@article{ReichertOlneyLahmer, author = {Reichert, Ina and Olney, Peter and Lahmer, Tom}, title = {Combined approach for optimal sensor placement and experimental verification in the context of tower-like structures}, series = {Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring}, number = {volume 11}, publisher = {Heidelberg}, address = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s13349-020-00448-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210804-44701}, pages = {223 -- 234}, abstract = {When it comes to monitoring of huge structures, main issues are limited time, high costs and how to deal with the big amount of data. In order to reduce and manage them, respectively, methods from the field of optimal design of experiments are useful and supportive. Having optimal experimental designs at hand before conducting any measurements is leading to a highly informative measurement concept, where the sensor positions are optimized according to minimal errors in the structures' models. For the reduction of computational time a combined approach using Fisher Information Matrix and mean-squared error in a two-step procedure is proposed under the consideration of different error types. The error descriptions contain random/aleatoric and systematic/epistemic portions. Applying this combined approach on a finite element model using artificial acceleration time measurement data with artificially added errors leads to the optimized sensor positions. These findings are compared to results from laboratory experiments on the modeled structure, which is a tower-like structure represented by a hollow pipe as the cantilever beam. Conclusively, the combined approach is leading to a sound experimental design that leads to a good estimate of the structure's behavior and model parameters without the need of preliminary measurements for model updating.}, subject = {Strukturmechanik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Alkam, author = {Alkam, Feras}, title = {Vibration-based Monitoring of Concrete Catenary Poles using Bayesian Inference}, volume = {2021}, publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}tsverlag}, address = {Weimar}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4433}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210526-44338}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {177}, abstract = {This work presents a robust status monitoring approach for detecting damage in cantilever structures based on logistic functions. Also, a stochastic damage identification approach based on changes of eigenfrequencies is proposed. The proposed algorithms are verified using catenary poles of electrified railways track. The proposed damage features overcome the limitation of frequency-based damage identification methods available in the literature, which are valid to detect damage in structures to Level 1 only. Changes in eigenfrequencies of cantilever structures are enough to identify possible local damage at Level 3, i.e., to cover damage detection, localization, and quantification. The proposed algorithms identified the damage with relatively small errors, even at a high noise level.}, subject = {Parameteridentifikation}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Goebel, author = {G{\"o}bel, Luise}, title = {Experimental and semi-analytical multiscale approaches for the characterization of the elastic and viscoelastic behavior of polymer-modified cement-based materials}, publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}tsverlag}, address = {Weimar}, isbn = {978-3-95773-269-9}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3827}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20181211-38279}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {259}, abstract = {Polymer-modified cement concrete (PCC) is a heterogeneous building material with a hierarchically organized microstructure. Therefore, continuum micromechanics-based multiscale models represent a promising method to estimate the mechanical properties. By means of a bottom-up approach, homogenized properties at the macroscopic scale are derived considering microstructural characteristics. The extension of existing multiscale models for the application to PCC is the main objective of this work. For that, cross-scale experimental studies are required. Both macroscopic and microscopic mechanical tests are performed to characterize the elastic and viscoelastic properties of different PCC. The comparison between experiment and model prediction illustrates the success of the modeling approach.}, subject = {Elastizit{\"a}tsmodul}, language = {en} } @article{MotraHildebrandDimmigOsburg, author = {Motra, Hem Bahadur and Hildebrand, J{\"o}rg and Dimmig-Osburg, Andrea}, title = {Assessment of strain measurement techniques to characterise mechanical properties of structural steel}, series = {Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal}, journal = {Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal}, doi = {10.1016/j.jestch.2014.07.006}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170425-31540}, pages = {260 -- 269}, abstract = {Strain measurement is important in mechanical testing. A wide variety of techniques exists for measuring strain in the tensile test; namely the strain gauge, extensometer, stress and strain determined by machine crosshead motion, Geometric Moire technique, optical strain measurement techniques and others. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare the strain measurement techniques. To carry out the tensile test experiments for S 235, sixty samples were cut from the web of the I-profile in longitudinal and transverse directions in four different dimensions. The geometry of samples are analysed by 3D scanner and vernier caliper. In addition, the strain values were determined by using strain gauge, extensometer and machine crosshead motion. Three techniques of strain measurement are compared in quantitative manner based on the calculation of mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, yield strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation at maximum force) of structural steel. A statistical information was used for evaluating the results. It is seen that the extensometer and strain gauge provided reliable data, however the extensometer offers several advantages over the strain gauge and crosshead motion for testing structural steel in tension. Furthermore, estimation of measurement uncertainty is presented for the basic material parameters extracted through strain measurement.}, subject = {Baustahl}, language = {en} } @article{AtaollahiOshkourTalebiSeyedShirazietal., author = {Ataollahi Oshkour, Azim and Talebi, Hossein and Seyed Shirazi, Seyed Farid and Bayat, Mehdi and Yau, Yat Huang and Tarlochan, Faris and Abu Osman, Noor Azuan}, title = {Comparison of various functionally graded femoral prostheses by finite element analysis}, series = {Scientific World Journal}, journal = {Scientific World Journal}, doi = {10.1155/2014/807621}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170413-31194}, abstract = {This study is focused on finite element analysis of a model comprising femur into which a femoral component of a total hip replacement was implanted. The considered prosthesis is fabricated from a functionally graded material (FGM) comprising a layer of a titanium alloy bonded to a layer of hydroxyapatite. The elastic modulus of the FGM was adjusted in the radial, longitudinal, and longitudinal-radial directions by altering the volume fraction gradient exponent. Four cases were studied, involving two different methods of anchoring the prosthesis to the spongy bone and two cases of applied loading. The results revealed that the FG prostheses provoked more SED to the bone. The FG prostheses carried less stress, while more stress was induced to the bone and cement. Meanwhile, less shear interface stress was stimulated to the prosthesis-bone interface in the noncemented FG prostheses. The cement-bone interface carried more stress compared to the prosthesis-cement interface. Stair climbing induced more harmful effects to the implanted femur components compared to the normal walking by causing more stress. Therefore, stress shielding, developed stresses, and interface stresses in the THR components could be adjusted through the controlling stiffness of the FG prosthesis by managing volume fraction gradient exponent.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{Aguinaga, author = {Aguinaga, Jos{\´e} Guillermo De}, title = {Error in prediction due to data type availability in a coupled hydro-mechanical model}, series = {Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering}, journal = {Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3117}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170413-31170}, pages = {2459 -- 2471}, abstract = {Different types of data provide different type of information. The present research analyzes the error on prediction obtained under different data type availability for calibration. The contribution of different measurement types to model calibration and prognosis are evaluated. A coupled 2D hydro-mechanical model of a water retaining dam is taken as an example. Here, the mean effective stress in the porous skeleton is reduced due to an increase in pore water pressure under drawdown conditions. Relevant model parameters are identified by scaled sensitivities. Then, Particle Swarm Optimization is applied to determine the optimal parameter values and finally, the error in prognosis is determined. We compare the predictions of the optimized models with results from a forward run of the reference model to obtain the actual prediction errors. The analyses presented here were performed calibrating the hydro-mechanical model to 31 data sets of 100 observations of varying data types. The prognosis results improve when using diversified information for calibration. However, when using several types of information, the number of observations has to be increased to be able to cover a representative part of the model domain. For an analysis with constant number of observations, a compromise between data type availability and domain coverage proves to be the best solution. Which type of calibration information contributes to the best prognoses could not be determined in advance. The error in model prognosis does not depend on the error in calibration, but on the parameter error, which unfortunately cannot be determined in inverse problems since we do not know its real value. The best prognoses were obtained independent of calibration fit. However, excellent calibration fits led to an increase in prognosis error variation. In the case of excellent fits; parameters' values came near the limits of reasonable physical values more often. To improve the prognoses reliability, the expected value of the parameters should be considered as prior information on the optimization algorithm.}, subject = {Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WudtkeWerner, author = {Wudtke, Idna and Werner, Frank}, title = {MODELLING OF MATERIAL PHENOMENA OF STEEL IN CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS IN CONTEXT OF WELDING}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2903}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-29032}, pages = {16}, abstract = {The application of partly decoupled approach by means of continuum mechanics facilitates the calculation of structural responses due to welding. The numerical results demonstrate the ability of a qualitative prediction of welded connections. As it is intended to integrate the local effects of a joint in structural analysis of steel constructions, it is necessary to meet higher approaches towards quality. The wide array of material parameters are presented, which are affecting the thermal, metallurgical and mechanical behavior, and which have to be identified. For that purpose further investigations are necessary to analyze the sensitivity of the models towards different material properties. The experimental determination of every material parameter is not possible due to the extraordinary laborious efforts needed. Besides that, experimentally identified parameters can be applied only for the tested steel quality for measured temperature-time regimes. For that reason alternative approaches for identification of material parameters, such as optimization strategies, have to be applied. After a definition of material parameters a quantitative prediction of welded connections will also be possible. Numerical results show the effect of phase transformation, activated by welding process, on residual stress state. As these phenomena occur in local areas in the range of crystal and grain sizes, the description of microscopic phenomena and their propagation on a macroscopic level due to approaches of homogenization might be expedient. Nevertheless, one should bear in mind, the increasing number of material parameters as well as the complexity of their experimental determination. Thus the microscopic approach should always be investigated under the scope of ability and efficiency of a required prediction. Under certain circumstances a step backwards, adopting a phenomenological approach, also can be beneficial.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Stein, author = {Stein, Peter}, title = {NURBS-BASED ELEMENTS AS A BASIS FOR INTEGRATING ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2894}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28944}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Building information modeling offers a huge potential for increasing the productivity and quality of construction planning processes. Despite its promising concept, this approach has not found widespread use. One of the reasons is the insufficient coupling of the structural models with the general building model. Instead, structural engineers usually set up a structural model that is independent from the building model and consists of mechanical models of reduced dimension. An automatic model generation, which would be valuable in case of model revisions is therefore not possible. This can be overcome by a volumetric formulation of the problem. A recent approach employed the p-version of the finite element method to this problem. This method, in conjunction with a volumetric formulation is suited to simulate the structural behaviour of both „thick" solid bodies and thin-walled structures. However, there remains a notable discretization error in the numerical models. This paper therefore proposes a new approach for overcoming this situation. It sugggests the combination of the Isogeometric analysis together with the volumetric models in order to integrate the structural design into the digital, building model-centered planning process and reduce the discretization error. The concept of the isogeometric analysis consists, roughly, in the application of NURBS functions to represent the geometry and the shape functions of the elements. These functions possess some beneficial properties regarding numerical simulation. Their use, however, leads to some intricacies related to the setup of the stiffness matrix. This paper describes some of these properties.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Reuter, author = {Reuter, Markus}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE ANALYSIS METHOD FOR THE DESIGN OF FRAME STRUCTURES}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2882}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28823}, pages = {14}, abstract = {By the use of numerical methods and the rapid development of computer technology in the recent years, a large variety, complexity, refinement and capability of partial models have been achieved. This can be noticed in the evaluation of the reliability of structures, e.g. the increased use of spatial structural systems. For the different fields of civil engineering, well developed partial models already exist. Because these partial models are most often used separately, the general view is not entirely illustrated. Until now, there has been no common methodology for evaluating the efficiency of models; the trust in the prediction of a special engineering model has generally relied on the engineer's experience. In this paper the basics of evaluation of simple models and coupled partial models of frame structures will be discussed using sustainable numerical methods. Furthermore, quality classes (levels) of design tasks will be defined based on their practical relevance. In addition, analysis methods will be systemized. After analysis of different published assessment methods, it may be noted, that the Efficiency Indicator Method (EWM) is most suitable for the observed evaluation problem. Therefore, the EWM was modified to the Model Efficiency Analysis (MEA) for the purpose of a holistic evaluation. The criteria are characterized by two groups, benefit and expenditure, and it is possible by calculating the quotient (benefit/expenditure) to make a statement about the efficiency of the observed models. Presently, the expenditure value is not a subject of investigation, and so the model efficiency is calculated only by the benefit value. This paper also contains the associated criteria catalog, different normalization methods, as well as weighting possibilities.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Nikulla, author = {Nikulla, Susanne}, title = {INFLUENCE OF THE ABSTRACTION LEVEL IN KINEMATICAL MODELS OF FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATIONS}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2878}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28780}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Nonlinear analyses are characterised by approximations of the fundamental equations in different quality. Starting with a general description of nonlinear finite element formulation the fundamental equations are derived for plane truss elements. Special emphasis is placed on the determination of internal and external system energy as well as influence of different quality approaches for the displacement-strain relationship on solution quality. To simplify the solution procedure the nonlinear function describing the kinematics is expanded into a Taylor series and truncated after the n-th series term. The different kinematics influence speed of convergence as well as exactness of solution. On a simple truss structure this influence is shown. To assess the quality of different formulations concerning the nonlinear kinematic equation three approaches are discussed. First the overall internal and external energy is compared for different kinematical models. In a second step the energy content related to single terms describing displacement-strain relationship is investigated and used for quality control following two different paths. Based on single ε-terms an adaptive scheme is used to change the kinematical model depending on increasing nonlinearity of the structure. The solution quality has turned out satisfactory compared to the exact result. More detailed investigations are necessary to find criteria for the threshold values for the iterative process as well as for decision on number and step size of incremental load steps.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Nasser, author = {Nasser, Mourad}, title = {SEISMIC RESPONSE OF R/C FRAMES CONSIDERING DYNAMIC SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2875}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28759}, pages = {17}, abstract = {In spite of the extensive research in dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI), there still exist miscon-ceptions concerning the role of SSI in the seismic performance of structures, especially the ones founded on soft soil. This is due to the fact that current analytical SSI models that are used to evaluate the influence of soil on the overall structural behavior are approximate models and may involve creeds and practices that are not always precise. This is especially true in the codified approaches which in-clude substantial approximations to provide simple frameworks for the design. As the direct numerical analysis requires a high computational effort, performing an analysis considering SSI is computationally uneconomical for regular design applications. This paper outlines the set up some milestones for evaluating SSI models. This will be achieved by investigating the different assumptions and involved factors, as well as varying the configurations of R/C moment-resisting frame structures supported by single footings which are subject to seismic excita-tions. It is noted that the scope of this paper is to highlight, rather than fully resolve, the above subject. A rough draft of the proposed approach is presented in this paper, whereas a thorough illustration will be carried out throughout the presentation in the course of the conference.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Most, author = {Most, Thomas}, title = {ESTIMATING UNCERTAINTIES FROM INACCURATE MEASUREMENT DATA USING MAXIMUM ENTROPY DISTRIBUTIONS}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2873}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28732}, pages = {14}, abstract = {Modern engineering design often considers uncertainties in geometrical and material parameters and in the loading conditions. Based on initial assumptions on the stochastic properties as mean values, standard deviations and the distribution functions of these uncertain parameters a probabilistic analysis is carried out. In many application fields probabilities of the exceedance of failure criteria are computed. The out-coming failure probability is strongly dependent on the initial assumptions on the random variable properties. Measurements are always more or less inaccurate data due to varying environmental conditions during the measurement procedure. Furthermore the estimation of stochastic properties from a limited number of realisation also causes uncertainties in these quantities. Thus the assumption of exactly known stochastic properties by neglecting these uncertainties may not lead to very useful probabilistic measures in a design process. In this paper we assume the stochastic properties of a random variable as uncertain quantities caused by so-called epistemic uncertainties. Instead of predefined distribution types we use the maximum entropy distribution which enables the description of a wide range of distribution functions based on the first four stochastic moments. These moments are taken again as random variables to model the epistemic scatter in the stochastic assumptions. The main point of this paper is the discussion on the estimation of these uncertain stochastic properties based on inaccurate measurements. We investigate the bootstrap algorithm for its applicability to quantify the uncertainties in the stochastic properties considering imprecise measurement data. Based on the obtained estimates we apply standard stochastic analysis on a simple example to demonstrate the difference and the necessity of the proposed approach.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeipoldSchwarz, author = {Leipold, Mathias and Schwarz, Jochen}, title = {MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR RC-FRAME SYSTEMS WITH INFILLS}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2868}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28684}, pages = {16}, abstract = {There are many different approaches to simulate the mechanical behavior of RC-Frames with masonry infills. In this paper, selected modeling techniques for masonry infills and reinforced concrete frame members will be discussed - stressing the attention on the damaging effects of the individual members and the entire system under quasi-static horizontal loading. The effect of the infill walls on the surrounding frame members is studied using equivalent strut elements. The implemented model consider in-plane failure modes for the infills, such as bed joint sliding and corner crushing. These frame member models differ with respect to their stress state. Finally, examples are provided and compared with experimental data from a real size test executed on a three story RC-Frame with and without infills. The quality of the model is evaluated on the basis of load-displacement relationships as well as damage progression.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Knabe, author = {Knabe, Tina}, title = {CONSTITUTIVE MODELS FOR SUBSOIL IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2862}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28628}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Parameters of constitutive models are obtained generally comparing the results of forward numerical simulations to measurement data. Mostly the parameter values are varied by trial-and-error in order to reach an improved fit and obtain plausible results. However, the description of complex soil behavior requires advanced constitutive models where the rising complexity of these models mainly increases the number of unknown constitutive parameters. Thus an efficient identification "by hand" becomes quite difficult for most practical geotechnical problems. The main focus of this article is on finding a vector of parameters in a given search space which minimizes discrepancy between measurements and the associated numerical result. Classically, the parameter values are estimated from laboratory tests on small samples (triaxial tests or oedometer tests). For this purpose an automatic population-based approach is present to determine the material parameters for reconstituted and natural Bothkennar Clay. After the identification a statistical assessment is carried out of numerical results to evaluate different constitutive models. On the other side a geotechnical problem, stone columns under an embankment, is treated in a well instrumented field trial in Klagenfurt, Austria. For the identification purpose there are measurements from multilevel-piezometers, multilevel-extensometers and horizontal inclinometer. Based on the simulation of the stone columns in a FE-Model the identification of the constitutive parameters is similar to the experimental tests by minimizing the absolute error between measurement and numerical curves.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KeitelDimmigOsburgZabel, author = {Keitel, Holger and Dimmig-Osburg, Andrea and Zabel, Volkmar}, title = {CHARACTERIZATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DEFORMATIONS OF POLYMER CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC)}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2855}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28552}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Tests on Polymer Modified Cement Concrete (PCC) have shown significant large creep deformation. The reasons for that as well as additional material phenomena are explained in the following paper. Existing creep models developed for standard concrete are studied to determine the time-dependent deformations of PCC. These models are: model B3 by Bažant and Bajewa, the models according to Model Code 90 and ACI 209 as well as model GL2000 by Gardner and Lockman. The calculated creep strains are compared to existing experimental data of PCC and the differences are pointed out. Furthermore, an optimization of the model parameters is performed to fit the models to the experimental data to achieve a better model prognosis.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KarakiFreundtVogt, author = {Karaki, Ghada and Freundt, Ursula and Vogt, Ralf}, title = {MODELING OF BRIDGE BEARING UNDER TRANSIENT LOADING}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2854}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28544}, pages = {11}, abstract = {The evident advances of the computational power of the digital computers enable the modeling of the total system of structures. Such modeling demands compatible representations of the couplings of different structural subsystems. Therefore, models of dynamic interaction between the vehicle and the bridge and models of a bridge bearing, a coupling element between the bridge's superstructure and substructure, are of interest and discussed within this paper. The vehicle-bridge interaction may be described as a function connecting two sets of behavior. In this case, the coupling is embodied by mutual parameters that affect both systems, such as the frequency content of the bridge and the vehicle. Whereas the bridge bearings are elements used specifically to couple, in such elements the deformation and the transferred loads are used in characterizing the coupling The nature of these couplings and their influence on the bridge response is different. However, the need to assess the amount of dynamic response transferred by or within these couplings is a common argument.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FroebelFirmenichKoch, author = {Fr{\"o}bel, Toni and Firmenich, Berthold and Koch, Christian}, title = {COUPLING PATTERNS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28443}, pages = {15}, abstract = {Buildings can be divided into various types and described by a huge number of parameters. Within the life cycle of a building, especially during the design and construction phases, a lot of engineers with different points of view, proprietary applications and data formats are involved. The collaboration of all participating engineers is characterised by a high amount of communication. Due to these aspects, a homogeneous building model for all engineers is not feasible. The status quo of civil engineering is the segmentation of the complete model into partial models. Currently, the interdependencies of these partial models are not in the focus of available engineering solutions. This paper addresses the problem of coupling partial models in civil engineering. According to the state-of-the-art, applications and partial models are formulated by the object-oriented method. Although this method solves basic communication problems like subclass coupling directly it was found that many relevant coupling problems remain to be solved. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse and classify the relevant coupling types in building modelling. Coupling in computer science refers to the relationship between modules and their mutual interaction and can be divided into different coupling types. The coupling types differ on the degree by which the coupled modules rely upon each other. This is exemplified by a general reference example from civil engineering. A uniform formulation of coupling patterns is described analogously to design patterns, which are a common methodology in software engineering. Design patterns are templates for describing a general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem. A template is independent of the programming language and the operating system. These coupling patterns are selected according to the specific problems of building modelling. A specific meta-model for coupling problems in civil engineering is introduced. In our meta-model the coupling patterns are a semantic description of a specific coupling design.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BombasaroBucher, author = {Bombasaro, Emanuel and Bucher, Christian}, title = {INVESTIGATION OF MODELING ERRORS OF DIFFERENT RANDOM FIELD BASED WIND LOAD FORMULATIONS}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2831}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28318}, pages = {11}, abstract = {In this paper the influence of changes in the mean wind velocity, the wind profile power-law coefficient, the drag coefficient of the terrain and the structural stiffness are investigated on different complex structural models. This paper gives a short introduction to wind profile models and to the approach by Davenport A. G. to compute the structural reaction of wind induced vibrations. Firstly with help of a simple example (a skyscraper) this approach is shown. Using this simple example gives the reader the possibility to study the variance differences when changing one of the above mentioned parameters on this very easy example and see the influence of different complex structural models on the result. Furthermore an approach for estimation of the needed discretization level is given. With the help of this knowledge the structural model design methodology can be base on deeper understanding of the different behavior of the single models.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KhosravianWuttke, author = {Khosravian, Reza and Wuttke, Frank}, title = {QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOIL MODELING APPROACH ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A SMALL-SCALE 2-DOF STRUCTURE WITH PILE FOUNDATION}, series = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, booktitle = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and Lahmer, Tom}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2808}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28080}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Known as a sophisticated phenomenon in civil engineering problems, soil structure interaction has been under deep investigations in the field of Geotechnics. On the other hand, advent of powerful computers has led to development of numerous numerical methods to deal with this phenomenon, resulting in a wide variety of methods trying to simulate the behavior of the soil stratum. This survey studies two common approaches to model the soil's behavior in a system consisting of a structure with two degrees of freedom, representing a two-storey frame structure made of steel, with the column resting on a pile embedded into sand in laboratory scale. The effect of soil simulation technique on the dynamic behavior of the structure is of major interest in the study. Utilized modeling approaches are the so-called Holistic method, and substitution of soil with respective impedance functions.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KavrakovTimmlerMorgenthal, author = {Kavrakov, Igor and Timmler, Hans-Georg and Morgenthal, Guido}, title = {STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION USING THE ENERGY METHOD WITH INTEGRAL MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR}, series = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, booktitle = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and Lahmer, Tom}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2806}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28065}, pages = {6}, abstract = {With the advances of the computer technology, structural optimization has become a prominent field in structural engineering. In this study an unconventional approach of structural optimization is presented which utilize the Energy method with Integral Material behaviour (EIM), based on the Lagrange's principle of minimum potential energy. The equilibrium condition with the EIM, as an alternative method for nonlinear analysis, is secured through minimization of the potential energy as an optimization problem. Imposing this problem as an additional constraint on a higher cost function of a structural property, a bilevel programming problem is formulated. The nested strategy of solution of the bilevel problem is used, treating the energy and the upper objective function as separate optimization problems. Utilizing the convexity of the potential energy, gradient based algorithms are employed for its minimization and the upper cost function is minimized using the gradient free algorithms, due to its unknown properties. Two practical examples are considered in order to prove the efficiency of the method. The first one presents a sizing problem of I steel section within encased composite cross section, utilizing the material nonlinearity. The second one is a discrete shape optimization of a steel truss bridge, which is compared to a previous study based on the Finite Element Method.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} }