@article{SemenovAlekseevaTarlapan2004,
  author    = {Semenov, Vitaly and Alekseeva, Elena and Tarlapan, Oleg},
  title     = {Virtual Construction using Map-based Approach},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.244},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2447},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The paper presents a general map-based approach to prototyping of products in virtual reality environments. Virtual prototyping of products is considered as a consistent simulation and visualization process mapping the source product model into its target visual representations. The approach enables to interrelate formally the product and visual information models with each other by defining mapping rules, to specify a prototyping scenario as a composition of map instances, and then to explore particular product models in virtual reality environments by interpreting the composed scenario. Having been realized, the proposed approach provides for the strongly formalized method and the common software framework to build virtual prototyping applications. As a result, the applications gain in expressiveness, reusability and reliability, as well as take on additional runtime flexibility...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Volkova2004,
  author    = {Volkova, Viktorija},
  title     = {The analysis of dynamic behaviour of pre-stressed systems under polyharmonic excitations},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.265},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2656},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Pre-stressed structural elements are widely used in large-span structures. As a rule, they have higher stiffness characteristics. Pre-stressed rods can be applied as girders of different purpose, and as their separate parts, e.g. rods of trusses and frames. Among numerous ways of prestressing the compression of girders, trusses, and frames by tightenings from high-strength materials is under common application.},
  subject      = {Verkehrsplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RombergNigglvanTreeck2004,
  author    = {Romberg, Richard and Niggl, Andreas and van Treeck, Christoph},
  title     = {Structural Analysis based on the Product Model Standard IFC},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.243},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2433},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In this paper we present a computer aided method supporting co-operation between different project partners, such as architects and engineers, on the basis of strictly three-dimensional models. The center of our software architecture is a product model, described by the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) of the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). From this a geometrical model is extracted and automatically transferred to a computational model serving as a basis for various simulation tasks. In this paper the focus is set on the advantage of the fully three-dimensional structural analysis performed by p-version of the finite element analysis. Other simulation methods are discussed in a separate contribution of this Volume (Treeck 2004). The validity of this approach will be shown in a complex example.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OsadaKoikeMorimoto2004,
  author    = {Osada, Teppei and Koike, Hirotaka and Morimoto, Akinori},
  title     = {Research on Establishment of a Standard of Traffic Impact Assessment with Integrated Database System},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.264},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2647},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Planning support systems, such as geographical information system (GIS) and traffic flow simulation models, are widely in use in recent urban planning research. In this paper we propose a method to apply traffic impact assessment (TIA) to large-scale, commercial developments. In TIA research we often encounter the problem of increasing amount of data that is necessary for detailed investigation and analysis, as the scale of commercial developments become larger and more complex. As a result, TIA presents two problems. The first problem is the difficulty of data acquisition. The second problem is the reliability of data. As a solution, we developed an integrated database system.},
  subject      = {Verkehrsplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KiviniemiFischer2004,
  author    = {Kiviniemi, Arto and Fischer, Martin},
  title     = {Requirements Management Interface to Building Product Models},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.242},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2427},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In current AEC practice client requirements are typically recorded in a building program, which, depending on the building type, covers various aspects from the overall goals, activities and spatial needs to very detailed material and condition requirements. This documentation is used as the starting point of the design process, but as the design progresses, it is usually left aside and changes are made incrementally based on the previous design solution. These incremental small changes can lead to a solution that may no longer meet the original requirements. In addition, design is by nature an iterative process and the proposed solutions often also cause evolution in the client requirements. However, the requirements documentation is usually not updated accordingly. Finding the latest updates and evolution of the requirements from the documentation is very difficult, if not impossible. This process can lead to an end result, which is significantly different from the documented requirements. Some important requirements may not be satisfied, and even if the design process was based on agreed-upon changes in the scope and requirements, differences in the requirements documents and in the completed building can lead to well-justified doubts about the quality of the design and construction process...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoltzhauerSaal2004,
  author    = {Holtzhauer, Eric and Saal, Helmut},
  title     = {Product modelling in the steel construction domain},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.241},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2415},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The complexity of the relationships between the actors of a building project requires high efficiency in communication. Among other things, data sharing is crucial. The exchange of data is made possible by interfaces between expert programs, which rely on product models. The latter are neutral standards with formal definitions of building objects and their attributes. This paper deals with the state of the art and the research activities concerning product models in the steel construction domain and the advantages provided by this technology for the sector.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KangMiranda2004,
  author    = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo},
  title     = {Physics Based Model for Simulating the Dynamics of Tower Cranes},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.240},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2409},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GaoWuRen2004,
  author    = {Gao, Zuoren and Wu, Weiyu and Ren, Aizhu},
  title     = {Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.238},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShihLee2004,
  author    = {Shih, Naai-Jung and Lee, Wen-Pang},
  title     = {Particle Simulation and Evaluation of Personal Exposure to Contaminant Sources in an Elevation Space},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.237},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2376},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {An elevator, which figures a small volume, is normally used by everyone for a short period of time and equipped with simple ventilation system..Any contaminant released within it may cause serious problem. This research adapt a fire and smoke simulation software (FDS) into non-fire indoor airflow scario. Differently from previous research, particles are chosen as a risk evalution unit. A personal and multi-personal exposure model is proposed. The model takes the influence of the human thermal boundary, coughing, inhalation, exhalation, standing position, and the fan factor into account. The model is easy-to-use and suitable for the design of elevator system in practice.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VogelBreitMaerki2004,
  author    = {Vogel, Manfred and Breit, Manfred and M{\"a}rki, Fabian},
  title     = {Optimization of 4D Process Planning using Genetic Algorithms},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.236},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2360},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The presented work focuses on the presentation of a discrete event simulator which can be used for automated sequencing and optimization of building processes. The sequencing is based on the commonly used component-activity-resource relations taking structural and process constraints into account. For the optimization a genetic algorithm approach was developed, implemented and successfully applied to several real life steel constructions. In this contribution we discuss the application of the discrete event simulator including its optimization capabilities on a 4D process model of a steel structure of an automobile recycling facility.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Rose2004,
  author    = {Rose, Martin},
  title     = {Modeling of Freeway Traffic},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.263},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2639},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {An integrated modeling of freeway traffic is developed, whose implementation in an uniform computer -aided simulation model facilitate comparative evaluation and systematic coupling of several traffic simulations, traffic controls, traffic measurements and traffic scenarios. The integrated modeling of freeway traffic is a basic mapping of freeway networks, control methods, measurements and different simulations of traffic flow...},
  subject      = {Verkehrsplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Zaneldin2004,
  author    = {Zaneldin, Essam},
  title     = {Investigate the Impact of Different Resource Allocation Strategies on the Design of Building Projects Using Simulation},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.165},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1658},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The design of building projects involves several types of resources such as architects, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and draftsmen, among others. For design firms to stay in business in this very competitive market, they need to manage their resources in a way that improves productivity and cost effectiveness. This task, however, is not simple and requires thorough analysis of process-level operations, resource use, and productivity. Typically, these operational aspects are the responsibility of the design office manager who assigns available resources to the different design projects to save time and lower design expenses. It is noted that limited studies have been carried out in the literature to model overall organizational operations and behavioral aspects, particularly in firms specialized in the design of building projects. In an effort to simplify the modeling process, a simplified modeling and simulation tool is used in this research. A simulation model representing an actual design office was developed assuming that the office performs designs for small, medium, and large size building projects. The developed model was used to simulate several alternatives and examine various resource assignment strategies. The simulation was conducted over ten years and the resulting productivity and income was measured.},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeubergFankEkkerlein2004,
  author    = {Neuberg, Frank and Fank, Ernst and Ekkerlein, Christian},
  title     = {Integrated Life Cycle Simulation and Assessment of Buildings},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.235},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2351},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Buildings require both for construction and, due to their comparatively long life cycle for maintenance, significant raw material and energy resources. So far available knowledge about resource consumption during an entire life cycle of a building is still quite rare, because various criteria affect each other and/or overlay mutually. In this contribution a model based software concept is presented using an integrated approach for life cycle simulation and assessment of buildings. The essential point of the development consists of connecting an IFC compliant product model of a building via the Internet with data bases for the resource and energy requirement of building materials. Furthermore, numerical simulations allow calculating and minimizing the energy consumption, the resource requirement, the waste streams and also the noxious emissions. In the context of this paper we present the first release of software programs for architects and engineers, which help them to evaluate their design decisions objectively in early planning steps. Additionally the usage of the software is demonstrated by a test case study for a real world building. By applying this software in practice a substantial contribution for saving energy and natural resources can be provided in the sense of sustainable and ecological building design.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GebbekenBaumhauerIonita2004,
  author    = {Gebbeken, Norbert and Baumhauer, Andreas and Ionita, Mihai},
  title     = {Increasing the Reliability and Performance through Automatization and Parallel Working},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.139},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1397},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Re-examination of the behaviour of structures can be necessary due to deterioration or changes in the traffic situation during their lifetime. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used in order to accomplish numerical analysis. Considering the development of computer performance, more detailed FEM models can be analyzed, even on site, with mobile computers. To compensate the increasing amount of data needed for the model input, measures need to be taken to save time, by distributing the work. In order to provide consistency to the model, fedback data must be checked upon reception. A local wireless computer network of ultra-portable devices linked together with a computer can provide the coordination necessary for efficient parallel working. Based on a digital model consisting of all data gathered, structural modelling and numerical analysis are performed automatically. Thus, the user is released from the work that can be automatized and the time needed for the overall analysis of a structure is decreased.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Makanae2004,
  author    = {Makanae, Koji},
  title     = {Highway Sequence Editor based on the Length-based Highway Product Model},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.234},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2347},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The highway product model based on the length information of the centerline, and the application system is developed. This paper shows the schema and the modeling process of the product model, which includes geometric elements such as an alignment, lanes, sidewalks, shoulders and sprits, and accessories such as guard fences, plantings and signs. Furthermore, The Highway Sequence Editor (HSE) is developed as an application system to verify the model.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaubFrench2004,
  author    = {Staub-French, Sheryl},
  title     = {Feature-based Product Modeling for Building Construction},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.233},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2331},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Current building product models explicitly represent components, attributes of components, and relationships between components. These designer-focused product models, however, do not represent many of the design conditions that are important for construction, such as component similarity, uniformity, and penetrations. Current design and construction tools offer limited support for detecting these construction-specific design conditions. This paper describes the ontology we developed using the manufacturing concept of features to represent the design conditions that are important for construction. The feature ontology provides the blueprint for the additions and changes needed to transform a standard product model into a constructionspecific product model. The ontology formalizes three classes of features, defines the attributes and functions of each feature type, and represents the relationships between features explicitly. The descriptive semantics of the ontology allows practitioners to represent their varied preferences for naming features, specifying features that result from component intersections and the similarity of components, and grouping features that affect a specific construction domain. A software prototype that implements the ontology enables practitioners to transform designer-focused product models into feature-based product models that represent the construction perspective.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BargstaedtBlickling2004,
  author    = {Bargst{\"a}dt, Hans-Joachim and Blickling, Arno},
  title     = {Effective cost estimate and construction processes with 3D interactive technologies: Towards a virtual world of construction sites},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.232},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2320},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The development of 3D technologies during the last decades in many different areas, leads us towards the complete 3D representation of planet earth on a high level of detail. On the lowest level we have geographical information systems (GIS) representing the outer layer of our planet as a 3D model. In the meantime these systems do not only give a geographical model but also present additional information like ownership, infrastructure and others that might be of interest for the construction business. In future these systems will serve as basis for virtual environments for planning and simulation of construction sites. In addition to this work is done on the integration of GIS systems with 3D city models in the area of urban planning and thus integration of different levels of detail. This article presents research work on the use of 3D models in construction on the next level of detail below the level of urban planning. The 3D city model is taken as basis for the 3D model of the construction site. In this virtual nD-world a contractor can organize and plan his resources, simulate different variants of construction processes and thus find out the most effective solution for the consideration of costs and time. On the basis of former researches the authors present a new approach for cost estimation and simulation using development technologies from game software.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoikeMorimotoNomura2004,
  author    = {Koike, Hirotaka and Morimoto, Akinori and Nomura, Kazuhiro},
  title     = {Development of Urban Land Use Model to Compare Transit-Oriented and Automobile-Oriented Cities},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.262},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2621},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This study is an attempt to develop a simple simulation model that can compare the differences between automobile-oriented and transit-oriented cities, and clarify the difference between city forms by transportation modes. Following a theoretical model development, a series of simulation runs are tried. The model allocates people who commute to CBD from residential zones along a transportation corridor. As a result of many simulation analyses, it is shown that automobiles need much more traffic space in comparison with the transit as is shown by the proposed traffic space ratio both in CBD and along the corridor.},
  subject      = {Verkehrsplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HoyanoNakaohkuboAsawa2004,
  author    = {Hoyano, Akira and Nakaohkubo, Kazuaki and Asawa, Takashi},
  title     = {Development of Thermal Simulation Tool for Urban Block Design - Based on Numerical Simulation System using 3D},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.97},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-973},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A simulation system has been developed as a computer aided design tool to evaluate the effect of proposed design on the thermal environment during the designing process. This system calculates outdoor surface temperatures in order to evaluate the thermal impact of a design factor in outdoor space. In this study, the previous heat balance simulation system was improved to predict the surface temperature of a proposed design using 3D-CAD. This system is able to input the complicated outdoor spatial forms ef\&\#64257;ciently and also to evaluate the surface temperature distribution from any viewpoint.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zierold2004,
  author    = {Zierold, Sabine},
  title     = {Der mediale Raum der Architektur},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.767},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060806-8106},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Der architektonische Raum wird als ein Medium der Kommunikation im Kontext der >neuen< Medien begriffen, aus der Erkenntnis, dass er schon immer ein Medium war und aus einer komplexen Medienstruktur in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von anderen Medien besteht. Im Prozess von Handlung und Kommunikation ist der architektonische Raum das Medium, das r{\"a}umliche N{\"a}he von Individuen {\"u}ber alle Sinne und das Bewusstsein gleichzeitig intensiv erm{\"o}glicht. Der architektonische Raum als immersives Kommunikationsmedium erreicht im Zeitalter der >neuen< Medien eine neue Dimension, indem mehr und andere Wirklichkeitsalternativen der Kommunikation zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen. N. Luhmann folgend, wird die Architektur aus der Sicht der Form/Medium-Differenz systemtheoretisch als strukturierter M{\"o}glichkeitsraum betrachtet. Der Raum ist das Medium f{\"u}r Formen des architektonischen Raumes, in dem Architektur {\"u}berhaupt erst wirksam wird. Umgekehrt sind die Formen des architektonischen Raumes Medien f{\"u}r die Wahrnehmung einer Vielzahl von r{\"a}umlichen Wirklichkeiten. Eine Fassade aus Stein oder Glas ist gebaute Form und kann als Medium Information kommunizieren. Medien werden ihrer Bestimmung um so besser gerecht, je mehr sie sich der Aufmerksamkeit entziehen und wie transparente Fenster hinter der Oberfl{\"a}che der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung zur{\"u}cktreten. Als >unwahrnehmbares< Medium ist der architektonische Raum damit eine hintergr{\"u}ndige >Wirkungsmacht<, eine B{\"u}hne f{\"u}r die Entfaltung von Wirkung, Atmosph{\"a}re und Bewegung. Seine physische Wirklichkeit war schon immer durch virtuelle Wirklichkeiten oder Realit{\"a}ten entgrenzt, die durch Techniken und Technologien der Simulation als k{\"u}nstliche Welten wahrnehmbar und kommunizierbar werden. Dies kann an tradierten Beispielen der gotischen Kathedrale, dem Panorama, den panoptischen R{\"a}umen, dem Theater, Kino oder den kontinuierlichen R{\"a}umen von der Moderne bis heute aufgezeigt weren. Virtuelle R{\"a}ume gotischer Glasbilder oder barocker Decken- und Wandbilder im Medium des architektonischen Raumes sind uns gel{\"a}ufig. Die Immersion, das Eintauchen in diese virtuellen Wirklichkeitssp{\"a}ren l{\"o}st die Wahrnehmung der eigenen k{\"o}rperlichen Pr{\"a}senz in ihnen aus. Das Potential des virtuellen Raumes der Architektur besteht im Vergleich zu anderen virtuellen Realit{\"a}ten von Text, Bild oder digitalen Medien in seiner Gebundenheit an die physische, r{\"a}umliche Reizstruktur, der er die Eindringlichkeit und Komplexit{\"a}t seiner Wirkung verdankt. Es werden unterschiedliche Wechselwirkungen und gemeinsame Entwicklungen von zeitgen{\"o}ssischen Beispielen der Architektur mit den >neuen< Medien aufgezeigt. In der »sensitiven Wand« wird die physische Raumgrenze durch die Integration neuer Techniken und Technologien digitaler, elektronischer Medien etwas extrem Flexibles und Formbares in Interaktion mit dem Benutzer. Der H2O Pavillon (Oosterhuis und NOX, 1997) ist ein Beispiel daf{\"u}r. Der ausgepr{\"a}gt polysensorische Immersionsraum steht f{\"u}r die Einheit von digitaler und architektonischer Simulation. Die metaphorische Welt von H{\"o}hle und Quelle des Thermalbades Vals (P.Zumthor, 1996) ist die r{\"a}umliche Reflexion auf die metaphorische Struktur virtueller R{\"a}ume der >neuen< Medien. Die simulierte Wirklichkeit in den Medien Wasser, Stein und architektonischer Raum produziert sch{\"o}pferisch den polysensorischen immersiven Zugang in die virtuellen Welten >authentischer< physischer Umgebung. Das >Sichtbare< im Medium Raum der Architektur ist ohne das >Unsichtbare< nicht zu begreifen bzw. das sinnlich Wahrnehmbare nicht ohne das Unwahrnehmbare. Das Erkennen dieser Relation von Form und Medium erm{\"o}glicht die Formulierung des neuen Begriffes des medialen Raumes der Architektur, der zur Basis f{\"u}r eine Medientheorie der Architektur wird, als Sichtweise der Entgrenzung des physischen Raumes durch den virtuellen Raum f{\"u}r die subjektive Wahrnehmung, Handlung und Kommunikation.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KangMiranda2004,
  author    = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo},
  title     = {Automated Simulation of the Erection Activities in Virtual Construction},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.231},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2310},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The goal of the research is the development of a computer system to plan, simulate and visualize erection processes in construction. In the research construction cranes are treated as robots with predefined degrees of freedom and crane-specific motion planning techniques are developed to generate time-optimized and collision-free paths for each piece to be erected in the project. Using inverse kinematics and structural dynamics simulation, the computer system then computes the crane motions and velocities necessary to achieve the previously calculated paths. The main benefits of the research are the accurate planning and scheduling of crane operations leading to optimization of crane usage and project schedules, as well as improving overall crane safety in the project. This research is aimed at the development of systems that will allow computer-assisted erection of civil infrastructure and ultimately to achieve fully-automated erection processes using robotic cranes...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{vanTreeckRank2004,
  author    = {van Treeck, Christoph and Rank, Ernst},
  title     = {Analysis of building structure and topology based on Graph Theory},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.230},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2308},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Individual views on a building product of people involved in the design process imply different models for planning and calculation. In order to interpret these geometrical, topological and semantical data of a building model we identify a structural component graph, a graph of room faces, a room graph and a relational object graph as aids and we explain algorithms to derive these relations. The application of the technique presented is demonstrated by the analysis and discretization of a sample model in the scope of building energy simulation.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FahrigNachtweyGellert2004,
  author    = {Fahrig, Torsten and Nachtwey, Bj{\"o}rn and Gellert, Sebastian},
  title     = {A Product Model based Approach to Interactive CAE Design Optimization},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.190},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1901},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We present a software prototype for fluid flow problems in civil engineering, which combines essential features of Computational Steering approaches with efficient methods for model transfer and high performance computing. The main components of the system are described: - The modeler with a focus on the data management of the product model - The pre-processing and the post-processing toolkit - The simulation kernel based on the Lattice Boltzmann method - The required hardware for real-time computing},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}