@article{AlsaadSchaelteSchneeweissetal.,
  author    = {Alsaad, Hayder and Sch{\"a}lte, Gereon and Schneeweiß, Mario and Becher, Lia and Pollack, Moritz and Gena, Amayu Wakoya and Schweiker, Marcel and Hartmann, Maria and Voelker, Conrad and Rossaint, Rolf and Irrgang, Matthias},
  title     = {The Spread of Exhaled Air and Aerosols during Physical Exercise},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {Volume 12, issue 4, article 1300},
  publisher = {Basel},
  address   = {MDPI},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm12041300},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230208-49262},
  pages     = {20},
  abstract  = {Physical exercise demonstrates a special case of aerosol emission due to its associated elevated breathing rate. This can lead to a faster spread of airborne viruses and respiratory diseases. Therefore, this study investigates cross-infection risk during training. Twelve human subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer under three mask scenarios: no mask, surgical mask, and FFP2 mask. The emitted aerosols were measured in a grey room with a measurement setup equipped with an optical particle sensor. The spread of expired air was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed using schlieren imaging. Moreover, user satisfaction surveys were conducted to evaluate the comfort of wearing face masks during training. The results indicated that both surgical and FFP2 masks significantly reduced particles emission with a reduction efficiency of 87.1\% and 91.3\% of all particle sizes, respectively. However, compared to surgical masks, FFP2 masks provided a nearly tenfold greater reduction of the particle size range with long residence time in the air (0.3-0.5 μm). Furthermore, the investigated masks reduced exhalation spreading distances to less than 0.15 m and 0.1 m in the case of the surgical mask and FFP2 mask, respectively. User satisfaction solely differed with respect to perceived dyspnea between no mask and FFP2 mask conditions.},
  subject      = {Sport},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlsaadHartmannVoelker,
  author    = {Alsaad, Hayder and Hartmann, Maria and Voelker, Conrad},
  title     = {The effect of a living wall system designated for greywater treatment on the hygrothermal performance of the facade},
  series = {Energy and Buildings},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Energy and Buildings},
  number    = {volume 255, article 111711},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111711},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20240116-65299},
  pages     = {17},
  abstract  = {Besides their multiple known benefits regarding urban microclimate, living walls can be used as decentralized stand-alone systems to treat greywater locally at the buildings. While this offers numerous environmental advantages, it can have a considerable impact on the hygrothermal performance of the facade as such systems involve bringing large quantities of water onto the facade. As it is difficult to represent complex entities such as plants in the typical simulation tools used for heat and moisture transport, this study suggests a new approach to tackle this challenge by coupling two tools: ENVI-Met and Delphin. ENVI-Met was used to simulate the impact of the plants to determine the local environmental parameters at the living wall. Delphin, on the other hand, was used to conduct the hygrothermal simulations using the local parameters calculated by ENVI-Met. Four wall constructions were investigated in this study: an uninsulated brick wall, a precast concrete plate, a sandy limestone wall, and a double-shell wall. The results showed that the living wall improved the U-value, the exterior surface temperature, and the heat flux through the wall. Moreover, the living wall did not increase the risk of moisture in the wall during winter and eliminated the risk of condensation.},
  subject      = {Feuchteleitung},
  language  = {en}
}