@article{SchwenkeSoebkeKraft,
  author    = {Schwenke, Nicolas and S{\"o}bke, Heinrich and Kraft, Eckhard},
  title     = {Potentials and Challenges of Chatbot-Supported Thesis Writing: An Autoethnography},
  series = {Trends in Higher Education},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Trends in Higher Education},
  number    = {Volume 2, issue 4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/higheredu2040037},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20231207-65016},
  pages     = {611 -- 635},
  abstract  = {The release of the large language model-based chatbot ChatGPT 3.5 in November 2022 has brought considerable attention to the subject of artificial intelligence, not only to the public. From the perspective of higher education, ChatGPT challenges various learning and assessment formats as it significantly reduces the effectiveness of their learning and assessment functionalities. In particular, ChatGPT might be applied to formats that require learners to generate text, such as bachelor theses or student research papers. Accordingly, the research question arises to what extent writing of bachelor theses is still a valid learning and assessment format. Correspondingly, in this exploratory study, the first author was asked to write his bachelor's thesis exploiting ChatGPT. For tracing the impact of ChatGPT methodically, an autoethnographic approach was used. First, all considerations on the potential use of ChatGPT were documented in logs, and second, all ChatGPT chats were logged. Both logs and chat histories were analyzed and are presented along with the recommendations for students regarding the use of ChatGPT suggested by a common framework. In conclusion, ChatGPT is beneficial for thesis writing during various activities, such as brainstorming, structuring, and text revision. However, there are limitations that arise, e.g., in referencing. Thus, ChatGPT requires continuous validation of the outcomes generated and thus fosters learning. Currently, ChatGPT is valued as a beneficial tool in thesis writing. However, writing a conclusive thesis still requires the learner's meaningful engagement. Accordingly, writing a thesis is still a valid learning and assessment format. With further releases of ChatGPT, an increase in capabilities is to be expected, and the research question needs to be reevaluated from time to time.},
  subject      = {Chatbot},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LondongBarthSoebke,
  author    = {Londong, J{\"o}rg and Barth, Marcus and S{\"o}bke, Heinrich},
  title     = {Reducing antimicrobial resistances by source separation of domestic wastewater},
  series = {Frontiers in Environmental Health},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Environmental Health},
  number    = {Volume 2, article 1151898},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  doi       = {10.3389/fenvh.2023.1151898},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230403-49483},
  pages     = {1 -- 5},
  abstract  = {Antimicrobial resistances (AMR) are ranked among the top ten threats to public health and societal development worldwide. Toilet wastewater contained in domestic wastewater is a significant source of AMR entering the aquatic environment. The current commonly implemented combined sewer systems at times cause overflows during rain events, resulting in the discharge of untreated wastewater into the aquatic environment, thus promoting AMR. In this short research article, we describe an approach to transform combined sewer systems into source separation-modified combined sewer systems that separately treat toilet wastewater. We employ simulations for demonstrating that source separation-modified combined sewer systems reduce the emission of AMR- causing substances by up to 11.5 logarithm levels. Thus, source separation- modified combined sewer systems are amongst the most effective means of combating AMR. KEYWORDS},
  subject      = {Allgemeinheit},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SoebkeLueck,
  author    = {S{\"o}bke, Heinrich and L{\"u}ck, Andrea},
  title     = {Framing Algorithm-Driven Development of Sets of Objectives Using Elementary Interactions},
  series = {Applied System Innovation},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Applied System Innovation},
  number    = {Volume 5, issue 3, article 49},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/asi5030049},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220713-46624},
  pages     = {1 -- 20},
  abstract  = {Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an established methodology to support the decision-making of multi-objective problems. For conducting an MCDA, in most cases, a set of objectives (SOO) is required, which consists of a hierarchical structure comprised of objectives, criteria, and indicators. The development of an SOO is usually based on moderated development processes requiring high organizational and cognitive effort from all stakeholders involved. This article proposes elementary interactions as a key paradigm of an algorithm-driven development process for an SOO that requires little moderation efforts. Elementary interactions are self-contained information requests that may be answered with little cognitive effort. The pairwise comparison of elements in the well-known analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is an example of an elementary interaction. Each elementary interaction in the development process presented contributes to the stepwise development of an SOO. Based on the hypothesis that an SOO may be developed exclusively using elementary interactions (EIs), a concept for a multi-user platform is proposed. Essential components of the platform are a Model Aggregator, an Elementary Interaction Stream Generator, a Participant Manager, and a Discussion Forum. While the latter component serves the professional exchange of the participants, the first three components are intended to be automatable by algorithms. The platform concept proposed has been evaluated partly in an explorative validation study demonstrating the general functionality of the algorithms outlined. In summary, the platform concept suggested demonstrates the potential to ease SOO development processes as the platform concept does not restrict the application domain; it is intended to work with little administration moderation efforts, and it supports the further development of an existing SOO in the event of changes in external conditions. The algorithm-driven development of SOOs proposed in this article may ease the development of MCDA applications and, thus, may have a positive effect on the spread of MCDA applications.},
  subject      = {Multikriteria-Entscheidung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SoebkeLueck,
  author    = {S{\"o}bke, Heinrich and L{\"u}ck, Andrea},
  title     = {Framing Algorithm-Driven Development of Sets of Objectives Using Elementary Interactions},
  series = {Applied System Innovation},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Applied System Innovation},
  number    = {Volume 5, issue 49, article 49},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/asi503004},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220524-46469},
  pages     = {1 -- 21},
  abstract  = {Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an established methodology to support the decision-making of multi-objective problems. For conducting an MCDA, in most cases, a set of objectives (SOO) is required, which consists of a hierarchical structure comprised of objectives, criteria, and indicators. The development of an SOO is usually based on moderated development processes requiring high organizational and cognitive effort from all stakeholders involved. This article proposes elementary interactions as a key paradigm of an algorithm-driven development process for an SOO that requires little moderation efforts. Elementary interactions are self-contained information requests that may be answered with little cognitive effort. The pairwise comparison of elements in the well-known analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is an example of an elementary interaction. Each elementary interaction in the development process presented contributes to the stepwise development of an SOO. Based on the hypothesis that an SOO may be developed exclusively using elementary interactions (EIs), a concept for a multi-user platform is proposed. Essential components of the platform are a Model Aggregator, an Elementary Interaction Stream Generator, a Participant Manager, and a Discussion Forum. While the latter component serves the professional exchange of the participants, the first three components are intended to be automatable by algorithms. The platform concept proposed has been evaluated partly in an explorative validation study demonstrating the general functionality of the algorithms outlined. In summary, the platform concept suggested demonstrates the potential to ease SOO development processes as the platform concept does not restrict the application domain; it is intended to work with little administration moderation efforts, and it supports the further development of an existing SOO in the event of changes in external conditions. The algorithm-driven development of SOOs proposed in this article may ease the development of MCDA applications and, thus, may have a positive effect on the spread of MCDA applications.},
  subject      = {Operations Research},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LondongBarthSoebke,
  author    = {Londong, J{\"o}rg and Barth, Marcus and S{\"o}bke, Heinrich},
  title     = {Modeling and Simulation of Source Separation in Sanitation Systems for Reducing Emissions of Antimicrobial Resistances},
  series = {Water},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Water},
  number    = {Volume 13, issue 23, article 3342},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/w13233342},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20211202-45338},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  abstract  = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxa-zole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic re-sistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfa-methoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5\% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic envi-ronment.},
  subject      = {Abwasser},
  language  = {en}
}