@inproceedings{JaselskisWhiteWalters2004,
  author    = {Jaselskis, Edward and White, David and Walters, Russell},
  title     = {Real time geotechnical field data acquistion using a distributed approach},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.114},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1146},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A distributed geotechnical remote analysis of data system (Distributed G-RAD) can benefit both owners and contractors in providing better quality control and assurance on geotechnical projects. The Distributed G-RAD approach involves efficient data acquisition using PDAs with GPS capability, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for labeling soil samples, laser scanning for measuring lift thickness and volumes of stockpiles and borrow pits. Spatial data storage is provided using a geographic information system (GIS). Portions of this system are already developed while other parts are still being considered. This paper also describes how RFID and laser scanning technologies can be used in the larger Distributed G-RAD system.},
  subject      = {Mobile Computing},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BerkhahnKinkeldeySchleinkofer2004,
  author    = {Berkhahn, Volker and Kinkeldey, Christoph and Schleinkofer, Matthias},
  title     = {Re-Engineering Based on Construction Drawings - From Ground Floor Plan to Product Model},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.183},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1832},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {For the management or reorganisation of existing buildings, data concerning dimensions and construction are necessary. Often these data are given exclusively by paper-based drawings and no digital data such as a computer based product model or even a CAD-model are available. In order to perform mass calculation, damage mapping or a recalculation of the structure these drawings of the building under consideration have to be analysed manually by the engineer. This is a very time-consuming job. In order to close this gap between drawings of an existing building and a digital product model an approach is presented in this paper to digitise a drawing, to build up geometric and topologic models and to recognise construction parts of the building. Finally all recognised parts are transformed into a three-dimensional geometric model which provides all necessary geometric information for the product model. During this import process the semantics of a ground floor plan has to be converted into a 3D-model.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Schneider2004,
  author    = {Schneider, Mike},
  title     = {Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and its Applications in the Commercial Construction Industry},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.106},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1061},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper is a report of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and its potential applications in the commercial construction industry. RFID technology offers wireless communication between RFID tags and readers with non line-of-sight readability. These fundamental properties eliminate manual data entry and introduce the potential for automated processes to increase project productivity, construction safety, and project cost efficiency. Construction contractors, owners, and material suppliers that believe technology can further develop methods and processes in construction should feel obligated to participate in RFID studies for the advancement of the construction industry as a whole.},
  subject      = {RFID},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Weyhe2004,
  author    = {Weyhe, Stefan},
  title     = {Qualit{\"a}tssicherung in der Bauausf{\"u}hrung},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.721},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-7219},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Baum{\"a}ngel und Bausch{\"a}den in der Bauwirtschaft, Auswirkungen von Liberalisierung und Deregulierung auf die Bauqualit{\"a}t, Grundlagen zur Theorie der Bauqualit{\"a}t, die Praxis der baubegleitenden Qualit{\"a}tssicherung, Kritik an der baubegleitenden Qualit{\"a}tssicherung, Folgerungen f{\"u}r neue Ans{\"a}tze},
  subject      = {Baubetriebslehre},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BreitKuendigHaeubi2004,
  author    = {Breit, Manfred and K{\"u}ndig, Daniel and H{\"a}ubi, Fritz},
  title     = {Project oriented learning environment (POLE-Europe)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.93},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-935},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The presented work focuses on collaboration- experiences gathered with complex design and engineering projects, using the learning platform POLE- Europe. Within the POLE environment student-teams from different universities, disciplines and cultural backgrounds are assigned to real-world projects with clearly defined design - tasks, usually to be accomplished within one semester while working in a virtual environment for most of the time. The concept of POLE and the information and collaboration technology is described.},
  subject      = {Bautechnik},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Huhnt2004,
  author    = {Huhnt, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Progress Measurement in Planning Processes on the Base of Process Models},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.166},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1664},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper presents a specific modeling technique that is focused on preparing planning processes in civil engineering. Planning processes in civil engineering are characterized by some peculiarities so that the sequence of planning tasks needs to be determined for each planning project. Neither the use of optimized partial processes nor the use of lower detailed and optimized processes guarantee an optimal overall planning process. The modeling technique considers these peculiarities. In a first step, it is focused on the logic of the planning process. Algorithms based on the graph theory determine that logic. This approach ensures consistency and logical correctness of the description of a planning process at the early beginning in its preparation phase. Sets of data - the products of engineers like technical drawings, technical models, reports, or specifications - form the core of the presented modeling technique. The production of these sets of data requires time and money. This is expressed by a specific weighting of each set of data in the presented modeling technique. The introduction of these weights allows an efficient progress measurement and controlling of a planning project. For this purpose, a link between the modeling technique used in the preparation phase and the execution phase is necessary so that target and actual values are available for controlling purposes. The present paper covers the description of this link. An example is given to illustrate the use of the modeling technique for planning processes in civil engineering projects.},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Firmenich2004,
  author    = {Firmenich, Berthold},
  title     = {Product Models in Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.211},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2119},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The Priority Programme 'Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering' of the 'German Research Foundation' (DFG) has been established in the year 2000. This paper describes and discusses the main research directions and first results of the workgroup 'Distributed Product Models'. The five projects of the workgroup have developed completely different solutions for specific application domains. Each solution concept deals with a consistent product modeling and knowledge processing in a distributed environment in the planning process. The individual solution approaches of the projects are described and the underlying basic assumptions are discussed. A unified system architecture is described for all projects of the workgroup. Two different approaches (object-oriented and graph-based models) have been introduced for product and knowledge modeling. The common structure of these models will be explained to fully understand the differences of these modeling approaches. Finally the concepts for co-operative work and conflict management in a distributed environment are described: The solution approaches will be distinguished by classifying the supported co-operation according to time. A final scientific summary describes the state-of-the-art in network based co-operation in structural engineering: The role of research directions like knowledge modeling, standard product modeling and versioning in the distributed planning process will be explained.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HaenninenLaine2004,
  author    = {H{\"a}nninen, Reijo and Laine, Tuomas},
  title     = {Product Models and Life Cycle Data Management in real Projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.152},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1528},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Building project, with many different players involved, requires open and commonly accepted standard for product model description. Product model based design tools support easy comparisons of design alternatives and optimisation of design solution technical quality. This supports client s decision-making and design target comparisons through the whole building project. Use of product models enable these tasks to meet both schedule and cost requirements Olof Granlund is using product models and interoperable software as the main tool in projects. The use and the realised benefits are illustrated by examples from 3 different real projects: University building, where product models were used already in the very early phases by the whole design team. Office building for research organisation, where product models were used in so called self-reporting building system. Headquarters for international company, where product models were widely used for building performance analysis and visualisations in design phase as well as for facilities management system configuration for operational phase.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoltzhauerSaal2004,
  author    = {Holtzhauer, Eric and Saal, Helmut},
  title     = {Product modelling in the steel construction domain},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.241},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2415},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The complexity of the relationships between the actors of a building project requires high efficiency in communication. Among other things, data sharing is crucial. The exchange of data is made possible by interfaces between expert programs, which rely on product models. The latter are neutral standards with formal definitions of building objects and their attributes. This paper deals with the state of the art and the research activities concerning product models in the steel construction domain and the advantages provided by this technology for the sector.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WenderDonathPetzold2004,
  author    = {Wender, Katrin and Donath, Dirk and Petzold, Frank},
  title     = {Preparation and provision of building information for planning within existing built contexts},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.182},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1829},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A prerequisite for planning within existing built contexts is precise information regarding the building substance, its construction and materials, possible damages and any modifications and additions that may have occurred during its lifetime. Using the information collected in a building survey the user should be able to "explore" the building in virtual form, as well as to assess the information contained with regard to a specific planning aspect. The functionality provided by an information module should cover several levels of information provision ranging from 'simple retrieval' of relevant information to the analysis and assessment of stored information with regard to particular question sets. Through the provision of basic functionality at an elementary level and the ability to extend this using plug-ins, the system concept of an open extendable system is upheld. Using this modular approach, different levels of information provision can be provided as required during the planning process.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DonathTonn2004,
  author    = {Donath, Dirk and Tonn, Christian},
  title     = {Plausibility in Architectural Design - Software Support for the Architect-oriented Design of Colour Schemes for Interiors and Buildings},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.149},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1498},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The approach discussed here is part of research into an overall concept for digital instruments which support the entire planning process and help in enabling planning decisions to be based upon clear reasoning and plausible arguments. Such specialist systems must take into account currently available technology, such as networked working patterns, object-orientation, building and product models as well as the working method of the planner. The paper describes a plausibility instrument for the formulation of colour scheme proposals for building interiors and elevations. With the help of intuitively usable light simulations, colour, material and spatial concepts can be assessed realistically. The software prototype "Coloured Architecture" is conceived as a professional extension to conventional design tools for the modelling of buildings. As such it can be used by the architect in the earliest design phases of the planning process as well as for colour implementation on location.},
  subject      = {CAD / Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TonnWolkowiczThurow2004,
  author    = {Tonn, Christian and Wolkowicz, Christian and Thurow, Torsten},
  title     = {Plausibility in Architectural Design - DOMEdesign - Software Support for the formal shaping and architect-oriented design of shell structures},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.181},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1812},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Complex gridshell structures used in architecturally ambitious constructions remain as appealing as ever in the public realm. This paper describes the theory and approach behind the software realisation of a tool which helps in finding the affine self-weight geometry of gridshell structures. The software tool DOMEdesign supports the formal design process of lattice and grid shell structures based upon the laws of physics. The computer-aided simulation of suspension models is used to derive structurally favourable forms for domes and arches subject to compression load, based upon the input of simple architectonic parameters. Irregular plans, three-dimensional topography, a choice different kinds of shell lattice structures and the desired height of the dome are examples of design parameters which can be used to modify the architectural design. The provision of data export formats for structural dimensioning and visualisation software enables engineers and planners to use the data in future planning and to communicate the design to the client.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Kapellmann2004,
  author    = {Kapellmann, Klaus D.},
  title     = {Planungshaftung bei Vertr{\"a}gen auf der Basis funktionaler oder teilfunktionaler Leistungsbeschreibung},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.718},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-7188},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Funktionale Leistungsbeschreibung, das auf die Planung anzuwendende Recht, vertragliche Zuteilung der Planungspflicht, fehlerhafte Auftraggeberplanung, Probleme beim Construction Management},
  subject      = {Baubetriebslehre},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KangMiranda2004,
  author    = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo},
  title     = {Physics Based Model for Simulating the Dynamics of Tower Cranes},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.240},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2409},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GaoWuRen2004,
  author    = {Gao, Zuoren and Wu, Weiyu and Ren, Aizhu},
  title     = {Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.238},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShihLee2004,
  author    = {Shih, Naai-Jung and Lee, Wen-Pang},
  title     = {Particle Simulation and Evaluation of Personal Exposure to Contaminant Sources in an Elevation Space},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.237},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2376},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {An elevator, which figures a small volume, is normally used by everyone for a short period of time and equipped with simple ventilation system..Any contaminant released within it may cause serious problem. This research adapt a fire and smoke simulation software (FDS) into non-fire indoor airflow scario. Differently from previous research, particles are chosen as a risk evalution unit. A personal and multi-personal exposure model is proposed. The model takes the influence of the human thermal boundary, coughing, inhalation, exhalation, standing position, and the fan factor into account. The model is easy-to-use and suitable for the design of elevator system in practice.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VogelBreitMaerki2004,
  author    = {Vogel, Manfred and Breit, Manfred and M{\"a}rki, Fabian},
  title     = {Optimization of 4D Process Planning using Genetic Algorithms},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.236},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2360},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The presented work focuses on the presentation of a discrete event simulator which can be used for automated sequencing and optimization of building processes. The sequencing is based on the commonly used component-activity-resource relations taking structural and process constraints into account. For the optimization a genetic algorithm approach was developed, implemented and successfully applied to several real life steel constructions. In this contribution we discuss the application of the discrete event simulator including its optimization capabilities on a 4D process model of a steel structure of an automobile recycling facility.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BargstaedtBlicklingKath2004,
  author    = {Bargst{\"a}dt, Hans-Joachim and Blickling, Arno and Kath, Thilo},
  title     = {Optimierung der Planung von Baustelleneinrichtungen mit 3-D-Technologien},
  series = {Hoch- und Tiefbau 1/2-2004, S. 24-27},
  journal   = {Hoch- und Tiefbau 1/2-2004, S. 24-27},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.559},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5599},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Der Einsatz von CAD-Applikationen hat die Planungsarbeit im Bauwesen entscheidend ver{\"a}ndert. In der Entwurfsplanung sind die {\"A}nderungen bereits deutlich erkennbar. Seit der Anwendung von dreidimensionalen Planungswerkzeugen kann der Bauherr das Bauwerk in seiner virtuellen Gesamtheit am Computer betrachten und bewerten. Dies bietet viele Vorteile. So ist der Planer gezwungen alle wesentlichen Details a priori exakt zu planen, wodurch viele Fehler vermieden werden k{\"o}nnen. Dies bietet insbesondere f{\"u}r Planungen in Baubetrieben, z.B. im Rahmen der Arbeitsvorbereitung, neue Einsatzm{\"o}glichkeiten.},
  subject      = {Weimar / Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t / Professur Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{YamabeKawamuraTani2004,
  author    = {Yamabe, Yuichiro and Kawamura, Hiroshi and Tani, Akinori},
  title     = {Optimal Design for Recurrent Architecture Network Harmonized with Circulation-type Societies by Applying Genetic Algorithms to Multiagent Model},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.189},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1892},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In this paper, a circulation-type society is expressed by recurrent architecture network described with multi-agent model which consists of the following agents: user, builder, reuse maker, fabricator, waste disposer, material maker and earth bank (see Fig.1). Structural members, materials, resources and monies move among these agents. Each agent has its own rules and aims, regarding structural damages, lifetime, cost reduction, numbers of structural members and structural systems. Reasonable prices of members (fresh, reused, recycled and disposed) can be optimized by GAs in this system considering equal distribution of monies among agents.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HsiehChenShyu2004,
  author    = {Hsieh, Shang-Hsien and Chen, Chuin-Shan and Shyu, Hsin-Yih},
  title     = {On Computer-Aided Instruction Tools for Teaching College Engineering Mechanics Related Courses},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.92},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-926},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In this research, questionnaires are designed to survey among teachers and students the current situation of applying Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) tools to teaching and learning of college engineering mechanics related courses in Taiwan. The needs for CAI tools for teaching these mechanics related courses are investigated in the survey. Several prototypes of interactive multimedia tools are designed and implemented using information technologies. The applicability and effectiveness of these tools on assisting teaching of engineering mechanics related courses are discussed and evaluated. Moreover, a website for managing and sharing collected and developed CAI resources is constructed.},
  subject      = {Bautechnik},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MundaniBungartz2004,
  author    = {Mundani, Ralf-Peter and Bungartz, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Octrees for Cooperative Work in a Network-Based Environment},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.146},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1460},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Assuring global consistency in a cooperative working environment is the main focus of many nowaday research projects in the field of civil engineering and others. In this paper, a new approach based on octrees will be discussed. It will be shown that by the usage of octrees not only the management and control of processes in a network-based working environment can be optimised but also an efficient integration platform for processes from various disciplines - such as architecture and civil engineering - can be provided. By means of an octree-based collision detection resp. consistency assurance a client-server-architecture will be described as well as sophisticated information services for a further support of cooperative work.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BaitschHartmann2004,
  author    = {Baitsch, Matthias and Hartmann, Dietrich},
  title     = {Object Oriented Finite Element Analysis for Structural Optimization using p-Elements},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.108},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1089},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The optimization of continuous structures requires careful attention to discretization errors. Compared to ordinary low order formulation (h-elements) in conjunction with an adaptive mesh refinement in each optimization step, the use of high order finite elements (so called p-elements) has several advantages. However, compared to the h-method a higher order finite element analysis program poses higher demands from a software engineering point of view. In this article the basics of an object oriented higher order finite element system especially tailored to the use in structural optimization is presented. Besides the design of the system, aspects related to the employed implementation language Java are discussed.},
  subject      = {Konzipieren <Technik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schlegel2004,
  author    = {Schlegel, Roger},
  title     = {Numerische Berechnung von Mauerwerkstrukturen in homogenen und diskreten Modellierungsstrategien},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.229},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041213-2369},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Im Zentrum der Arbeit stehen die Entwicklung, Verifikation, Implementierung und Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit numerischer Berechnungsmodelle f{\"u}r Mauerwerk im Rahmen der Kontinuums- und Diskontinuumsmechanik. Makromodelle beschreiben das Mauerwerk als verschmiertes Ersatzkontinuum. Mikromodelle ber{\"u}cksichtigen durch die Modellierung der einzelnen Steine und Fugen die Struktur des Mauerwerkverbandes. Soll dar{\"u}ber hinaus der durch die Querdehnungsinteraktion zwischen Stein und M{\"o}rtel hervorgerufene heterogene Spannungszustand im Mauerwerk abgebildet werden, so ist ein detailliertes Mikromodell, welches Steine und Fugen in ihren exakten geometrischen Dimensionen ber{\"u}cksichtigt, erforderlich. Demgegen{\"u}ber steht die vereinfachte Mikromodellierung, bei der die Fugen mit Hilfe von Kontaktalgorithmen beschrieben werden. Im Rahmen der Makromodellierung werden neue r{\"a}umliche Materialmodelle f{\"u}r verschiedene ein- und mehrschalige Mauerwerkarten hergeleitet. Die vorgestellten Modelle ber{\"u}cksichtigen die Anisotropie der Steifigkeiten, der Festigkeiten sowie des Ver- und Entfestigungsverhaltens. Die numerische Implementation erfolgt mit Hilfe moderner elastoplastischer Algorithmen im Rahmen der impliziten Finite Element Methode in das Programm ANSYS. Innerhalb der detaillierten Mikromodellierung wird ein neues, aus Materialbeschreibungen f{\"u}r Stein, M{\"o}rtel sowie deren Verbund bestehendes nichtlineares Berechnungsmodell entwickelt und in das Programm ANSYS implementiert. Die diskontinuumsmechanische Beschreibung von Mauerwerk im Rahmen der vereinfachten Mikromodellierung erfolgt unter Verwendung der expliziten Distinkt Element Methode mit Hilfe der Programme UDEC und 3DEC. An praktischen Beispielen werden Probleme der Tragf{\"a}higkeitsbewertung gemauerter Bogenbr{\"u}cken, M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Bewertung vorhandener Rissbildungen und Sch{\"a}digungen an historischen Mauerwerkstrukturen und Traglastberechnungen an gemauerten St{\"u}tzen ausgewertet und analysiert.},
  subject      = {Mauerwerk},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Woehlecke2004,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {W{\"o}hlecke, Guido},
  title     = {Numerische Auswertung des Einflusses von Baugrundkenngr{\"o}ßen auf die Erstellung von Baugrundmodellen f{\"u}r ein Linienbauwerk},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.673},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-6732},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Die Entstehung des Baugrundes ist gepr{\"a}gt durch die Genese und von anthropogenen Einfl{\"u}ssen. In der Arbeit werden auf der Grundlage isotroper Betrachtungen im Halbraum Prognosen f{\"u}r unbeprobte Bereiche eines linienf{\"o}rmigen Bauwerkes erstellt. Aufbauend auf dem bekannten Algorithmus der Geostatistik werden Berechnungen mit deterministischen Eingangsgr{\"o}ßen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Diese sind in einem Datensatz zusammengefasst und gehen ohne Unterteilung bzw. Bildung von (Homogen)Bereichen in die Sch{\"a}tzungen ein. Zur Anwendung kam dabei die an der Professur Grundbau der Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar entwickelte Software GeoStat. Nach der Variogrammanalyse folgten geostatistische Berechnungen mit dem Ordinary und dem Universal Kriging. Der genutzte Datensatz unterlag dabei mehrfachen Modifikationen, um Unterschiede in der Ergebnisbildung beobachten zu k{\"o}nnen. Die Krigingsch{\"a}tzungen wurden f{\"u}r subjektiv ausgew{\"a}hlte Beprobungspunkte erstellt, die mit Referenzprofilen verglichen werden konnten. Im Ergebnis traten f{\"u}r alle durchgef{\"u}hrten Simulationen erhebliche Abweichungen der berechneten Werte zu den Referenzprofilen auf. Die Verwendung von Datens{\"a}tzen ohne eine vorherige Bearbeitung und Unterteilung in Homogenbereiche erweist sich als nicht ratsam. Vielmehr ist es notwendig kompliziertere Krigingvarianten einzusetzen bzw. die benutzten Methoden mit anderen Verfahren zu kombinieren.},
  subject      = {Geostatistik},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Suzuki2004,
  author    = {Suzuki, Aketo},
  title     = {Numerical Analysis for Prediction as to Influence of Digging a Tunnel on Groundwater},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.113},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1133},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper describes monitoring of the in-valley discharge and underground water level at the place where the tunnel will be constructed and also, the numerical analysis for prediction applying the Tank Model and Linear Filter Method to calculate the prediction. The application of these analyses has actually allowed the change of underground water level to be grasped and more effective information system to be established by comparing the real-time monitoring data with the real-time calculation of prediction.},
  subject      = {Mobile Computing},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MelhemCheng2004,
  author    = {Melhem, Hani and Cheng, Yousheng},
  title     = {Numeric Prediction Algorithms for Bridge Corrosion},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.198},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1982},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The research reported in this article was conducted to mainly explore the two common numeric prediction techniques, the model tree and the regression tree, when used in conjunction with bagging as a wrapper method. Bagging is used to improve the prediction accuracy of these two algorithms, and results are compared with the ones obtained earlier by the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. From the conducted experiments, both the bagged regression tree and bagged model tree produce better results than not only their corresponding regression tree and model tree alone, but also the KNN with optimal value of k equal to 7. In addition, the bagged model tree yields the lowest prediction errors and a highest correlation coefficient of 0.81. It is demonstrated that it is feasible to use the bagged model tree for engineering applications in prediction problems such as estimating the remaining service life of bridge decks.},
  subject      = {Hochschulbildung},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LiuSoibelmanTrupp2004,
  author    = {Liu, Liang and Soibelman, Lucio and Trupp, Torsten},
  title     = {Novel Technologies for Construction Field Data Collection},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.112},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1120},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A vast growth of advanced information technology systems and tools nowadays is opening new ways to collect accurate as-built data. Since the turn of the millennium, new technology developments enable for the first time to gather accurate as-built information. Accurate as-built data will be of great usage to construction management as well as to designers and engineers. Given that most of the planned data are already digitally available, as-built data remains on paper forms. Information technology developments are opening new ways to digitize construction field data in order to develop intelligent tools for construction management allowing design engineers to update as-planned data. 3D Laser scanning, digital close-range photogrammetry and mobile computing are among the promising data collection technologies, which are auspicious to create new opportunities to develop advanced construction management and engineering tools. Primarily, accurate collected as-built data will be highly beneficial for the process of updating as-planned data.},
  subject      = {Mobile Computing},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{vanRooyenOlivier2004,
  author    = {van Rooyen, G.C. and Olivier, A. H.},
  title     = {Notes on structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.145},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1451},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The worldwide growth of communication networks and associated technologies provide the basic infrastructure for new ways of executing the engineering process. Collaboration amongst team members seperated in time and location is of particular importance. Two broad themes can be recognized in research pertaining to distributed collaboration. One theme focusses on the technical and technological aspects of distributed work, while the other emphasises human aspects thereof. The case of finite element structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory is examined in this paper. An approach is taken which has its roots in human aspects of the structural analysis task. Based on experience of how structural engineers currently approach and execute this task while utilising standard software designed for use on local workstations only, criteria are stated for a software architechture that could support collaborative structural analysis. Aspects of a pilot application and the results of qualitative performance measurements are discussed.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PetzoldBartelsDonath2004,
  author    = {Petzold, Frank and Bartels, Heiko and Donath, Dirk},
  title     = {New techniques in Building Surveying},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.180},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1803},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Building activities in the construction industry in Germany increasingly concentrate on building measures in or involving the existing built environment. Before planning can begin, buildings must be surveyed in whole or in part with the surveying of geometric data playing a dominant role. The geometric survey is typically undertaken using geodetic or photogrammetric measuring techniques and equipment that have been adapted for use in building surveying. Accordingly appropriate technical knowledge is required in order to be able to operate them as well as a considerable financial investment. Such equipment and surveying methods are usually adaptations from other disciplines. The paper discusses and presents approaches to developing "new" equipment for building surveying, devised with the needs of building surveying in mind - redesigns or new designs for surveying tools. The designs are the result of an inter-disciplinary project between the Faculty of Architecture and the Faculty of Product Design at the Bauhaus Universit{\"a}t Weimar.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BrennigSanio2004,
  author    = {Brennig, Thomas and Sanio, Hans-Peter},
  title     = {New Methods of Computer Aided Optimization of Investment and Operating Costs for Buildings During Their Useful Life},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.96},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-965},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Current software solutions for real estate planning, construction and use, do not model the complete life cycle of a building. Well-integrated software tools exist for the planning and construction phases. Data integrity exists throughout the planning and construction phases, but problems occur at the transition to the use-phase. At this interface, the complete data set of planning and execution gets lost. Another software deficiency is that current software solutions don't handle construction work and maintenance work equally. This is why a new software generation is demanded, which continuously covers the entire workflow process from the planning phase to the demolition of a building. New data concepts have to be developed, which allow bringing work items for construction together with work items for real estate use.},
  subject      = {Optimierung},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MeissnerRueppelTheiss2004,
  author    = {Meißner, Udo F. and Rueppel, Uwe and Theiss, Mirko},
  title     = {Network-Based Fire Engineering Supported by Agents},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.144},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1447},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Building design in Civil Engineering is characterized by the cooperation of experts in multiple disciplines. Close cooperation of engineers in different fields is the basis of high product quality, short development periods and a minimum of investment costs. For each building the engineers have to create a new fire engineering model. The consistent realization of the fire engineering model in all details has high demands on communication, collaboration and building models. Thereby, to preserve the related design models consistent to each other and compatible with the rules of fire engineering is a complex task. In addition, regulations and guidelines vary according to the building location, so the knowledge base must be integrated dynamically into the planning process. This contribution covers the integration of engineers and design models into a cooperation network on the basis of mobile agents. The distributed models of architectural design, structural planning and fire engineering are supported. These models are implemented as XML-based models which can be accessed by mobile agents for information retrieval and for processing tasks. Agents are provided to all planners, they are enabled to check up the distributed design models with the knowledge base of the fire protection regulations,. With the use of such an agent each planner is supported to check up his planning for accordance with the fire protection requirements. The fire-engineering-agent analyzes the design and detects inconsistencies by processing fire protection requirements and design model facts in a rule-based expert system. The possibility to check the planning information at an early state in the sense of compatibility to the fire protection regulations enables a comprehensive diagnosis of the design and the reduction of planning errors.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchleyMejstrikHolz2004,
  author    = {Schley, Frank and Mejstrik, Marcus and Holz, K.-Peter},
  title     = {Network Based Co-operation Platform for Geotechnical Engineering},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.143},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1431},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper describes an approach to support co-operation of experts in heterogeneous geotechnical engineering project environments during both regular execution and handling of exceptional situations. A co-operation platform is introduced which is based on a generalized information model mapping key information about the construction project, the construction process as well as the organization structure. Several tools are provided to operate the information model in a network based environment.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EslimyIsfahanyPegels2004,
  author    = {Eslimy-Isfahany, S. H. R. and Pegels, Georg},
  title     = {Net-distributed Co-operation Including Developing Countries, Practical Case Study - Iran},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.142},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1421},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The scientific transfer of key technology features to developing countries, together with adequate competence, localisation and adaptation, is the primary purpose of the proposed investigation. It is evident that introducing high-level CAD design and detailing will improve the planning process in developing countries. Successful utilization of applied information technology for the planning process, however, depends on the user-interface of individual software. Therefore, to open the great opportunity embedded in CAD software for clients globally, the language and character-set barrier of traditional user-interfaces must be overcome. A proposal for a research program is given here to address such issue in favour of global civil engineering.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GebbekenPfeifferVidekhina2004,
  author    = {Gebbeken, Norbert and Pfeiffer, Eberhard and Videkhina, Inna},
  title     = {Modules for the education of civil engineers and the management of expert knowledge},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.91},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-918},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In the focus of the Bologna-contract of the European secretaries of education the universities are invited to aim a unification and comparability of certificates and to offer compatible and cooperative models of education. Among existing lectures in the Internet there will arise a new competition between the universities in netbased teaching and learning environments. For the use of distributed sources of information and for the possibility to generate free configurable sequences of education modules you need management systems which are able to handle different formats of documents and to assemble it to consistent and valid lessons. Beside elementar viewing-functions, fusion of information also administrative tasks are needed, e.g. automated efficiency controls, adaptive learning surroundings. This paper attends to three aspects: - netbased teaching and learning in the area of the instruction of civil engineers - netbased information assembling and fusion of knowledge bases to higher level documents - netbased learning with international coordinated projects},
  subject      = {Bautechnik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Rose2004,
  author    = {Rose, Martin},
  title     = {Modeling of Freeway Traffic},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.263},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2639},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {An integrated modeling of freeway traffic is developed, whose implementation in an uniform computer -aided simulation model facilitate comparative evaluation and systematic coupling of several traffic simulations, traffic controls, traffic measurements and traffic scenarios. The integrated modeling of freeway traffic is a basic mapping of freeway networks, control methods, measurements and different simulations of traffic flow...},
  subject      = {Verkehrsplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RenShiXu2004,
  author    = {Ren, Aizhu and Shi, Jianyong and Xu, Yun},
  title     = {Modeling of Buildings and Roads for Urban Applications based on 2D Digital Maps},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.179},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1791},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Three-dimensional models of urban objects play an important role in the urban applications such as urban planning, environmental concerning, or urban disaster mitigations. While the modeling of urban objects is time consuming and storage costing. This paper presents solutions for this. Buildings with regular shapes and plane roofs are constructed into computer models by identifying of graphic elements from the digital maps of urban area to get building base plane and building heights. Buildings with irregular shapes and non-plane roofs are constructed into computer models by employment of a specific system developed by the authors. Road objects and topologies are constructed into computer models by employment of specific algorithms. The solutions presented in this paper has been used in the development of urban disaster mitigation system for Shantou, China.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Berninger2004,
  author    = {Berninger, Anna Maria},
  title     = {Mikrostrukturelle Eigenschaften von Quarz als Bestandteil sp{\"a}t reagierender, alkaliempfindlicher Zuschl{\"a}ge},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.478},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20050310-4494},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Zwischen den Jahren 1920 und 1930 kam es an der kalifornischen K{\"u}ste zu Bausch{\"a}den an Br{\"u}cken und Fahrbahnen, die sich vor allem in einer deutlichen Rissbildung {\"a}ußerten. Seither werden immer wieder Bausch{\"a}den beschrieben, deren Ursache in der Reaktion von Zuschl{\"a}gen, die „reaktive" Kiesels{\"a}ure enthalten, mit der Porenl{\"o}sung des Betons zu sehen ist. Diese Reaktion wird als Alkali-Kiesels{\"a}ure Reaktion (AKR) bezeichnet. Seit der ersten Ver{\"o}ffentlichung von Stanton {\"u}ber die „alkali-aggregate reaction" an opalhaltigen Zuschl{\"a}gen sind hunderte von Forschungsarbeiten zu diesem Thema durchgef{\"u}hrt und deren Ergebnisse ver{\"o}ffentlicht worden. Trotz eingehender Forschung seit mehr als 8o Jahren ist weder der Mechanismus der AKR vollst{\"a}ndig gekl{\"a}rt noch eine eindeutige Voraussage {\"u}ber die Gef{\"a}hrdung von Bauwerken oder Bauteilen mit potentiell AKR-empfindlichen Zuschl{\"a}gen m{\"o}glich. Das liegt vor allen Dingen daran, das es sich bei der AKR um eine Reaktion handelt, die aus einer komplexen Abfolge chemischer und physikalischer Prozesse besteht, die in ihrer Gesamtheit zu einer Sch{\"a}digung von Beton bzw. Betonbauteilen und Bauwerken f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen. Eine geschlossene Beschreibung und Behandlung dieser Reaktion ist nicht m{\"o}glich, solange keine befriedigende Kenntnis {\"u}ber den Ablauf der einzelnen Schritte vorliegt. Dazu bedarf es grunds{\"a}tzlicher Untersuchungen der einzelnen chemischen und physikalischen Reaktionsschritte sowie einer m{\"o}glichst quantitativen Bewertung der verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren. Grunds{\"a}tzlich gibt es weltweit eine ganze Reihe von Richtlinien und Normen , die dazu verhelfen sollen, Sch{\"a}digungen an Bauwerken durch AKR zu verhindern. In Deutschland ist das momentan g{\"u}ltige Regelwerk die sogenannte Alkali-Richtlinie des deutschen Ausschusses f{\"u}r Stahlbeton (DAfStb). Sie dient zur Beurteilung von Zuschlag nach DIN 4226 [6, 7, 8] mit alkaliempfindlichen Bestandteilen. Dabei bezieht sich der Teil 2 der Richtlinie auf Zuschl{\"a}ge mit Opalsandstein, Kieselkreide und Flint aus bestimmten Gewinnungsgebieten. Hier wird eine reine Zuschlagpr{\"u}fung gefordert. Teil 3 der Richtlinie bezieht sich auf pr{\"a}kambrische Grauwacken und andere alkaliempfindliche Gesteine. Gefordert werden hier Pr{\"u}fungen der Zuschl{\"a}ge selbst sowie Pr{\"u}fung an Betonbalken und 30er W{\"u}rfeln in der Nebelkammer. F{\"u}r die meisten in der Richtlinie genannten Zuschl{\"a}ge bilden die Pr{\"u}fungen und Vorschriften eine ausreichende Sicherheit, um eine AKR zu vermeiden. Dennoch treten immer wieder Sch{\"a}den mit Zuschl{\"a}gen auf, die nach der Alkali-Richtlinie als unempfindlich eingestuft werden m{\"u}ssten. Dabei handelt es sich in der Regel um Schadensf{\"a}lle, die erst nach mehreren Jahren mit sp{\"a}t reagierenden AKR-empfindlichen Zuschl{\"a}gen auftreten. Zu diesen Zuschl{\"a}gen, die gegebenenfalls speziell im Nebelkammertest innerhalb von neun Monaten keine signifikante Dehnung (<0,6mm/m) aufweisen, geh{\"o}ren Stressquarze, Kieselkalk, Granit, Porphyr, Kieselschiefer und Grauwacke. Die vorliegende Arbeit dient speziell der Beurteilung und Einordnung von unterschiedlichen kristallinen Quarzmodifikationen sowie der Ermittlung geeigneter Untersuchungsmethoden f{\"u}r die Beurteilung der AKR-Empfindlichkeit von Quarz.},
  subject      = {Quarz},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{SwaddiwudhipongThoLiu2004,
  author    = {Swaddiwudhipong, Somsak and Tho, Kee Kiat and Liu, Zishun},
  title     = {Material characterization using artificial neural network},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.155},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1550},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Indentation experiments have been carried out over the past century to determine hardness of materials. Modern indentation machines have the capability to continuously monitor load and displacement to high precision and accuracy. In recent years, research interests have focussed on methods to extract material properties from indentation load-displacement curves. Analytical methods to interpret the indentation load-displacement curves are difficult to formulate due to material and geometric nonlinearities as well as complex contact interactions. In the present study, an artificial neural network model was constructed for interpretation of indentation load-displacement curves. Large strain-large deformation finite element analyses were first carried out to simulate indentation experiments. The data from finite element analyses were then used to train the artificial neural network model. The artificial neural network model was able to accurately determine the material properties when presented with load-displacement curves which were not used in the training process. The proposed artificial neural network model is robust and directly relates the characteristics of the indentation loaddisplacement curve to the elasto-plastic material properties.},
  subject      = {Neuronales Netz},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wagner2004,
  author    = {Wagner, Sebastian},
  title     = {MANFRED LEHMBRUCK - Ein Architekt der Moderne},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.739},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060313-7773},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Diese erste umfassende Monographie {\"u}ber den Architekten, Professor und Museumsmann Manfred Lehmbruck (Paris 1913 - Stuttgart 1992) konzentriert sich neben dem Lebensweg und den theoretischen Arbeiten Lehmbrucks zum Museumsbau auf die drei realisierten Museumsbauten: das Reuchlinhaus Pforzheim, das Wilhelm-Lehmbruck-Museum Duisburg und das Federseemuseum Bad Buchau. Aber auch die drei anderen bedeutenden Geb{\"a}udeensembles, die Pausa AG M{\"o}ssingen, die Berufsschule und das Stadtbad Stuttgart-Feuerbach und der Solit{\"a}r der Mittelschule in M{\"o}ssingen, alle fertiggestellt in den Sechziger Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts, werden ausf{\"u}hrlich besprochen. Das umfassende Werkverzeichnis im Anhang zeigt deutlich den Einfluß, den seine Lehrer, allen voran Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, aber auch Heinrich Tessenow, Paul Bonatz und Auguste Perret, auf die Architektursprache Lehmbrucks gehabt haben.},
  subject      = {Architekturwettbewerb},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{MilesCenTaylor2004,
  author    = {Miles, John and Cen, Mei and Taylor, Mark},
  title     = {Linking Sketching and Constraint Checking for Early Conceptual Design},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1548},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1547},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {At the start of the conceptual design process, designers start to give tangible form to their thoughts by sketching. This helps with reasoning and communicates ideas to other members of the team. Sketches are gradually worked up into more formal drawings which are then passed to the other stages of the design process. There are however some problems with basing early ideas on sketching. For example, due to their ad-hoc nature, sketches tend only to be diagrammatic representations and so designers cannot be sure that their ideas are feasible and what is being proposed meets the constraints described in the client brief. This can result in designers wasting time working up ideas which prove to be unsuitable. Also the process of constraint checking is complex and time consuming and so designers tend limit their search of possible options and instead choose satisfying rather than good solutions. This paper describes the INTEGRA project which examines the role of sketching in early conceptual design and how this can be linked to other aspects of the process and particularly automated constraint checking using an IT based approach. The focus for the work is the design of framed buildings. A multi-disciplinary approach has been adopted and the work has been undertaken in close collaboration with practising designers and clients.},
  subject      = {Konzipieren <Technik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GalffyWellmannJelicHartmann2004,
  author    = {Galffy, Mozes and Wellmann Jelic, Andres and Hartmann, Dietrich},
  title     = {Lifetime-oriented modelling of vortex-induced across-wind vibrations on bridge tie rods},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.253},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2536},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The influence of vortex-induces vibrations on vertical tie rods has been proved as a determinant load factor in the lifetime-oriented dimensioning of arched steel bridges. Particularly, the welded connection plates between the suspenders and the arches often exhibit cracks induced primarily rods. In this context, the synchronization of the vortex-shedding to the rod motion in a critical wind velocity range, the so-called lock-in effect, is of essential interest.},
  subject      = {Finite-Elemente-Methode},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ZwoelferThomasSchinketal.2004,
  author    = {Zw{\"o}lfer, Michael and Thomas, Peter and Schink, Claus-J{\"u}rgen and Koch, Volker},
  title     = {Life cycle optimized system solutions for densified housing with massive wood technology},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.98},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-980},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The objective of the joint project 'Life cycle optimised system solutions for densified housing with massive wood technology', short form Basys, was the development and application of an open building system for sustainable construction in a virtual enterprise. Four partners coming from building economy and a university institute developed the building system in a comprehensive planning process. By applying massive wood technology, most requirements of densified housing can be met and individual buildings can be produced on demand.},
  subject      = {Lebenszyklus <Wirtschaft>},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ScheerGama2004,
  author    = {Scheer, Sergio and Gama, Carmen L{\´u}cia G.},
  title     = {Learning objects for a teaching and learning network in structural engineering : Developing learning objects for a structural engineering educational network},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.85},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-856},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Information and Communication Technologies (ITC) in education have been extensively discussed nowadays. In this e-learning scenario, the construction and use of environments that support teaching and learning is a reality. Therefore, for time and general resource savings it is crucial the access to hypermedia contents with great interactivity and with high reusability. Substantial efforts have been centered in the search for a metadata proposal (metadata is a generic term used to describe data that can be used to identify and to describe common characteristics among different documents) that can be standardized and is system independent for the so called learning objects.},
  subject      = {Bautechnik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KashiyamaHamadaTaniguchi2004,
  author    = {Kashiyama, Kazuo and Hamada, Hidetaka and Taniguchi, Takeo},
  title     = {Large Scale Finite Element Simulation and Modeling Using GIS/CAD for Environmental Flows in Urban Area},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.267},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2675},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A large-scale computer modeling and simulation method is presented for environmental flows in urban area. Several GIS and CAD data were used for the preparation of shape model and an automatic mesh generation method based on Delaunay method was developed. Parallel finite element method based on domain decomposition method was employed for the numerical simulation of natural phenomena. The present method was applied to the simulation of flood flow and wind flow in urban area. The present method is shown to be a useful planning and design tool for the natural disasters and the change of environments.},
  subject      = {Geoinformationssystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hartnack2004,
  author    = {Hartnack, Ralf},
  title     = {Langzeittragverhalten von druckbeanspruchten Bauteilen aus Holz},
  series = {Langzeittragverhalten von druckbeanspruchten Bauteilen aus Holz},
  journal   = {Langzeittragverhalten von druckbeanspruchten Bauteilen aus Holz},
  isbn      = {978-3860682548},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.643},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20050527-6732},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Das Langzeittragverhalten von St{\"u}tzen aus Holz wird entscheidend von der Gr{\"o}ße der Dauerlast und dem umgebenden Klima beeinflusst. Im Gegensatz zu Biegetr{\"a}gern haben diese Effekte auch Einfluss auf den Grenzzustand der Tragf{\"a}higkeit und sind unmittelbar Gegenstand von Sicherheitsaspekten. Der Eurocode 5 beachtet dies {\"u}berhaupt nicht, w{\"a}hrend in DIN 1052 (2004:08) Hinweise zur Bemessung gegeben sind. Da der Baustoff Holz infolge seines Wuchscharakters stark streuende Materialparameter aufweist, ist es kaum m{\"o}glich, Experimente in ausreichendem Umfang durchzuf{\"u}hren. Gegen eine solche experimentelle Untersuchung sprechen auch die zu erwartenden hohen Kosten sowie die langandauernden Versuche unter Klimabeanspruchung. Aus diesem Grund wird auf virtuelle Versuche mit Hilfe des Computerprogramms ISOBEAM zur{\"u}ckgegriffen. Dazu sind allerdings abgesicherte Materialmodelle wichtig, die hier an Experimenten mit Klein- und Kleinstproben sowie mit Versuchk{\"o}rpern baupraktisch relevanter Abmessungen angepasst wurden. Mit diesem verifizierten Modell war es m{\"o}glich, gezielt Parameterstudien durchzuf{\"u}hren. Der Einfluss der Einbauholzfeuchte auf das hygrothermische Langzeittragverhalten wurde genauso untersucht wie der der Nutzungsklasse und der Querschnittsabmessungen. Die Ergebnisse der virtuellen Versuche dienten zum einen der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Vorgehensweise nach DIN 1052 (2004:08) und zum anderen zur Anpassung neuer Vorschl{\"a}ge zur Bemessung. Es wurde Wert darauf gelegt, dass sich die Vorschl{\"a}ge neuer Bemessungskonzepte an die bestehenden normativen Bemessungsregeln anlehnen. Zum einen wurde das Bemessungsverfahren nach Theorie II. Ordnung um eine weitere Ausmitte zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Kriechens erg{\"a}nzt, zum anderen wurde beim Ersatzstabverfahren der Beiwert entsprechend modifiziert. Alternativ ist es m{\"o}glich, den Modifikationsbeiwert neu an die virtuellen Versuchsergebnisse anzupassen. Die Einbauholzfeuchte wurde ebenfalls {\"u}ber einen zus{\"a}tzlichen Modifikationsfaktor ber{\"u}cksichtigt.},
  subject      = {Kriechen},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PalaneeswaranKumaraswamyNg2004,
  author    = {Palaneeswaran, Ekambaram and Kumaraswamy, Mohan and Ng, Thomas},
  title     = {Knowledge Management for Small and Medium Contractors},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.258},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2582},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Effective knowledge management is increasingly considered as a cornerstone of sustainable business success. Knowledge management systems are strategically valuable for both ensuring consistency and continuous improvement of various aspects such as quality delivery, productivity and competitiveness. The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry are mostly operating under tighter timeframes, narrower profit margins and more constrained resources. Hence the recently commenced SMILE-SMC (Strategic Management with Information Leveraged Excellece for Small and Medium Contractors) project aims to support the information and knowledge management needs of the small and medium contractors in Hong Kong. This paper presents some snapshots on the SMILE-SMC project, and its conceptualized deliverables with some highlights of recent developments.},
  subject      = {Wissensmanagement},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchnellenbachHeldHartmann2004,
  author    = {Schnellenbach-Held, Martina and Hartmann, Markus},
  title     = {Knowledge Based Systems in Distributed Desgin Environments},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.210},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2106},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Today's building industry not only demands more and more reduced construction time on building site, but also an advanced and mostly construction attendant design phase. Even though there is software available to support design processes in distributed environments, most applications only support simple document based exchange of information. In this paper a knowledge based system is presented to support cooperative, comprehensive design processes in distributed environments. The presented research project is financially supported by the German Research Community (DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Zaneldin2004,
  author    = {Zaneldin, Essam},
  title     = {Investigate the Impact of Different Resource Allocation Strategies on the Design of Building Projects Using Simulation},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.165},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1658},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The design of building projects involves several types of resources such as architects, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and draftsmen, among others. For design firms to stay in business in this very competitive market, they need to manage their resources in a way that improves productivity and cost effectiveness. This task, however, is not simple and requires thorough analysis of process-level operations, resource use, and productivity. Typically, these operational aspects are the responsibility of the design office manager who assigns available resources to the different design projects to save time and lower design expenses. It is noted that limited studies have been carried out in the literature to model overall organizational operations and behavioral aspects, particularly in firms specialized in the design of building projects. In an effort to simplify the modeling process, a simplified modeling and simulation tool is used in this research. A simulation model representing an actual design office was developed assuming that the office performs designs for small, medium, and large size building projects. The developed model was used to simulate several alternatives and examine various resource assignment strategies. The simulation was conducted over ten years and the resulting productivity and income was measured.},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PengLawLau2004,
  author    = {Peng, Jun and Law, Kincho and Lau, Gloria},
  title     = {Internet-Enabled Software Model for Nonlinear Structural Analysis and Simulations},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.105},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1057},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper describes an Internet-enabled software model that could facilitate the development and utilization of nonlinear structural analysis programs. The software model allows users easy access to the analysis core program and the analysis results by using a web-browser or other application programs. In addition, new and legacy codes can be incorporated as distributed services and be integrated with the software framework from disparate sites. A distributed project management system, taking advantages of Internet and database technologies, is implemented to store and manage model information and simulation results. Nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulations of a bridge structure is performed to illustrate the facilities of the Internet-enabled software model.},
  subject      = {Konzipieren <Technik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RueppelKlauer2004,
  author    = {Rueppel, Uwe and Klauer, Thomas},
  title     = {Internet-based Workflow-Management for Civil Engineering Projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.164},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1647},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The growing competition pressure in the building industry increases the demands on the design and construction processes in respect to economical, technical and time aspects. These demands require efficient improvements of the value-added chain, which can be realized mainly with the usage of innovative information- and communication-technologies. To support the collaboration of all participants involved in a certain building project the Workflow-Management-System "BauKom-Online" has been developed. In the focus of the system is to support the coordination of the participants and their information exchange. Such a software-method is well suited to ensure a high quality planning process. The modelling of business-processes enables a better self-comprehension of the participants work and helps to enhance the project performance. The system architecture of BauKom-Online contains two basic components: the processmodelling tool and the workflow-engine. The process-model contains of activities and states of the planning and construction processes and their relations. These connected processes compose the workflow. Such a process-model for engineering purposes has to satisfy several needs, e.g., the consideration of planning and building alternatives, dynamic changes of the model during execution of the project and the linkage to further technical objects like costs, building structure, specifications and documentmanagement. Furthermore, the scheduling of the project can be done within the process-model and can be visualized as a Gantt-diagram. ...},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}