@phdthesis{Kaltenbrunner,
  author    = {Kaltenbrunner, Martin},
  title     = {An Abstraction Framework for Tangible Interactive Surfaces},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3717},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180205-37178},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {138},
  abstract  = {This cumulative dissertation discusses - by the example of four subsequent publications - the various layers of a tangible interaction framework, which has been developed in conjunction with an electronic musical instrument with a tabletop tangible user interface. Based on the experiences that have been collected during the design and implementation of that particular musical application, this research mainly concentrates on the definition of a general-purpose abstraction model for the encapsulation of physical interface components that are commonly employed in the context of an interactive surface environment. Along with a detailed description of the underlying abstraction model, this dissertation also describes an actual implementation in the form of a detailed protocol syntax, which constitutes the common element of a distributed architecture for the construction of surface-based tangible user interfaces. The initial implementation of the presented abstraction model within an actual application toolkit is comprised of the TUIO protocol and the related computer-vision based object and multi-touch tracking software reacTIVision, along with its principal application within the Reactable synthesizer. The dissertation concludes with an evaluation and extension of the initial TUIO model, by presenting TUIO2 - a next generation abstraction model designed for a more comprehensive range of tangible interaction platforms and related application scenarios.},
  subject      = {Informatik},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Willis2009,
  author    = {Willis, Katharine S.},
  title     = {Wayfinding Situations},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1428},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20100806-15125},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Wayfinding, which is the task of getting from some origin to a destination, is one of the primary spatial problems humans encounter in everyday life. When we wayfind, we act in the environment based on the structure and features of the environment, set against a background of knowledge which is generally understood as having visual characteristics. As mobile and wireless technologies proliferate in urban space it can be considered as having an existence in terms of several spaces, those of places that make up our direct perceptual experience and those of the digital devices and networks that facilitate communication, which are primarily non-visual in nature. This thesis will extend existing work on perception and action in urban space to investigate the role of mobile and ubiquitous technologies in wayfinding and environmental legibility, or more literally how we orientate and find our way in space when we experience it both with and through technology. In order to do this, the research takes the approach of considering wayfinding as a situated activity that takes place against a rich and articulated background of experiences and social connections. Through a series of empirical studies the concept of wayfinding situations is explored from two different perspectives. The first study investigates the relationship between an individual and technology as they act in environmental settings, by comparing learning for a spatial task depending on whether the individual accesses a map or a mobile map to make judgements. The second study seeks to understand the relationship between individual and environment as they act in technological settings, and focuses on the perception and action in space as affected by wireless technologies. The combined outcome of these two empirical studies provides the basis for the definition of a richer and more differentiated concept of wayfinding situations. This informs the final stage of the research in which an applied response is proposed to supporting wayfinding in a specific urban scenario, where the aim is to embed the technology into the spatial setting.},
  subject      = {Medien},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kiesel2022,
  author    = {Kiesel, Johannes},
  title     = {Harnessing Web Archives to Tackle Selected Societal Challenges},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4660},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220622-46602},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {With the growing importance of the World Wide Web, the major challenges our society faces are also increasingly affecting the digital areas of our lives. Some of the associated problems can be addressed by computer science, and some of these specifically by data-driven research. To do so, however, requires to solve open issues related to archive quality and the large volume and variety of the data contained. This dissertation contributes data, algorithms, and concepts towards leveraging the big data and temporal provenance capabilities of web archives to tackle societal challenges. We selected three such challenges that highlight the central issues of archive quality, data volume, and data variety, respectively: (1) For the preservation of digital culture, this thesis investigates and improves the automatic quality assurance of the web page archiving process, as well as the further processing of the resulting archive data for automatic analysis. (2) For the critical assessment of information, this thesis examines large datasets of Wikipedia and news articles and presents new methods for automatically determining quality and bias. (3) For digital security and privacy, this thesis exploits the variety of content on the web to quantify the security of mnemonic passwords and analyzes the privacy-aware re-finding of the various seen content through private web archives.},
  subject      = {Informatik},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Potthast,
  author    = {Potthast, Martin},
  title     = {Technologies for Reusing Text from the Web},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1566},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20120217-15663},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {237},
  abstract  = {Texts from the web can be reused individually or in large quantities. The former is called text reuse and the latter language reuse. We first present a comprehensive overview of the different ways in which text and language is reused today, and how exactly information retrieval technologies can be applied in this respect. The remainder of the thesis then deals with specific retrieval tasks. In general, our contributions consist of models and algorithms, their evaluation, and for that purpose, large-scale corpus construction. The thesis divides into two parts. The first part introduces technologies for text reuse detection, and our contributions are as follows: (1) A unified view of projecting-based and embedding-based fingerprinting for near-duplicate detection and the first time evaluation of fingerprint algorithms on Wikipedia revision histories as a new, large-scale corpus of near-duplicates. (2) A new retrieval model for the quantification of cross-language text similarity, which gets by without parallel corpora. We have evaluated the model in comparison to other models on many different pairs of languages. (3) An evaluation framework for text reuse and particularly plagiarism detectors, which consists of tailored detection performance measures and a large-scale corpus of automatically generated and manually written plagiarism cases. The latter have been obtained via crowdsourcing. This framework has been successfully applied to evaluate many different state-of-the-art plagiarism detection approaches within three international evaluation competitions. The second part introduces technologies that solve three retrieval tasks based on language reuse, and our contributions are as follows: (4) A new model for the comparison of textual and non-textual web items across media, which exploits web comments as a source of information about the topic of an item. In this connection, we identify web comments as a largely neglected information source and introduce the rationale of comment retrieval. (5) Two new algorithms for query segmentation, which exploit web n-grams and Wikipedia as a means of discerning the user intent of a keyword query. Moreover, we crowdsource a new corpus for the evaluation of query segmentation which surpasses existing corpora by two orders of magnitude. (6) A new writing assistance tool called Netspeak, which is a search engine for commonly used language. Netspeak indexes the web in the form of web n-grams as a source of writing examples and implements a wildcard query processor on top of it.},
  subject      = {Information Retrieval},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lipka,
  author    = {Lipka, Nedim},
  title     = {Modeling Non-Standard Text Classification Tasks},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1862},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130307-18626},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  abstract  = {Text classification deals with discovering knowledge in texts and is used for extracting, filtering, or retrieving information in streams and collections. The discovery of knowledge is operationalized by modeling text classification tasks, which is mainly a human-driven engineering process. The outcome of this process, a text classification model, is used to inductively learn a text classification solution from a priori classified examples. The building blocks of modeling text classification tasks cover four aspects: (1) the way examples are represented, (2) the way examples are selected, (3) the way classifiers learn from examples, and (4) the way models are selected. This thesis proposes methods that improve the prediction quality of text classification solutions for unseen examples, especially for non-standard tasks where standard models do not fit. The original contributions are related to the aforementioned building blocks: (1) Several topic-orthogonal text representations are studied in the context of non-standard tasks and a new representation, namely co-stems, is introduced. (2) A new active learning strategy that goes beyond standard sampling is examined. (3) A new one-class ensemble for improving the effectiveness of one-class classification is proposed. (4) A new model selection framework to cope with subclass distribution shifts that occur in dynamic environments is introduced.},
  subject      = {Text Classification},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Markert,
  author    = {Markert, Michael},
  title     = {R{\"a}umliche Navigation durch richtungsgebundene Stereofonie},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4303},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201214-43038},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {394},
  abstract  = {Die Verbreitung mobiler Smartphones und besonders deren allgegenw{\"a}rtige Lokalisierungstechnologien ver{\"a}ndern das Navigationsverhalten im Raum nachhaltig. Parallel zur schnell voranschreitenden Entwicklung allt{\"a}glicher Ger{\"a}te, die mitgef{\"u}hrt werden, setzt der {\"U}bergang der bereits l{\"a}nger dauernden Entwicklung von Virtual-Reality-Technik in eine erweiterte und augmentierte Mixed Reality ein. In diesem Spannungsfeld untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit, inwieweit richtungsgebundene und binaural wiedergegebene Stereofonie die menschliche Bewegung im Raum beeinflussen kann und versucht zu er{\"o}rtern, welche Potenziale in der Wiederentdeckung einer relativ lange bekannten Technik liegen. Der Autor hat im Rahmen dieser Arbeit eine binaurale mobile Applikation f{\"u}r richtungsgebundene Stereofonie entwickelt, mit der virtuelle bewegte oder statische Audio-Hotspots im Raum platziert werden k{\"o}nnen. So kann links, rechts oder 30 Meter vor einer Person ein virtueller oder tats{\"a}chlicher Klang im Raum verortet sein. Durch die in Echtzeit berechnete binaurale Wiedergabe der Klangquellen mit einem Stereo-Kopfh{\"o}rer k{\"o}nnen diese r{\"a}umlich verorteten Kl{\"a}nge mit zwei Ohren dreidimensional wahrgenommen werden, {\"a}hnlich dem r{\"a}umlichen Sehen mit zwei Augen. Durch den Einsatz mehrerer lokalisierter Klangquellen als Soundscape entsteht eine augmentierte auditive Realit{\"a}t, die die physische Realit{\"a}t erweitert. Die Position und Navigation des Nutzers wird durch binaurale Lautst{\"a}rkenmodulation (die Lautst{\"a}rke nimmt bei abnehmender Distanz zur Quelle zu) und Stereopanning mit Laufzeitmodulation (die Richtung wird {\"u}ber ein Stereosignal auf beiden Ohren r{\"a}umlich links-rechts-vorne verortet) interaktiv und kybernetisch beeinflusst. Die Nutzer navigieren — durch ihr Interesse an den h{\"o}rbaren virtuellen Klangquellen geleitet — durch einen dynamisch erzeugten, dreidimensionalen akustischen Raum, der gleichzeitig ein virtueller und kybernetischer Raum ist, da die Repr{\"a}sentation der Kl{\"a}nge an die Bewegung und Ausrichtung der Nutzer im Raum angepasst wird. Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob die Bewegung von Menschen durch (virtuelle) Kl{\"a}nge beeinflusst werden kann und wie groß oder messbar dieser Einfluss ist. Dabei k{\"o}nnen nicht alle k{\"u}nstlerischen, architektonischen und philosophischen Fragen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Schrift er{\"o}rtert werden, obwohl sie dennoch als raumtheoretische Fragestellung von Interesse sind. Hauptgegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt in der Erforschung, ob richtungsgebundene Stereofonie einen relevanten Beitrag zur menschlichen Navigation, haupts{\"a}chlich zu Fuß, in urbanen Gebieten — vorwiegend im Außenraum — leisten kann. Der erste Teil gliedert sich in »Raum und Klang«, es werden raumtheoretische {\"U}berlegungen zur menschlichen Bewegung im Raum, Raumvorstellungen, r{\"a}umliche Kl{\"a}nge und Klangwahrnehmung sowie die Entwicklung stereofoner Apparaturen und Aspekte der Augmented Audio Reality besprochen. Im zweiten Teil werden drei Demonstratoren als Anwendungsszenarien und drei Evaluierungen im Außenraum vorgestellt. Die Tests untersuchen, ob sich das Verfahren zur Navigation f{\"u}r Fußg{\"a}nger eignet und inwieweit eine Einflussnahme auf das Bewegungsverhalten von Nutzern getroffen werden kann. Die Auswertungen der Tests zeigen, dass sich stereofone Kl{\"a}nge grunds{\"a}tzlich als Navigationssystem eignen, da eine große Mehrzahl der Teilnehmer die akustisch markierten Ziele leicht gefunden hat. Ebenso zeigt sich ein klarer Einfluss auf die Bewegungsmuster, allerdings ist dieser abh{\"a}ngig von individuellen Interessen und Vorlieben. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen im Kontext der vorgestellten Theorien diskutiert und die Potenziale stereofoner Anwendungen in einem Ausblick behandelt. Bei der Gestaltung, Erzeugung und Anwendung mobiler Systeme sind unterschiedliche mentale und r{\"a}umliche Modelle und Vorstellungen der Entwickler und Anwender zu beachten. Da eine umfassende transdisziplin{\"a}re Betrachtung klare Begrifflichkeiten erfordert, werden Argumente f{\"u}r ein raumtheoretisches Vokabular diskutiert. Diese sind f{\"u}r einen gestalterischen Einsatz von richtungsgebundener Stereofonie — besonders im Kontext mobiler Navigation durch akustisch augmentierte R{\"a}ume — {\"a}ußerst relevant.},
  subject      = {Raum},
  language  = {de}
}