@article{BuschowSuhrSerger,
  author    = {Buschow, Christopher and Suhr, Maike and Serger, Hauke},
  title     = {Media Work as Field Advancement: The Case of Science Media Center Germany},
  series = {Media and Communication},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Media and Communication},
  number    = {Volume 10, issue 1},
  publisher = {Cogitatio Press},
  address   = {Lisbon},
  doi       = {10.17645/mac.v10i1.4454},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220125-45709},
  pages     = {99 -- 109},
  abstract  = {In the wake of the news industry's digitization, novel organizations that differ considerably from traditional media firms in terms of their functional roles and organizational practices of media work are emerging. One new type is the field repair organization, which is characterized by supporting high-quality media work to compensate for the deficits (such as those which come from cost savings and layoffs) which have become apparent in legacy media today. From a practice-theoretical research perspective and based on semi-structured interviews, virtual field observations, and document analysis, we have conducted a single case study on Science Media Center Germany (SMC), a unique non-profit news start-up launched in 2016 in Cologne, Germany. Our findings show that, in addition to field repair activities, SMC aims to facilitate progress and innovation in the field, which we refer to as field advancement. This helps to uncover emerging needs and anticipates problems before they intensify or even occur, proactively providing products and tools for future journalism. This article contributes to our understanding of novel media organizations with distinct functions in the news industry, allowing for advancements in theory on media work and the organization of journalism in times of digital upheaval.},
  subject      = {Journalismus},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{WellbrockBuschow,
  author    = {Wellbrock, Christian-Mathias and Buschow, Christopher},
  title     = {Money for Nothing and Content for Free?},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  address   = {Baden-Baden},
  isbn      = {978-3-7489-0725-1},
  doi       = {10.5771/9783748907251},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201001-42475},
  publisher      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {209},
  abstract  = {Wie k{\"o}nnen journalistische Angebote nachhaltig finanziert werden? Dies bleibt die Kernfrage f{\"u}r Medienh{\"a}user und journalistische Neugr{\"u}ndungen bei der Entwicklung und beim Aufbau tragf{\"a}higer digitaler Gesch{\"a}ftsmodelle. Die Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes vermitteln einen breiten {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den Wissensstand zum Thema Paid Content, Plattformen und Zahlungsbereitschaft im Journalismus und er{\"o}ffnen innovative Blickwinkel auf neuartige Plattformmodelle ebenso wie auf Motive und Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer digitaljournalistischer Inhalte. Auf Grundlage empirischer Forschung werden Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r die nutzerzentrierte Ausgestaltung von Paid-Content-Angeboten sowie neue Perspektiven auf Zahlungsbereitschaft im digitalen Journalismus erschlossen - relevant sowohl f{\"u}r die Wissenschaft wie auch f{\"u}r die Medienpraxis.},
  subject      = {Digitaljournalismus},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Buschow,
  author    = {Buschow, Christopher},
  title     = {Practice-driven journalism research: Impulses for a dynamic understanding of journalism in the context of its reorganization},
  series = {Studies in Communication Sciences},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {Studies in Communication Sciences},
  doi       = {10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.006},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200819-42162},
  pages     = {1 -- 15},
  abstract  = {This paper proposes a practice-theoretical journalism research approach for an alternate and innovative perspective of digital journalism's current empirical challenges. The practice-theoretical approach is introduced by demonstrating its explanatory power in relation to demarcation problems, technological changes, economic challenges and challenges to journalism's legitimacy. Its respective advantages in dealing with these problems are explained and then compared to established journalism theories. The particular relevance of the theoretical perspective is due to (1) its central decision to observe journalistic practices, (2) the transgression of conventional journalistic boundaries, (3) the denaturalization of journalistic norms and laws, (4) the explicit consideration of a material, socio-technical dimension of journalism, (5) a focus on the conflicting relationship between journalistic practices and media management practices, and (6) prioritizing order generation over stability.},
  subject      = {Journalismus},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Buschow,
  author    = {Buschow, Christopher},
  title     = {Why Do Digital Native News Media Fail? An Investigation of Failure in the Early Start-Up Phase},
  series = {Media and Communication},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {Media and Communication},
  number    = {Volume 8, Issue 2},
  publisher = {Cogitatio Press},
  address   = {Lissabon},
  doi       = {10.17645/mac.v8i2.2677},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200417-41347},
  pages     = {51 -- 61},
  abstract  = {Digital native news media have great potential for improving journalism. Theoretically, they can be the sites where new products, novel revenue streams and alternative ways of organizing digital journalism are discovered, tested, and advanced. In practice, however, the situation appears to be more complicated. Besides the normal pressures facing new businesses, entrepreneurs in digital news are faced with specific challenges. Against the background of general and journalism specific entrepreneurship literature, and in light of a practice-theoretical approach, this qualitative case study research on 15 German digital native news media outlets empirically investigates what barriers curb their innovative capacity in the early start-up phase. In the new media organizations under study here, there are—among other problems—a high degree of homogeneity within founding teams, tensions between journalistic and economic practices, insufficient user orientation, as well as a tendency for organizations to be underfinanced. The patterns of failure investigated in this study can raise awareness, help news start-ups avoid common mistakes before actually entering the market, and help industry experts and investors to realistically estimate the potential of new ventures within the digital news industry.},
  subject      = {Journalismus},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WellbrockArangoKureBuschow,
  author    = {Wellbrock, Christian-Mathias and Arango Kure, Maria and Buschow, Christopher},
  title     = {Competition and Media Performance: A Cross-National Analysis of Corporate Goals of Media Companies in 12 Countries},
  series = {International Journal of Communication},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {International Journal of Communication},
  number    = {Vol 14 (2020)},
  publisher = {USC, University of Southern California},
  address   = {Annenberg, California},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4317},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201221-43175},
  pages     = {6154 -- 6181},
  abstract  = {Despite digitization and platformization, mass media and established media companies still play a crucial role in the provision of journalistic content in democratic societies. Competition is one key driver of (media) company behavior and is considered to have an impact on the media's performance. However, theory and empirical research are ambiguous about the relationship. The objective of this article is to empirically analyze the effect of competition on media performance in a cross-national context. We assessed media performance of media companies as the importance of journalistic goals within their stated corporate goal system. We conducted a content analysis of letters to the shareholders in annual reports of more than 50 media companies from 2000 to 2014 to operationalize journalistic goal importance. When employing a fixed effects regression analysis, as well as a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, results suggest that competition has a positive effect on the importance of journalistic goals, while the existence of a strong public service media sector appears to have the effect of "crowding out" commercial media companies.},
  subject      = {{\"O}ffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{BuschowWellbrock,
  author    = {Buschow, Christopher and Wellbrock, Christian-Mathias},
  title     = {Die Innovationslandschaft des Journalismus in Deutschland},
  organization    = {Landesanstalt f{\"u}r Medien NRW},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4240},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200924-42407},
  pages     = {51},
  abstract  = {Das vorliegende Gutachten befasst sich mit der Innovationslandschaft des deutschen Journalismus. Innovation wird als eine essenzielle Voraussetzung verstanden, um tragf{\"a}hige L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r die gegenw{\"a}rtigen Probleme des Journa-lismus zu entwickeln. Im Mittelpunkt des Gutachtens steht die Frage, wie Innovationspolitik im Journalismus - d. h. die Unterst{\"u}tzung von Innovation durch die {\"o}ffentliche Hand - funktionst{\"u}chtig ausgestaltet werden kann. Dabei wird dem Innovationssysteme-Ansatz gefolgt, welcher Probleme, Barrieren und Hemmnisse identifiziert, die der Innovationsf{\"a}higkeit des Journalismus in Deutschland grundlegend im Wege stehen.},
  subject      = {Journalismus},
  language  = {de}
}
@periodical{OPUS4-4864,
  title     = {Schwerpunkt Schalten und Walten},
  volume    = {2020},
  number    = {11.2020},
  editor    = {Engell, Lorenz and Siegert, Bernhard},
  publisher = {Felix Meiner Verlag},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  organization    = {Internationales Kolleg f{\"u}r Kulturtechnikforschung und Medienphilosophie},
  issn      = {2366-0767},
  doi       = {10.28937/ZMK-11-20},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20240507-48644},
  pages     = {184},
  abstract  = {What you are about to read is the very last issue of the ZMK. Since our overall research enterprise, the IKKM, has to cease all of its activities due to the end of its twelve years' funding by the German federal government, the ZMK will also come to an end. Its last topic, Schalten und Walten has also been the subject of the concluding biannual conference of the IKKM, and we hope it will be a fitting topic to resume the research of the IKKM on Operative Ontologies. Although this final issue is in English, we decided to leave its title in German: Schalten und Walten. As it is the case for the name of the IKKM, (Internationales Kolleg f{\"u}r Kulturtechnikforschung und Medienphilosophie), the term seems untranslatable to us, not only for the poetic reason of the rhyming sound of the words. Switching and Ruling might be accepted as English versions, but quite an unbridgeable difference remains. In German, Schalten und Walten is a rather common and quite widespread idiom that can be found in everyday life. Whoever, the idiom stipulates, is able to execute Schalten und Walten has the power to act, has freedom of decision and power of disposition. Although both terms are mentioned together and belong together in the German expression Schalten und Walten, they are nevertheless complements to each other. They both refer to the exercise and existence of domination, disposal or power, but they nonetheless designate two quite different modes of being. Schalten is not so much sheer command over something, but government or management. It is linked to control, intervention and change, in short: it is operative and goes along with distinctive measures and cause-and-effect relations. The English equivalent switching reflects this more or less adequately.},
  subject      = {Medienwissenschaft},
  language  = {mul}
}
@techreport{BuschowWellbrock,
  author    = {Buschow, Christopher and Wellbrock, Christian-Mathias},
  title     = {Money for nothing and content for free? Zahlungsbereitschaft f{\"u}r digitaljournalistische Inhalte},
  organization    = {Landesanstalt f{\"u}r Medien NRW},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4016},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191111-40168},
  pages     = {42},
  abstract  = {Frei nach dem Motto "Money for nothing and content for free" werden tagesaktuelle Informationen ebenso wie aufw{\"a}ndig recherchierte Reportagen im Digitalen vornehmlich kostenfrei genutzt. Wie k{\"o}nnen journalistische Angebote sich also nachhaltig refinanzieren? Die vorliegende Studie stellt Nutzerinnen und Nutzer in den Mittelpunkt. Sie fragt nach den Gr{\"u}nden f{\"u}r fehlende Zahlungsbereitschaft sowie danach, warum und wof{\"u}r gezahlt wird. Außerdem gibt sie Medienschaffenden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen, um ihre journalistischen Produkte ansprechend zu gestalten und so die Zahlungsbereitschaft von Leserinnen und Lesern zu steigern.},
  subject      = {Neue Medien},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{BuschowWellbrock,
  author    = {Buschow, Christopher and Wellbrock, Christian-Mathias},
  title     = {Money for nothing and content for free? Willingness to pay for digital journalism},
  organization    = {Landesanstalt f{\"u}r Medien NRW},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4017},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191111-40175},
  pages     = {21},
  abstract  = {True to the motto "Money for nothing and content for free", both up-to-date information and thoroughly researched reporting are principally used free of charge in their digital forms. Considering this, how can journalism be funded sustainably? This study focuses on users and investigates the reasons for their lack of willingness to pay for content, as well as what they do pay for, and why.},
  subject      = {Neue Medien},
  language  = {en}
}
@periodical{OPUS4-4862,
  title     = {Schwerpunkt Ontography},
  volume    = {2019},
  number    = {10.2019, Heft 1},
  editor    = {Engell, Lorenz and Siegert, Bernhard},
  publisher = {Felix Meiner Verlag},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  organization    = {Internationales Kolleg f{\"u}r Kulturtechnikforschung und Medienphilosophie},
  issn      = {2366-0767},
  doi       = {10.28937/ZMK-10-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20240507-48624},
  pages     = {200},
  abstract  = {Research in cultural techniques and media philosophy owe their existence to the fading and passing, the becoming impossible, and finally even the ban on ontology. Just like media history and media theory, they even represent a form of processing of this ending of ontology and a reaction to it. The concept of »Being«, the singular subject of all ontology, taken as unchangeable and as residing somewhere behind or even above all its realizations, concretions and manifestations in the materially existing world, had already been strongly suspected by positivism, vitalism and phenomenology, but had not yet been stripped off. Existential philosophy then ventured further, until finally a number of diverse schools of thought like Foucault's history of knowledge or Derrida's deconstruction, Quine's logic, Heinz von Foerster's constructivism, Luhmann's functionalism, or process philosophy in the aftermath of Whitehead could definitively reject ontology with highly effective—albeit strongly diverging—reasons and arguments. These theories and philosophical schools did not agree on anything but on the rejection of ontology. Accordingly, the »ontological difference«, which provided that one could not speak about »Being« in the same way as about an existing being, had to be reconsidered. One solution was to project the ontological difference back into the multitude and materiality of the existing and to provide it with a new language of description and to read it against the backdrop of new types of questions. The offer that media theory and history, the cultural techniques approach, and media philosophy were able to make—successfully—in this situation was essentially a reappraisal not only of technics (»Die Technik«) in the ontological sense, but of technologies and techniques, of practices and their aesthetics. To use Heideggers terms, the focus was now set on »switching« (»Schalten«) rather than on »ruling« (»Walten«). The ban on ontology was nonetheless fully respected, and in cultural and media studies the observation of techniques and technologies, means and processes of the incessant self-differentiation of anything that is ruled out the persistent stunning standstill vis-{\`a}-vis the great ontological difference of Being and the existing beings.},
  subject      = {Medienwissenschaft},
  language  = {mul}
}