaktion) eine wichtige Rolle. Die bislang entwickelten Layoutsysteme weisen hinsichtlich Vielfalt, Flexibilit{\"a}t und Relevanz wesentliche Beschr{\"a}nkungen auf, welche auf eine ungeeignete Methode zur Repr{\"a}sentation von R{\"a}umen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sind. Die in einem Layoutsystem verwendeten Raumrepr{\"a}sentationsmethoden bestimmen die M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Formerzeugung und Problembeschreibung wesentlich. Sichtbarkeitsbasierte Raumrepr{\"a}sentationen (Sichtfelder, Sichtachsen, Konvexe R{\"a}ume) eignen sich in besonderer Weise zur Abbildung von R{\"a}umen in Layoutsystemen, da sie einerseits ein umfangreiches Repertoire zur Verf{\"u}gung stellen, um r{\"a}umliche Konfigurationen hinsichtlich wahrnehmungs- und nutzungsbezogener Kriterien zu beschreiben. Andererseits lassen sie sich vollst{\"a}ndig aus der Geometrie der begrenzenden Oberfl{\"a}chen ableiten und sind nicht an bestimmte zur Formerzeugung verwendete geometrische Objekte gebunden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Layoutsystem entwickelt, welches auf diesen Raumrepr{\"a}sentationen basiert. Es wird ein Evaluationsmechanismus (EM) entwickelt, welcher es erm{\"o}glicht, beliebige zweidimensionale r{\"a}umliche Konfigurationen hinsichtlich wahrnehmungs- und nutzungsrelevanter Kriterien zu bewerten. Hierzu wurde eine Methodik entwickelt, die es erm{\"o}glicht automatisch Raumbereiche (O-Spaces und P-Spaces) zu identifizieren, welche bestimmte Eigenschaften haben (z.B. sichtbare Fl{\"a}che, Kompaktheit des Sichtfeldes, Tageslicht) und bestimmte Relationen zueinander (wie gegenseitige Sichtbarkeit, visuelle und physische Distanz) aufweisen. Der EM wurde mit Generierungsmechanismen (GM) gekoppelt, um zu pr{\"u}fen, ob dieser sich eignet, um in großen Variantenr{\"a}umen nach geeigneten r{\"a}umlichen Konfigurationen zu suchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Experimente zeigen, dass die entwickelte Methodik einen vielversprechenden Ansatz zur automatisierten Erzeugung von r{\"a}umlichen Konfigurationen darstellt: Erstens ist der EM vollst{\"a}ndig vom GM getrennt, wodurch es m{\"o}glich ist, verschiedene GM in einem Entwurfssystem zu verwenden und somit den Variantenraum zu vergr{\"o}ßern (Vielfalt). Zweitens erlaubt der EM die Anforderungen an eine r{\"a}umliche Konfiguration flexibel zu beschreiben (unterschiedliche Maßst{\"a}be, unterschiedlicher Detaillierungsgrad). Letztlich erlauben die verwendeten Repr{\"a}sentationsmethoden eine Problembeschreibung vorzunehmen, die stark an der Wirkung des Raumes auf den Menschen orientiert ist (Relevanz). Die in der Arbeit entwickelte Methodik leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Verbesserung evidenzbasierter Entwurfsprozesse, da sie eine Br{\"u}cke zwischen der nutzerorientierten Bewertung von r{\"a}umlichen Konfigurationen und deren Erzeugung schl{\"a}gt.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Interview on Information Architecture},
  series = {Swiss Architecture in the Moving Image},
  journal   = {Swiss Architecture in the Moving Image},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2507},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180422-25078},
  pages     = {151 -- 154},
  abstract  = {Interview on Information Architecture},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HijaziKoenigSchneideretal.,
  author    = {Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schneider, Sven and Li, Xin and Bielik, Martin and Schmitt, Gerhard and Donath, Dirk},
  title     = {Geostatistical Analysis for the Study of Relationships between the Emotional Responses of Urban Walkers to Urban Spaces},
  series = {International Journal of E-Planning Research},
  journal   = {International Journal of E-Planning Research},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2602},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26025},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  abstract  = {The described study aims to find correlations between urban spatial configurations and human emotions. To this end, the authors measured people's emotions while they walk along a path in an urban area using an instrument that measures skin conductance and skin temperature. The corresponding locations of the test persons were measured recorded by using a GPS-tracker (n=13). The results are interpreted and categorized as measures for positive and negative emotional arousal. To evaluate the technical and methodological process. The test results offer initial evidence that certain spaces or spatial sequences do cause positive or negative emotional arousal while others are relatively neutral. To achieve the goal of the study, the outcome was used as a basis for the study of testing correlations between people's emotional responses and urban spatial configurations represented by Isovist properties of the urban form. By using their model the authors can explain negative emotional arousal for certain places, but they couldn't find a model to predict emotional responses for individual spatial configurations.},
  subject      = {Geografie},
  language  = {en}
}