@inproceedings{KoenigSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {Backcasting and a new way of command in computational design : Proceedings},
  series = {CAADence in Architecture Conference},
  booktitle = {CAADence in Architecture Conference},
  editor    = {Szoboszlai, Mih{\´a}ly},
  address   = {Budapest},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-25996},
  pages     = {15 -- 25},
  abstract  = {It's not uncommon that analysis and simulation methods are used mainly to evaluate finished designs and to proof their quality. Whereas the potential of such methods is to lead or control a design process from the beginning on. Therefore, we introduce a design method that move away from a "what-if" forecasting philosophy and increase the focus on backcasting approaches. We use the power of computation by combining sophisticated methods to generate design with analysis methods to close the gap between analysis and synthesis of designs. For the development of a future-oriented computational design support we need to be aware of the human designer's role. A productive combination of the excellence of human cognition with the power of modern computing technology is needed. We call this approach "cognitive design computing". The computational part aim to mimic the way a designer's brain works by combining state-of-the-art optimization and machine learning approaches with available simulation methods. The cognition part respects the complex nature of design problems by the provision of models for human-computation interaction. This means that a design problem is distributed between computer and designer. In the context of the conference slogan "back to command", we ask how we may imagine the command over a cognitive design computing system. We expect that designers will need to let go control of some parts of the design process to machines, but in exchange they will get a new powerful command on complex computing processes. This means that designers have to explore the potentials of their role as commanders of partially automated design processes. In this contribution we describe an approach for the development of a future cognitive design computing system with the focus on urban design issues. The aim of this system is to enable an urban planner to treat a planning problem as a backcasting problem by defining what performance a design solution should achieve and to automatically query or generate a set of best possible solutions. This kind of computational planning process offers proof that the designer meets the original explicitly defined design requirements. A key way in which digital tools can support designers is by generating design proposals. Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization methods allow us to explore a multi-dimensional design space and provide a basis for the designer to evaluate contradicting requirements: a task urban planners are faced with frequently. We also reflect why designers will give more and more control to machines. Therefore, we investigate first approaches learn how designers use computational design support systems in combination with manual design strategies to deal with urban design problems by employing machine learning methods. By observing how designers work, it is possible to derive more complex artificial solution strategies that can help computers make better suggestions in the future.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigBauriedel,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Bauriedel, Christian},
  title     = {Generating settlement structures: a method for urban planning and analysis supported by cellular automata},
  series = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design},
  journal   = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2605},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160624-26054},
  pages     = {602 -- 624},
  abstract  = {Previous models for the explanation of settlement processes pay little attention to the interactions between settlement spreading and road networks. On the basis of a dielectric breakdown model in combination with cellular automata, we present a method to steer precisely the generation of settlement structures with regard to their global and local density as well as the size and number of forming clusters. The resulting structures depend on the logic of how the dependence of the settlements and the road network is implemented to the simulation model. After analysing the state of the art we begin with a discussion of the mutual dependence of roads and land development. Next, we elaborate a model that permits the precise control of permeability in the developing structure as well as the settlement density, using the fewest necessary control parameters. On the basis of different characteristic values, possible settlement structures are analysed and compared with each other. Finally, we reflect on the theoretical contribution of the model with regard to the context of urban dynamics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoenigVaroudis,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Varoudis, Tasos},
  title     = {Spatial Optimizations: Merging depthmapX , spatial graph networks and evolutionary design in Grasshopper},
  series = {Proceedings of ecaade 34: Complexity \& Simplicity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of ecaade 34: Complexity \& Simplicity},
  address   = {Oulu, Finland},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2604},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26040},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  abstract  = {In the Space Syntax community, the standard tool for computing all kinds of spatial graph network measures is depthmapX (Turner, 2004; Varoudis, 2012). The process of evaluating many design variants of networks is relatively complicated, since they need to be drawn in a separated CAD system, exported and imported in depthmapX via dxf file format. This procedure disables a continuous integration into a design process. Furthermore, the standalone character of depthmapX makes it impossible to use its network centrality calculation for optimization processes. To overcome this limitations, we present in this paper the first steps of experimenting with a Grasshopper component (reference omitted until final version) that can access the functions of depthmapX and integrate them into Grasshopper/Rhino3D. Here the component is implemented in a way that it can be used directly for an evolutionary algorithm (EA) implemented in a Python scripting component in Grasshopper},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Interview on Information Architecture},
  series = {Swiss Architecture in the Moving Image},
  journal   = {Swiss Architecture in the Moving Image},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2507},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180422-25078},
  pages     = {151 -- 154},
  abstract  = {Interview on Information Architecture},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BielikSchneiderKuligaetal.,
  author    = {Bielik, Martin and Schneider, Sven and Kuliga, Saskia and Griego, Danielle and Ojha, Varun and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schmitt, Gerhard and Donath, Dirk},
  title     = {Examining Trade-Offs between Social, Psychological, and Energy Potential of Urban Form},
  series = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
  volume    = {2019},
  journal   = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
  editor    = {Resch, Bernd and Szell, Michael},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijgi8020052},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20190408-38695},
  abstract  = {Urban planners are often challenged with the task of developing design solutions which must meet multiple, and often contradictory, criteria. In this paper, we investigated the trade-offs between social, psychological, and energy potential of the fundamental elements of urban form: the street network and the building massing. Since formal mehods to evaluate urban form from the psychological and social point of view are not readily available, we developed a methodological framework to quantify these criteria as the first contribution in this paper. To evaluate the psychological potential, we conducted a three-tiered empirical study starting from real world environments and then abstracting them to virtual environments. In each context, the implicit (physiological) response and explicit (subjective) response of pedestrians were measured. To quantify the social potential, we developed a street network centrality-based measure of social accessibility. For the energy potential, we created an energy model to analyze the impact of pure geometric form on the energy demand of the building stock. The second contribution of this work is a method to identify distinct clusters of urban form and, for each, explore the trade-offs between the select design criteria. We applied this method to two case studies identifying nine types of urban form and their respective potential trade-offs, which are directly applicable for the assessment of strategic decisions regarding urban form during the early planning stages.},
  subject      = {Planung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HijaziKoenigSchneideretal.,
  author    = {Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schneider, Sven and Li, Xin and Bielik, Martin and Schmitt, Gerhard and Donath, Dirk},
  title     = {Geostatistical Analysis for the Study of Relationships between the Emotional Responses of Urban Walkers to Urban Spaces},
  series = {International Journal of E-Planning Research},
  journal   = {International Journal of E-Planning Research},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2602},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26025},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  abstract  = {The described study aims to find correlations between urban spatial configurations and human emotions. To this end, the authors measured people's emotions while they walk along a path in an urban area using an instrument that measures skin conductance and skin temperature. The corresponding locations of the test persons were measured recorded by using a GPS-tracker (n=13). The results are interpreted and categorized as measures for positive and negative emotional arousal. To evaluate the technical and methodological process. The test results offer initial evidence that certain spaces or spatial sequences do cause positive or negative emotional arousal while others are relatively neutral. To achieve the goal of the study, the outcome was used as a basis for the study of testing correlations between people's emotional responses and urban spatial configurations represented by Isovist properties of the urban form. By using their model the authors can explain negative emotional arousal for certain places, but they couldn't find a model to predict emotional responses for individual spatial configurations.},
  subject      = {Geografie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoenigSchneiderHijazietal.,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schneider, Sven and Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and Li, Xin and Bielik, Martin and Schmitt, Gerhard and Donath, Dirk},
  title     = {Using geo statistical analysis to detect similarities in emotional responses of urban walkers to urban space},
  series = {Sixth International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition (DCC14)},
  booktitle = {Sixth International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition (DCC14)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2514},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25146},
  pages     = {1},
  abstract  = {Using geo statistical analysis to detect similarities in emotional responses of urban walkers to urban space},
  subject      = {St{\"a}dtebau},
  language  = {en}
}