@article{PickHeimsundMilbradt2004, author = {Pick, Tobias and Heimsund, Bjoern-Ove and Milbradt, Peter}, title = {Development and Analysis of Sparse Matrix Concepts for Finite Element Approximation on general Cells}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.250}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2500}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In engineering and computing, the finite element approximation is one of the most well-known computational solution techniques. It is a great tool to find solutions for mechanic, fluid mechanic and ecological problems. Whoever works with the finite element method will need to solve a large system of linear equations. There are different ways to find a solution. One way is to use a matrix decomposition technique such as LU or QR. The other possibility is to use an iterative solution algorithm like Conjugate Gradients, Gauß-Seidel, Multigrid Methods, etc. This paper will focus on iterative solvers and the needed storage techniques...}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{KaklauskasCervenkaCervenka2004, author = {Kaklauskas, Gintaris and Cervenka, Vladimir and Cervenka, Jan}, title = {Deflection Calculation of RC Beams: Finite Element Software versus Design Code Methods}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.249}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2498}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper investigates accuracy of deflection predictions made by the finite element package ATENA and design code methods ACI and EC2. Deflections have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported by three investigators. Statistical parameters have been established for each of the technique at different load levels, separately for the beams with small and moderate reinforcement ratio.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{MelnikovSemenov2004, author = {Melnikov, B. E. and Semenov, Artem}, title = {Application of Multimodel Method of Elasto-Plastic Analysis for the Multilevel Computation of Structures}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.248}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2487}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Creation of hierarchical sequence of the plastic and viscoplastic models according to different levels of structure approximations is considered. Developed strategy of multimodel analysis, which consists of creation of the inelastic models library, determination of selection criteria system and caring out of multivariant sequential clarifying computations, is described. Application of the multimodel approach in numerical computations has demonstrated possibility of reliable prediction of stress-strain response under wide variety of combined nonproportional loading.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{LeeLee2004, author = {Lee, Kangkun and Lee, Kijang}, title = {Additional bending moment for shear-lag phenomenon in tube structures}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.247}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2472}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Framed-tube system with multiple internal tubes is analysed using an orthotropic box beam analogy approach in which each tube is individually modelled by a box beam that accounts for the flexural and shear deformations, as well as the shear-lag effects. A simple numerical modeling technique is proposed for estimating the shear-lag phenomenon in tube structures with multiple internal tubes. The proposed method idealizes the framed-tube structures with multiple internal tubes as equivalent multiple tubes, each composed of four equivalent orthotropic plate panels. The numerical analysis is based on the minimum potential energy principle in conjunction with the variational approach. The shear-lag phenomenon of such structures is studied taking into account the additional bending moments in the tubes. A detailed work is carried out through the numerical analysis of the additional bending moment. The moment factor is further introduced to identify the shear lag phenomenon along with the additional moment.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{MironovPahl2004, author = {Mironov, Vadim and Pahl, Peter Jan}, title = {A Prismatic Finite Element for Accurate Arch Dam Analysis}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.246}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2467}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The displacements and stresses in arch dams and their abutments are frequently determined with 20-node brick elements. The elements are distorted near the contact plane between the wall and the abutment. A cantilever beam testbed has been developed to investigate the consequences of this distortion. It is shown that the deterioration of the accuracy in the computed stresses is significant. A compatible 18-node wedge element with linear stress variation is developed as an alternative to the brick element. The shape of this element type is readily adapted to the shape of the contact plane. It is shown that the accuracy of the computed stresses in the vicinity of the contact plane is improved significantly by the use of wedge elements.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{NohPark2004, author = {Noh, Jung-Hwi and Park, Jong-Heon}, title = {A Calculation of Initial Cable Force for Ko-Ha Grand Bridge}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.245}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2459}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The primary objective of initial shape analysis of a cable stayed bridge is to calculate initial installation cable tension forces and to evaluate fabrication camber of main span and pylon providing the final longitudinal profile of the bridge at the end of construction. In addition, the initial cable forces depending on the alternation of the bridge's shape can be obtained from the analysis, and will be used to provide construction safety during construction. In this research, we conducted numerical experiments for initial shape of Ko-ha bridge, which will be constructed in the near future, using three different typical methods such as continuous beam method, linear truss method, and IIMF (Introducing Initial Member Force) method}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{SemenovAlekseevaTarlapan2004, author = {Semenov, Vitaly and Alekseeva, Elena and Tarlapan, Oleg}, title = {Virtual Construction using Map-based Approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.244}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2447}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper presents a general map-based approach to prototyping of products in virtual reality environments. Virtual prototyping of products is considered as a consistent simulation and visualization process mapping the source product model into its target visual representations. The approach enables to interrelate formally the product and visual information models with each other by defining mapping rules, to specify a prototyping scenario as a composition of map instances, and then to explore particular product models in virtual reality environments by interpreting the composed scenario. Having been realized, the proposed approach provides for the strongly formalized method and the common software framework to build virtual prototyping applications. As a result, the applications gain in expressiveness, reusability and reliability, as well as take on additional runtime flexibility...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{RombergNigglvanTreeck2004, author = {Romberg, Richard and Niggl, Andreas and van Treeck, Christoph}, title = {Structural Analysis based on the Product Model Standard IFC}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.243}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2433}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In this paper we present a computer aided method supporting co-operation between different project partners, such as architects and engineers, on the basis of strictly three-dimensional models. The center of our software architecture is a product model, described by the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) of the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). From this a geometrical model is extracted and automatically transferred to a computational model serving as a basis for various simulation tasks. In this paper the focus is set on the advantage of the fully three-dimensional structural analysis performed by p-version of the finite element analysis. Other simulation methods are discussed in a separate contribution of this Volume (Treeck 2004). The validity of this approach will be shown in a complex example.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{KiviniemiFischer2004, author = {Kiviniemi, Arto and Fischer, Martin}, title = {Requirements Management Interface to Building Product Models}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.242}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2427}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In current AEC practice client requirements are typically recorded in a building program, which, depending on the building type, covers various aspects from the overall goals, activities and spatial needs to very detailed material and condition requirements. This documentation is used as the starting point of the design process, but as the design progresses, it is usually left aside and changes are made incrementally based on the previous design solution. These incremental small changes can lead to a solution that may no longer meet the original requirements. In addition, design is by nature an iterative process and the proposed solutions often also cause evolution in the client requirements. However, the requirements documentation is usually not updated accordingly. Finding the latest updates and evolution of the requirements from the documentation is very difficult, if not impossible. This process can lead to an end result, which is significantly different from the documented requirements. Some important requirements may not be satisfied, and even if the design process was based on agreed-upon changes in the scope and requirements, differences in the requirements documents and in the completed building can lead to well-justified doubts about the quality of the design and construction process...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{HoltzhauerSaal2004, author = {Holtzhauer, Eric and Saal, Helmut}, title = {Product modelling in the steel construction domain}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.241}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2415}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The complexity of the relationships between the actors of a building project requires high efficiency in communication. Among other things, data sharing is crucial. The exchange of data is made possible by interfaces between expert programs, which rely on product models. The latter are neutral standards with formal definitions of building objects and their attributes. This paper deals with the state of the art and the research activities concerning product models in the steel construction domain and the advantages provided by this technology for the sector.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{KangMiranda2004, author = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo}, title = {Physics Based Model for Simulating the Dynamics of Tower Cranes}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.240}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2409}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lehmann2004, author = {Lehmann, Steffen}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Bewertung von Verbundbauteilen aus Brettstapelelementen im Fl{\"a}chenverbund mit mineralischen Deckschichten}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041216-2479}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Zur Verbindung des fl{\"a}chigen Bauteils Brettstapelelement mit mineralischer Deckschicht sind bisher kaum geeignete einfachste Fugenausbildungen untersucht. Bei dieser biegebeanspruchten hybriden Verbundkombination bietet das zugbeanspruchte Holz und die druckbeanspruchte mineralische Deckschicht im Verbund ein g{\"u}nstigeres Biegetragverhalten und verbessert im Vergleich zum reinen Brettstapeldeckenelement dessen Eigenschaften. F{\"u}r die Steifigkeit und die Tragf{\"a}higkeit der Verbundkonstruktion ist die Ausbildung der Verbundfuge, die effektive {\"U}bertragung der Schubkraft ausschlaggebend. Die vom Verfasser der Arbeit durchgef{\"u}hrten Versuche haben gezeigt, dass der Einsatz alternativer Verbundfugenausf{\"u}hrungen grunds{\"a}tzlich m{\"o}glich ist. Mit diesem Wissen scheint neben dem Einsatz nachgiebiger Verbindungsmittel auch die Heranziehung, Erfassung und Optimierung des Fl{\"a}chen- sowie Reibungsverbundes zwischen fl{\"a}chigen Holzelementen und mineralischen Deckschichten eine effiziente und sichere Fugenausbildung darzustellen. F{\"u}r weiterreichende und genauere Aussagen, sind neben der versuchstechnischen Abkl{\"a}rung der Wirksamkeit m{\"o}glicher chemischer als auch mechanischer Modifikationen der Holzoberfl{\"a}che in der Verbundfuge computergest{\"u}tzte Kurzzeit- sowie auch Langzeituntersuchungen zur Absch{\"a}tzung der M{\"o}glichkeiten und Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit des Fl{\"a}chenverbundes zwischen Brettstapelelement und mineralischer Deckschicht unabdingbar gewesen. Als Deckschichtvarianten kamen Normalbeton, Zementestrich, Anhydritestrich und Geopolymerbeton zur Anwendung. Es konnte durch eine statistische Auswertung im Resultat ein Gesamt{\"u}berblick {\"u}ber das Tragverhalten von hybriden Verbundelementen mit mineralischen Deckschichten und spezieller Oberfl{\"a}chenbehandlung des Holzes gegeben werden. Dabei wirkten sich die Vorteile bei der Nutzung des Fl{\"a}chenverbundes vor allem auf den Gebrauchszustand des Bauteils aus. Die Steifigkeit des Verbundbauteils wurde durch den Fl{\"a}chenverbund erh{\"o}ht und es wurden damit g{\"u}nstigere Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r den Nachweis der Gebrauchstauglichkeit vor allem bei Spannweiten {\"u}ber 5,0 m erzielt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen die grundlegende Anwendbarkeit f{\"u}r Brettstapel im Fl{\"a}chenverbund mit mineralischen Baustoffen.}, subject = {Holzbau}, language = {de} } @article{GaoWuRen2004, author = {Gao, Zuoren and Wu, Weiyu and Ren, Aizhu}, title = {Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{ShihLee2004, author = {Shih, Naai-Jung and Lee, Wen-Pang}, title = {Particle Simulation and Evaluation of Personal Exposure to Contaminant Sources in an Elevation Space}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.237}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2376}, year = {2004}, abstract = {An elevator, which figures a small volume, is normally used by everyone for a short period of time and equipped with simple ventilation system..Any contaminant released within it may cause serious problem. This research adapt a fire and smoke simulation software (FDS) into non-fire indoor airflow scario. Differently from previous research, particles are chosen as a risk evalution unit. A personal and multi-personal exposure model is proposed. The model takes the influence of the human thermal boundary, coughing, inhalation, exhalation, standing position, and the fan factor into account. The model is easy-to-use and suitable for the design of elevator system in practice.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{VogelBreitMaerki2004, author = {Vogel, Manfred and Breit, Manfred and M{\"a}rki, Fabian}, title = {Optimization of 4D Process Planning using Genetic Algorithms}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.236}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2360}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The presented work focuses on the presentation of a discrete event simulator which can be used for automated sequencing and optimization of building processes. The sequencing is based on the commonly used component-activity-resource relations taking structural and process constraints into account. For the optimization a genetic algorithm approach was developed, implemented and successfully applied to several real life steel constructions. In this contribution we discuss the application of the discrete event simulator including its optimization capabilities on a 4D process model of a steel structure of an automobile recycling facility.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{NeubergFankEkkerlein2004, author = {Neuberg, Frank and Fank, Ernst and Ekkerlein, Christian}, title = {Integrated Life Cycle Simulation and Assessment of Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.235}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2351}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Buildings require both for construction and, due to their comparatively long life cycle for maintenance, significant raw material and energy resources. So far available knowledge about resource consumption during an entire life cycle of a building is still quite rare, because various criteria affect each other and/or overlay mutually. In this contribution a model based software concept is presented using an integrated approach for life cycle simulation and assessment of buildings. The essential point of the development consists of connecting an IFC compliant product model of a building via the Internet with data bases for the resource and energy requirement of building materials. Furthermore, numerical simulations allow calculating and minimizing the energy consumption, the resource requirement, the waste streams and also the noxious emissions. In the context of this paper we present the first release of software programs for architects and engineers, which help them to evaluate their design decisions objectively in early planning steps. Additionally the usage of the software is demonstrated by a test case study for a real world building. By applying this software in practice a substantial contribution for saving energy and natural resources can be provided in the sense of sustainable and ecological building design.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Makanae2004, author = {Makanae, Koji}, title = {Highway Sequence Editor based on the Length-based Highway Product Model}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.234}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2347}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The highway product model based on the length information of the centerline, and the application system is developed. This paper shows the schema and the modeling process of the product model, which includes geometric elements such as an alignment, lanes, sidewalks, shoulders and sprits, and accessories such as guard fences, plantings and signs. Furthermore, The Highway Sequence Editor (HSE) is developed as an application system to verify the model.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{StaubFrench2004, author = {Staub-French, Sheryl}, title = {Feature-based Product Modeling for Building Construction}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.233}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2331}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Current building product models explicitly represent components, attributes of components, and relationships between components. These designer-focused product models, however, do not represent many of the design conditions that are important for construction, such as component similarity, uniformity, and penetrations. Current design and construction tools offer limited support for detecting these construction-specific design conditions. This paper describes the ontology we developed using the manufacturing concept of features to represent the design conditions that are important for construction. The feature ontology provides the blueprint for the additions and changes needed to transform a standard product model into a constructionspecific product model. The ontology formalizes three classes of features, defines the attributes and functions of each feature type, and represents the relationships between features explicitly. The descriptive semantics of the ontology allows practitioners to represent their varied preferences for naming features, specifying features that result from component intersections and the similarity of components, and grouping features that affect a specific construction domain. A software prototype that implements the ontology enables practitioners to transform designer-focused product models into feature-based product models that represent the construction perspective.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{BargstaedtBlickling2004, author = {Bargst{\"a}dt, Hans-Joachim and Blickling, Arno}, title = {Effective cost estimate and construction processes with 3D interactive technologies: Towards a virtual world of construction sites}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.232}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2320}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The development of 3D technologies during the last decades in many different areas, leads us towards the complete 3D representation of planet earth on a high level of detail. On the lowest level we have geographical information systems (GIS) representing the outer layer of our planet as a 3D model. In the meantime these systems do not only give a geographical model but also present additional information like ownership, infrastructure and others that might be of interest for the construction business. In future these systems will serve as basis for virtual environments for planning and simulation of construction sites. In addition to this work is done on the integration of GIS systems with 3D city models in the area of urban planning and thus integration of different levels of detail. This article presents research work on the use of 3D models in construction on the next level of detail below the level of urban planning. The 3D city model is taken as basis for the 3D model of the construction site. In this virtual nD-world a contractor can organize and plan his resources, simulate different variants of construction processes and thus find out the most effective solution for the consideration of costs and time. On the basis of former researches the authors present a new approach for cost estimation and simulation using development technologies from game software.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{KangMiranda2004, author = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo}, title = {Automated Simulation of the Erection Activities in Virtual Construction}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.231}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2310}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The goal of the research is the development of a computer system to plan, simulate and visualize erection processes in construction. In the research construction cranes are treated as robots with predefined degrees of freedom and crane-specific motion planning techniques are developed to generate time-optimized and collision-free paths for each piece to be erected in the project. Using inverse kinematics and structural dynamics simulation, the computer system then computes the crane motions and velocities necessary to achieve the previously calculated paths. The main benefits of the research are the accurate planning and scheduling of crane operations leading to optimization of crane usage and project schedules, as well as improving overall crane safety in the project. This research is aimed at the development of systems that will allow computer-assisted erection of civil infrastructure and ultimately to achieve fully-automated erection processes using robotic cranes...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{vanTreeckRank2004, author = {van Treeck, Christoph and Rank, Ernst}, title = {Analysis of building structure and topology based on Graph Theory}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.230}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2308}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Individual views on a building product of people involved in the design process imply different models for planning and calculation. In order to interpret these geometrical, topological and semantical data of a building model we identify a structural component graph, a graph of room faces, a room graph and a relational object graph as aids and we explain algorithms to derive these relations. The application of the technique presented is demonstrated by the analysis and discretization of a sample model in the scope of building energy simulation.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schlegel2004, author = {Schlegel, Roger}, title = {Numerische Berechnung von Mauerwerkstrukturen in homogenen und diskreten Modellierungsstrategien}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.229}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041213-2369}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Im Zentrum der Arbeit stehen die Entwicklung, Verifikation, Implementierung und Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit numerischer Berechnungsmodelle f{\"u}r Mauerwerk im Rahmen der Kontinuums- und Diskontinuumsmechanik. Makromodelle beschreiben das Mauerwerk als verschmiertes Ersatzkontinuum. Mikromodelle ber{\"u}cksichtigen durch die Modellierung der einzelnen Steine und Fugen die Struktur des Mauerwerkverbandes. Soll dar{\"u}ber hinaus der durch die Querdehnungsinteraktion zwischen Stein und M{\"o}rtel hervorgerufene heterogene Spannungszustand im Mauerwerk abgebildet werden, so ist ein detailliertes Mikromodell, welches Steine und Fugen in ihren exakten geometrischen Dimensionen ber{\"u}cksichtigt, erforderlich. Demgegen{\"u}ber steht die vereinfachte Mikromodellierung, bei der die Fugen mit Hilfe von Kontaktalgorithmen beschrieben werden. Im Rahmen der Makromodellierung werden neue r{\"a}umliche Materialmodelle f{\"u}r verschiedene ein- und mehrschalige Mauerwerkarten hergeleitet. Die vorgestellten Modelle ber{\"u}cksichtigen die Anisotropie der Steifigkeiten, der Festigkeiten sowie des Ver- und Entfestigungsverhaltens. Die numerische Implementation erfolgt mit Hilfe moderner elastoplastischer Algorithmen im Rahmen der impliziten Finite Element Methode in das Programm ANSYS. Innerhalb der detaillierten Mikromodellierung wird ein neues, aus Materialbeschreibungen f{\"u}r Stein, M{\"o}rtel sowie deren Verbund bestehendes nichtlineares Berechnungsmodell entwickelt und in das Programm ANSYS implementiert. Die diskontinuumsmechanische Beschreibung von Mauerwerk im Rahmen der vereinfachten Mikromodellierung erfolgt unter Verwendung der expliziten Distinkt Element Methode mit Hilfe der Programme UDEC und 3DEC. An praktischen Beispielen werden Probleme der Tragf{\"a}higkeitsbewertung gemauerter Bogenbr{\"u}cken, M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Bewertung vorhandener Rissbildungen und Sch{\"a}digungen an historischen Mauerwerkstrukturen und Traglastberechnungen an gemauerten St{\"u}tzen ausgewertet und analysiert.}, subject = {Mauerwerk}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zobel2004, author = {Zobel, Oliver Christian}, title = {Typologie und Topologie der Pflegebed{\"u}rftigkeit und -infrastruktur im Freistaat Th{\"u}ringen; Explorative Analysen zu pflegebed{\"u}rftigen Menschen und Pflegeinfrastrukturen,ein Beitrag zur empirischen Regionalforschung und Landeskunde}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.228}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041207-2353}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Der Autor, Berater und Gutachter f{\"u}r das Th{\"u}ringer Ministerium f{\"u}r Soziales und Gesundheit und Mitverfasser der Th{\"u}ringer Landespflegepl{\"a}ne, systematisiert und analysiert die Struktur und Situation pflegebed{\"u}rftiger Menschen und deren Inanspruchnahme sozialer Pflegeinfrastrukturen im r{\"a}umlichen und demographischen Kontext. Im Mittelpunkt dieser regionalwissenschaftlichen Forschungsarbeit stehen r{\"a}umliche Disparit{\"a}ten der Versorgungs- und Angebotssicherung sowie bisher kaum betrachtete r{\"a}umliche Strukturen und Interdependenzen der Pflegebed{\"u}rftigkeit und Pflegeleistungen. Hierzu wurden vom Autor mehrere regional differenzierte Datenerhebungen aller teilstation{\"a}ren und vollstation{\"a}ren pflegebed{\"u}rftigen Menschen und der Pflegeinfrastruktureinrichtungen im Freistaat Th{\"u}ringen durchgef{\"u}hrt.Durch die Integration explorativer Analysemethoden in die empirische Regionalforschung wird die Pflegelandschaft Th{\"u}ringens f{\"u}r den Zeitraum 1994 bis 2000 dokumentiert und anhand eines relationalen Indikatorensystems die Strukturen und r{\"a}umlichen Muster der Pflegebed{\"u}rftigkeit und -infrastruktur, soziodemographischen und raumstrukturellen Einflusskomponenten sowie pflegespezifische Interdependenzen exploriert und analysiert. Ein Ergebnis sind typologische Aussagen zum Alter, zur Pflegeart und -schwere oder Struktur der Pflegeleistungen in einer hochaufl{\"o}senden topologischen Differenzierung nach regionaler Herkunft pflegebed{\"u}rftiger Menschen. So hat die Einf{\"u}hrung der Pflegeversicherung die Situation der meisten pflegebed{\"u}rftigen Menschen in Th{\"u}ringen deutlich verbessert. In der Zeitreihenuntersuchung treten diese Anfangserfolge aber hinter identifizierten Problemlagen aus z.B. sukzessiver Polarisierung der Pflegeleistungen, wachsenden Infrastrukturdisparit{\"a}ten mit exakt quantifizierbaren Wanderungsbewegungen pflegebed{\"u}rftiger Menschen zur{\"u}ck. Ein Ergebnis topologischer Analysen sind regionale (Versorgungs-) Disparit{\"a}ten, die zu nachgewiesenen Wanderungsbewegungen pflegebed{\"u}rftiger Menschen f{\"u}hren.So resultiert die noch nachweisbare Leistungs- bzw. Funktionsf{\"a}higkeit der Pflegelandschaft Th{\"u}ringens (im Sinne der pflegerischen Grundversorgung einer Teilkaskoversicherung) prim{\"a}r aus noch g{\"u}nstigen Rahmenbedingungen wie dem „selbstverst{\"a}ndlich" erbrachten informellen Pflegeleistungen (der Frauen und T{\"o}chter) und nur sekund{\"a}r (oder kaum) aus der durchaus noch guten finanziellen Situation der Pflegeversicherung. Ferner konnte gezeigt werden, dass wachsende Versorgungsdisparit{\"a}ten nur anteilig eine Infrastrukturproblematik darstellen.Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die entwickelten Methoden und weiteren Untersuchungen diskutiert und im Kontext des theoretischen Teils u.a. zur Entwicklung der Altenhilfe, Pflegeversicherung und sozialen Infrastrukturversorgung betrachtet und vor den Konsequenzen des demographischen Wandels reflektiert. Mit den Untersuchungsergebnissen fordert der Autor, dass Alterung und Schrumpfung der Bev{\"o}lkerung in Teilr{\"a}umen als dominante Entwicklung nicht verleugnet werden darf, damit durch eine integrative Gesamtsicht einer auch sozial nachhaltigen Raumentwicklung die pflegespezifische Forderung nach einem m{\"o}glichst selbstbestimmten und selbst{\"a}ndigen Leben (im eigenen Haushalt) gewahrt und das Grundrecht auf W{\"u}rde auch pflegebed{\"u}rftiger Menschen gew{\"a}hrleistet bleibt.Dazu wird vorgeschlagen, mit einer modernen Regionalforschung, die durch hochaufl{\"o}sende Datenerfassung, neuen explorativen statistischen Analysemethoden und in Verbindung mit aussagekr{\"a}ftigen Visualisierungsverfahren ein qualifiziertes Monitoring- und Analysesystem f{\"u}r die Raumbeobachtung aufzubauen, um Problemregionen rechzeitig identifizieren und Planungen zeitnah initiieren zu k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Raumforschung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{FuellsackKoeditz2004, author = {F{\"u}llsack-K{\"o}ditz, Raimo}, title = {Verbundverhalten von GFK-Bewehrungsst{\"a}ben und Rissentwicklung in GFK-stabbewehrten Betonbauteilen}, isbn = {3-86068-240-7}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.227}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041206-2344}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden im Rahmen von Ausziehversuchen die Verbundeigenschaften verschiedener Bewehrungsst{\"a}be aus glasfaserverst{\"a}rkten Kunststoffen (GFK) unter Ber{\"u}cksichti-gung signifikanter Einflussgr{\"o}ßen auf das Verbundverhalten wie Oberfl{\"a}chenprofilierung der St{\"a}be, Stabdurchmesser, Betonfestigkeit, Verbundl{\"a}nge sowie Beanspruchungsart unter einheitlichen Versuchsrandbedingungen bestimmt. Es erfolgt eine Bewertung der Einflussgr{\"o}ßen, der Verbundeigenschaften und des Verbundversagens der untersuchten GFK-Bewehrungsst{\"a}be. Basierend auf der Modellbildung zum Verbund zwischen GFK-St{\"a}ben und Beton wird die Bestimmung der Verankerungsl{\"a}nge aufgezeigt. Im Rahmen von Versuchen an GFK-stabbewehrten Dehnk{\"o}rpern und Balken wird die Auswirkung der spezifischen mechanischen Eigenschaften der GFK-St{\"a}be auf die Rissentwicklung gegen{\"u}ber stahlbewehrten Bauteilen untersucht. Insbesondere wird betrachtet, welchen Einfluss das Bewehrungsmaterial, der Bewehrungsgrad, die Betonfestigkeit sowie die Belastungsart auf die Mitwirkung des Betons auf Zug zwischen den Rissen sowie auf die Entwicklung des Rissbildes, der Rissbreiten und der Rissabst{\"a}nde haben. Auf Grundlage der experimentellen Untersuchungen wird die {\"U}bertragbarkeit der f{\"u}r Stahlbetonbauteile {\"u}blichen Ans{\"a}tze zur Bestimmung der Rissbreite auf GFK-stabbewehrte Betonbauteile bewertet.}, subject = {Verbundverhalten}, language = {de} } @article{Neef2004, author = {Neef, Sonja}, title = {Was ist Europ{\"a}ische Medienkultur?}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.226}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2262}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Der Sage nach wurde Europa, jene fremde K{\"o}nigstochter, vom G{\"o}ttervater Zeus in der Verkleidung eines majest{\"a}tischen Stiers vom fernen Phoenizien nach Kreta - w{\"o}rtlich - „{\"u}bertragen", das heißt von hier nach dort getragen. So gesehen erzeugt Europa einen dritten Raum, einen Trenn- und/oder Bindestrich zwischen Orient und Okzident, als diasporadische Figur und auch als Kontinent. Die Logik eines solchen Strichs, der zugleich trennt und verbindet, findet eine kartographische Entsprechung im nullten L{\"a}ngengrad, der die ganze Welt in ein Einheit schaffendes Koordinatensystem „{\"u}bersetzt", mit Greenwich als Zentrum. Ein {\"A}quivalent eines solchen fixen Ausgangspunktes findet sich in der perspektivischen Europa-Darstellung in Tiepolos Darstellung der Kontinente im Deckenfries des Treppenhauses der F{\"u}rstbisch{\"o}flichen Residenz in W{\"u}rzburg. In diesem architektonischen Gem{\"a}lde bildet Europa das Frontispiz, das nur von einem privilegierten Standort auf dem ersten Treppenabsatz unverzerrt betrachtet werden kann. Gegenstand dieses Beitrags sind eben diese drei medienkulturellen Europa-Inszenierungen: 1.) eine Sage, 2.) das kartographische Element des Nullmeridians und 3.) Tiepolos Treppenhausgem{\"a}lde, sie alle verstehe ich als medienkulturelle {\"U}bersetzungen Europas. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es zu fragen, wie diese drei kulturellen Objekte in ihren jeweiligen medialen Modi am Europa-Begriff arbeiten. Dreh- und Angelpunkt ist dabei der Akt des {\"U}bersetzens, und zwar sowohl im Sinne einer Umschrift von einem medialen Modus in den anderen als auch als durchaus physisch zu verstehende Bewegung einer Migration zwischen Heimat und Fremde. Ergebnis dieser Betrachtungen ist ein Europa-Begriff, der nicht unproblematisch mit sich selbst identisch ist, sondern sich erst in der Bewegung des {\"U}bersetzens konstituiert, also im dritten Raum oder als Bindestrich zwischen den Kulturen.}, subject = {Kulturwissenschaften}, language = {de} } @article{LikhitruangsilpIoannou2004, author = {Likhitruangsilp, Veerasak and Ioannou, Photios}, title = {Risk-sensitive Markov Decision Process for Underground Construction Planning and Estimating}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.224}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2247}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents an application of dynamic decision making under uncertainty in planning and estimating underground construction. The application of the proposed methodology is illustrated by its application to an actual tunneling project—The Hanging Lake Tunnel Project in Colorado, USA. To encompass the typical risks in underground construction, tunneling decisions are structured as a risk-sensitive Markov decision process that reflects the decision process faced by a contractor in each tunneling round. This decision process consists of five basic components: (1) decision stages (locations), (2) system states (ground classes and tunneling methods), (3) alternatives (tunneling methods), (4) ground class transition probabilities, and (5) tunneling cost structure. The paper also presents concepts related to risk preference that are necessary to model the contractor's risk attitude, including the lottery concept, utility theory, and the delta property. The optimality equation is formulated, the model components are defined, and the model is solved by stochastic dynamic programming. The main results are the optimal construction plans and risk-adjusted project costs, both of which reflect the dynamics of subsurface construction, the uncertainty about geologic variability as a function of available information, and the contractor's risk preference.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{TakagiTaniKawamura2004, author = {Takagi, Kousuke and Tani, Akinori and Kawamura, Hiroshi}, title = {Research on Intelligent Fuzzy Optimal Active and Hybrid Control Systems of Building Structures - Verification of Optimization Method on Switching Rules of Control Forces}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.223}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2238}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Recently, many reseraches on active control systems of building structures are preformed based on modern control theory and are installed real buildings. The authors have already proposed intelligent fuzzy optimal active control (IFOAC) systems. IFOAC systems imitate intelligent activities of human brains such as prediction, adaptation, decision-kaking and so on. In IFOAC systems, objective and subjective judgements on the active control can be taken into account. However, IFOAC systems are considered to be suitable for far-field erathquake and control effect becomes small in case of near-field earthqaukes which include a few velosity pules with large amplitudes. To improve control effect in case of near-souece earthquakes, the authors have also proposed hybrid control (HC) systems, in which IFOAC systems and fuzzy control system are combined. In HC systems, the fuzzy control systems are introduced as a reflective fuzzy active control (RFAC) system and imitates spinal reflection of human. In HC systems, active control forces are activated to buildings in accordance with switching rules on active control forces. In this paper, optimizations on fuzzy control rules in RFAC system and switching rules of active control forces in HC system are performed by Parameter-Free Genetic Algorithms (PfGAs). Here, the optimization is performed by using different earthquake inputs. The results of digital simulations show that the HC system can reduce maximal response displacements under restrictions on strokes of the actuator effectively in case of a near-source earthquake and the effectiveness of the proposed HC system is discussed and clarified.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{WillenbacherHuebler2004, author = {Willenbacher, Heiko and H{\"u}bler, Reinhard}, title = {Intelligent Link-Management for the Support of Integration in Building Life Cycle}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2223}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The processes in the life cycle of buildings are characterised by highly distinct teamwork. The integration of all the distributed working participants, by providing an environment, which especially supports the communication and collaboration between the actors, is a fundamental step to improve the efficiency of the involved processes and to reduce the total costs. In this article, a link based modelling approach and its "intelligent" link management is introduced (1). This approach realises an integration environment based on a special building model that acts as a decision support system. The link-based modelling is characterised by the definition and specialisation of links between partial models. These intelligent managed links enable a very flexible and task specific data access and exchange between all the different views and partial models of the participants.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{GeibigSchnellenbachHeld2004, author = {Geibig, Oliver and Schnellenbach-Held, Martina}, title = {Implementation of an Agent-based Bidding Consortium in the Architecture of an Agent-based Virtual Marketplace}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.221}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2214}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In this research project we intend to transfer the whole AEC-Bidding process to an agent-based virtual marketplace. Hereby, the existing legal regulations have to be considered. Important aspects in developing the virtual marketplace are to provide the possibility to realize an agentbased bidding consortium as well as to integrate subcontractors.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{Abdalla2004, author = {Abdalla, Jamal}, title = {Elements of an Agent-based Mediative Communication Protocol for Design Objects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2207}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Integrated structural engineering system usually consists of large number of design objects that may be distributed across different platforms. These design objects need to communicate data and information among each other. For efficient communication among design objects a common communication protocol need to be defined. This paper presents the elements of a communication protocol that uses a mediator agent to facilitate communication among design objects. This protocol is termed the Mediative Communication Protocol (MCP). The protocol uses certain design communication performatives and the semantics of an Agent Communication language (ACL) mainly the Knowledge and Query Manipulation Language (KQML) to implement its steps. Details of a Mediator Agent, that will facilitate the communication among design objects, is presented. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to present the Meditative protocol and show how the mediator agent can be use to execute the steps of the meditative communication protocol. An example from structural engineering application is presented to demonstrate and validate the protocol. It is concluded that the meditative protocol is a viable protocol to facilitate object-to-object communication and also has potential to facilitate communication among the different project participants at the higher level of integrated structural engineering systems.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{KicingerArciszewskiDeJong2004, author = {Kicinger, Rafal and Arciszewski, Tomasz and De Jong, Kenneth}, title = {Distributed Evolutionary Design: Island-Model-based Optimization of Steel Skeleton Structures in Tall Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.219}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2195}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents results of a study on distributed, or parallel, evolutionary computation in the topological design of steel structural systems in tall buildings. It describes results of extensive experimental research on various parallel evolutionary architectures applied to a complex structural design problem. The experiments were conducted using Inventor 2003, a networkbased evolutionary design support tool developed at George Mason University. First, a general introduction to evolutionary computation is provided with an emphasis on recent developments in parallel evolutionary architectures. Next, a discussion of conceptual design of steel structural systems in tall buildings is presented. Further, Inventor 2003 is briefly introduced as well as its design representation and evolutionary computation characteristics. Next, the results obtained from systematic design experiments conducted with Inventor 2003 are discussed. The objective of these experiments was to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate evolution of steel structural systems in tall buildings during a distributed evolutionary design process as well as to compare efficiency and effectiveness of various parallel evolutionary architectures with the traditional evolutionary design approaches. Two connectivity topologies (ring topology and fully-connected topology) have been investigated for four populations of structural designs evolving in parallel and using various migration strategies. Also, results of the initial sensitivity studies are reported in which two ways of initializing distributed evolutionary design processes were investigated, using either arbitrarily selected designs as initial parents or randomly generated ones. Finally, initial research conclusions are presented.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{MotawaAnumbaElHamalawi2004, author = {Motawa, Ibrahim and Anumba, Chimay and El-Hamalawi, A.}, title = {Development of a Fuzzy System for Change Prediction in Construction Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.218}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2180}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Change management has been the focus of different IT systems. These IT systems were developed to represent design information, record design rationale, facilitate design coordination and changes. They are largely based on managing reactive changes, particularly design changes, in which changes are recorded and then propagated to the relevant project members. However, proactive changes are hardly dealt with in IT systems. Proactive changes require estimating the likelihood of occurrence of a change event as well as estimating the degree of change impacts on project parameters. Changes in construction projects often result from the uncertainty associated with the imprecise and vague knowledge of much project information at the early stages of projects. This is a major outcome of the case studies carried out as part of this research. Therefore, the proposed model considers that incomplete knowledge and certain project characteristics are always behind change causes. For proactive changes, predicting a change event is the main task for modelling. The prediction model should strive to integrate these main elements: 1) project characteristics that lead to change 2) causes of change, 3) the likelihood of change occurrence, and 4) the change consequences. It should also define the dependency relationships between these elements. However, limited data (documented) are only available from previous projects for change cases and many of the above elements can only be expressed in linguistic terms. This means that the model will simulate the uncertainty and subjectivity associated with these sets of elements. Therefore, a fuzzy model is proposed in this research to capture these elements. The model analyses the impact of each set of elements on the other by assigning fuzzy values for these elements that express the uncertainty and subjectivity of their impact. The main aim is to predict change events and evaluate change effects on project parameters. The fuzzy model described above was developed in an IT system for operational purposes and was designed as a Java package of components with their supporting classes, beans, and files. This paper describes the development and the architecture of the proposed IT system to achieve these requirements. The system is intended to help project teams in dealing with change causes and then the change consequences in construction projects.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{ZavadskasKaklauskasViteikiene2004, author = {Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras and Kaklauskas, Arturas and Viteikiene, Milda}, title = {Database of Best Practices and Decision Support Web-based System for Construction Innovation}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.217}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2173}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Many construction and facilities management Web sites can be found on the Internet. The interested parties on construction and facilities management Web sites can find databases of best practices, calculators, analyzers, software, expert and decision support systems, neural networks, etc. Technological innovation mainly through changes in the availability of information and communication technology inclusive databases of best practices, calculators, analyzers, software, neural networks, decision support and expert systems that have been provided by a variety of new services developed by the construction and facilities management sectors. Most of all calculators, analyzers, software, decision support and expert systems, neural networks and on-line systems seek to find out how to make the most economic decisions and most of all these decisions are intended only for economic objectives. Alternatives under evaluation have to be evaluated not only from the economic position, but take into consideration qualitative, technical, technological and other characteristics as well. Based on the analysis of the existing calculators, analyzers, information, expert and decision support systems, neural networks and in order to determine most efficient versions of best practices a Decision Support Web-Based System for Construction Innovation (IDSS) was developed by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{ChangChangHuang2004, author = {Chang, Chihyuan and Chang, Yuanchu and Huang, Shyhmeng}, title = {Application of a Agent Mechanism to the Small-scale Maintenance of School Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.216}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2165}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents an agent-based software, Virtual Administrator System (VAS) for the smallscale maintenance of school buildings. VAS is capable of handling a heavy load of routine, lowtech maintenance jobs. It assigns a different priority to each job application according to its significance and urgency, and automatically adjusts schedules for maintenance engineers when on-site supervision is needed. The system can help ease off the burden of routine small-scale maintenance work, making it more cost-effective and efficient in the overall management of school building maintenance. VAS posts jobs on the Web in a multi-media format and classified all applications into four categories: the on-call maintenance contract, the term maintenance contract, the guaranty maintenance contract, and the regular maintenance contract. It then estimates their urgency level and passes the information to maintenance engineers who will decide whether on-site inspection is needed. Based on the engineers' feedback, VAS automatically implements the scheduling for inspection as well as sends out real-time or batch notifications to contractors. All these activities are recorded in a database to allow continuous research and data mining and the analysis and diagnosis of specific jobs for followup maintenance plans.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{AlbertFreischladPullmann2004, author = {Albert, Andrej and Freischlad, Mark and Pullmann, Torben}, title = {Acquisition of Conceptual Design Knowledge in Structural Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.215}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2154}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Expert systems integrating fuzzy reasoning techniques represent a powerful tool to support practicing engineers during the early stages of structural design. In this context fuzzy models have proved themselves to be very suitable for the representation of complex design knowledge. However their definition is a laborious task. This paper introduces an approach for the design and the optimization of fuzzy systems based upon Genetic Programming. To keep the emerging fuzzy systems transparent a new framework for the definition of linguistic variables is also introduced.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{YabukiKotaniShitani2004, author = {Yabuki, Nobuyoshi and Kotani, Jun and Shitani, Tomoaki}, title = {A Steel Bridge Design System Architecture using VR-CAD and Web Service-based Multi-Agents}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2146}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents a new design environment based on Multi-Agents and Virtual Reality (VR). In this research, a design system with a virtual reality function was developed. The virtual world was realized by using GL4Java, liquid crystal shutter glasses, sensor systems, etc. And the Multi-Agent CAD system with product models, which had been developed before, was integrated with the VR design system. A prototype system was developed for highway steel plate girder bridges, and was applied to a design problem. The application verified the effectiveness of the developed system.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{ElRayesHyari2004, author = {El-Rayes, Khaled and Hyari, Khalied}, title = {A Multi-objective Model for Optimizing Construction Planning of Repetitive Infrastructure Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.213}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2135}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents the development of a model for optimizing resource utilization in repetitive infrastructure projects. The model provides the capability of simultaneous minimization of both project duration and work interruptions for construction crews. The model provides in a single run, a set of nondominated solutions that represent the tradeoff between these two objectives. The model incorporates a multiobjective genetic algorithm and scheduling algorithm. The model initially generates a randomly selected set of solutions that evolves to a near optimal set of tradeoff solutions in subsequent generations. Each solution represents a unique scheduling solution that is associated with certain project duration and a number of interruption days for utilized construction crews. As such, the model provides project planners with alternative schedules along with their expected duration and resource utilization efficiency.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{MaQin2004, author = {Ma, Zhiliang and Qin, Liang}, title = {A Framework of Management Information System for Construction Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.212}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2126}, year = {2004}, abstract = {A comprehensive framework of information management system for construction projects in China has been established through extensive literature survey and field investigation. It utilizes the potential information technologies and covers the practical management patterns as well as the major aspects of construction project management. It can be used to guide and evaluate the design of the information management systems for construction projects in order to make the system to be applicable to a wide variety of construction projects and survive the changes in project management.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{Firmenich2004, author = {Firmenich, Berthold}, title = {Product Models in Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.211}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2119}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The Priority Programme 'Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering' of the 'German Research Foundation' (DFG) has been established in the year 2000. This paper describes and discusses the main research directions and first results of the workgroup 'Distributed Product Models'. The five projects of the workgroup have developed completely different solutions for specific application domains. Each solution concept deals with a consistent product modeling and knowledge processing in a distributed environment in the planning process. The individual solution approaches of the projects are described and the underlying basic assumptions are discussed. A unified system architecture is described for all projects of the workgroup. Two different approaches (object-oriented and graph-based models) have been introduced for product and knowledge modeling. The common structure of these models will be explained to fully understand the differences of these modeling approaches. Finally the concepts for co-operative work and conflict management in a distributed environment are described: The solution approaches will be distinguished by classifying the supported co-operation according to time. A final scientific summary describes the state-of-the-art in network based co-operation in structural engineering: The role of research directions like knowledge modeling, standard product modeling and versioning in the distributed planning process will be explained.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{SchnellenbachHeldHartmann2004, author = {Schnellenbach-Held, Martina and Hartmann, Markus}, title = {Knowledge Based Systems in Distributed Desgin Environments}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.210}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2106}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Today's building industry not only demands more and more reduced construction time on building site, but also an advanced and mostly construction attendant design phase. Even though there is software available to support design processes in distributed environments, most applications only support simple document based exchange of information. In this paper a knowledge based system is presented to support cooperative, comprehensive design processes in distributed environments. The presented research project is financially supported by the German Research Community (DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{KraftWilhelms2004, author = {Kraft, Bodo and Wilhelms, Nils}, title = {Interactive Distributed Knowledge Support for Conceptual Building Design}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.209}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2094}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In our project, we develop new tools for the conceptual design phase. During conceptual design, the coarse functionality and organization of a building is more important than a detailed worked out construction. We identify two roles, first the knowledge engineer who is responsible for knowledge definition and maintenance; second the architect who elaborates the conceptual design. The tool for the knowledge engineer is based on graph technology, it is specified using PROGRES and the UPGRADE framework. The tools for the architect are integrated to the industrial CAD tool ArchiCAD. Consistency between knowledge and conceptual design is ensured by the constraint checker, another extension to ArchiCAD.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{AzizAnumbaMiles2004, author = {Aziz, Zeeshan and Anumba, Chimay and Miles, John}, title = {Towards a Semantic Grid Computing Platform for Disaster Management in Built Environment}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.208}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2084}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Current disaster management procedures rely primarily on heuristics which result in their strategies being very cautious and sub-optimum in terms of saving life, minimising damage and returning the building to its normal function. Also effective disaster management demands decentralized, dynamic, flexible, short term and across domain resource sharing, which is not well supported by existing distributing computing infrastructres. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for emergency management in the built environment, using Semantic Grid as an integrating platform for different technologies. The framework supports a distributed network of specialists in built environment, including structural engineers, building technologists, decision analysts etc. It brings together the necessary technology threads, including the Semantic Web (to provide a framework for shared definitions of terms, resources and relationships), Web Services (to provide dynamic discovery and integration) and Grid Computing (for enhanced computational power, high speed access, collaboration and security control) to support rapid formation of virtual teams for disaster management. The proposed framework also make an extensive use of modelling and simulation (both numerical and using visualisations), data mining (to find resources in legacy data sets) and visualisation. It also include a variety of hardware instruments with access to real time data. Furthermore the whole framework is centred on collaborative working by the virtual team. Although focus of this paper is on disaster management, many aspects of the discussed Grid and Visualisation technologies will be useful for any other forms of collaboration. Conclusions are drawn about the possible future impact on the built environment.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{WeiseKatranuschkovScherer2004, author = {Weise, Matthias and Katranuschkov, Peter and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {Generic Services for the Support of Evolving Building Model Data}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.207}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2077}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Many problems related to data integration in AEC can be better tackled by an approach that takes into account the heterogeneity of tasks, models and applications but does not require continuous consistency of the evolving design data, at each data management operation. Such an approach must incorporate adequate services that can facilitate reintegration of concurrently modified data at reasonably selected coordination points. In this paper we present a set of methods which, used in combination, can achieve that goal. After a description of the principal envisaged cooperative work scenario each of these methods is discussed in detail and current observations drawn from their software realisation are given. Whilst the suggested approach is valid for any EXPRESS-based data model, the practical focus of work has been on facilitating IFC-driven integration.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Huhn2004, author = {Huhn, Michael}, title = {Abstract and Concrete Scenarios in Concurrent Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.206}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2068}, year = {2004}, abstract = {An architecture of a distributed planning system for the building industry has been developed. The emphasis is on highly collaborative environments in steelwork, timber construction etc. where designers concurrently handle 3D models. The overall system connects local design systems by the so-called Design Framework DFW. This framework consists of the definition of distributed components and protocols which make the collaborative design work. The process of collaborative design has been formalized on an abstract level. This paper describes how this has been done. A sample is given to illustrate the mapping of concrete scenarios of the 'real design world' to an abstract scenario level. This work is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG as part of the project SPP1103 (Meißner et al. 2003).}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{CerovsekTurk2004, author = {Cerovsek, Tomo and Turk, Ziga}, title = {Working Together: ICT Infrastructures to Support Collaboration}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.205}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2055}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper summarizes a part of research carried out in ICCI project and provides a current review of ICT infrastructures supporting collaboration. It covers taxonomies, protocols, standards, components, typical subsystems as well as future trends and recommendation for two most important technologies with applications in AEC: (1) EIP (Enterprise information portal) - a single gateway to a company's information, knowledge base, and applications for all actors; (2) RTC (Real-Time Communication and Collaboration technologies) that provide means for asynchronous communication between geographically dislocated people using ICT. Proposed future developments are: orientation towards web services - with building information models, business intelligence, personalization, AEC information retrieval, p2p workspaces and grids.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} } @article{BeerFirmenichRichter2004, author = {Beer, Daniel G. and Firmenich, Berthold and Richter, Torsten}, title = {A Concept for CAD Systems with Persistent Versioned Data Models}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.204}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2046}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The synchronous distributed processing of common source code in the software development process is supported by well proven methods. The planning process has similarities with the software development process. However, there are no consistent and similarly successful methods for applications in construction projects. A new approach is proposed in this contribution.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Berger2004, author = {Berger, Martin}, title = {Typologiebildung und Erkl{\"a}rung des Aktivit{\"a}ten-(Verkehrs-)verhaltens - ein Multimethodenansatz unter Verwendung der Optimal Matching Technik}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.203}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041115-2108}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Vor dem Hintergrund des gesellschaftlichen Wandels sieht sich die Verkehrsforschung mit neuen Anforderungen an die Konzeption, Anpassung, Anwendung usw. von statistischen Ans{\"a}tzen zur Analyse des Aktivit{\"a}ten-(Verkehrs-)verhaltens konfrontiert, um auf Basis empirischer Daten ad{\"a}quat Zusammenh{\"a}nge der Verkehrsentstehung zu erforschen. Ausgehend von der musterorientierten Perspektive - das heißt Untersuchungsgegenstand sind chronologische Abfolgen von Ortsver{\"a}nderungen und T{\"a}tigkeiten in Form von Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmustern - besteht das Ziel einer m{\"o}glichst realit{\"a}tsnahen Abbildung und Erkl{\"a}rung von individuellen Unterschieden im Raum-Zeit-Verhalten. Neu bzw. kaum etabliert sind in diesem Kontext der eigens konzipierte Multimethodenansatz sowie die Optimal Matching Technik, die erweiterte Abbildungseigenschaften zur Distanzmessung zwischen Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmustern aufweist. Erkannt werden durch jene Methode gleiche T{\"a}tigkeiten bzw. Ortsver{\"a}nderungen, die zeitlich an unterschiedlichen Stellen der zu vergleichenden Muster angeordnet sind sowie identische Subsequenzen. Zielf{\"u}hrend in der Datenanalyse ist nachstehende Abfolge von Verfahren: Die Klassifikation von Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmustern zur Reduktionen deren immenser Komplexit{\"a}t gelingt durch Einsatz der Optimal Matching Technik. Diese quantifiziert (Un-){\"a}hnlichkeiten zwischen Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmustern („Abstandsmessung") unterschiedlicher Personen oder zu vergleichender Zeitabschnitte einer Person. Die dadurch berechnete Distanzmatrix bildet den Ausgangspunkt des clusteranalytischen Fusions-algorithmus, dessen Aufgabe die Zusammenfassung der Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster ist (explorative Stufe). Die Anwendung eines multinomialen Logit-Modells erm{\"o}glicht auf Individualebene die Vorhersage der Affinit{\"a}t zu Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster-Typen anhand von Merkmalswerten identifizierter Erkl{\"a}rungsgr{\"o}ßen der Personen, des Haushaltes usw. (induktive Stufe). Im Gegensatz zu einschl{\"a}gigen Forschungsarbeiten zeichnet sich die gew{\"a}hlte Untersuchungsstrategie durch die Objektivit{\"a}t des Vorgehens aus, da eine a-priori Bildung von Personen-kategorien nicht notwendig ist. Ebenso grenzt die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der zuf{\"a}lligen und nicht-erkl{\"a}rbaren Verhaltensvariabilit{\"a}t durch das Wahrscheinlichkeitsprinzip des gew{\"a}hlten Logit-Modells das eigene Vorgehen von anderen Untersuchungen ab. Aufgrund der weitgehend ungekl{\"a}rten Anwendungsgrundlagen der Optimal Matching Technik befasst sich die vorliegende Arbeit zun{\"a}chst mit dessen inhaltlicher Ausrichtung am Untersuchungsgegenstand. Die Anpassung der festzulegenden Aufwandswerte, welche f{\"u}r die ben{\"o}tigten Aktionen angesetzt werden, um ein Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster in ein anderes zu transformieren, erfolgt mit Hilfe einer empirisch Absch{\"a}tzung, die weit {\"u}ber ein argumentatives Vorgehen hinausgeht. Der ermittelte Sequenzabstand inkludiert dabei die operationsspezifische Distanz bei {\"U}berg{\"a}ngen zwischen den konstituierenden Zust{\"a}nden der zu vergleichenden Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster („Zustands{\"a}hnlichkeit"). Abstandsmaß f{\"u}r die qualitativen Zust{\"a}nde ist dabei die ermittelte Priorit{\"a}t von wege- und t{\"a}tigkeitenbezogenen Handlungen. Die Relevanz einer Ausrichtung belegt auch die durchgef{\"u}hrte Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse: Das Ausmaß der Empfindlichkeit der Optimal Matching Technik ist insbesondere gegen{\"u}ber der Festlegung der Aufwandswerte betr{\"a}chtlich. Um die Analysepotenziale des Multimethodenansatzes zu demonstrieren, werden exemplarisch interpersonelle Unterschiede im w{\"o}chentlichen Aktivit{\"a}ten-(Verkehrs-)verhaltens (Datenbasis: deutsches Mobilit{\"a}tspanel) analysiert. Ergebnis der Klassifikation (explorative Analysestufe) ist eine auf den ersten Blick inhaltlich stichhaltige Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster-Typologie charakteristischer Wochenabl{\"a}ufe des Aktivit{\"a}ten-(Verkehrs-)verhaltens: Unterschiedliche Arten, zeitlicher Umfang und zeitliche Lage der Haupt-aktivit{\"a}ten, unterschiedliche Verkehrsverhaltensweisen sowie unterschiedliche clusterspezifische Tag zu Tag Rhythmen, Gleichf{\"o}rmigkeiten, Schwankungen usw. des Raum-Zeit-Verhaltens kennzeichnen die Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster-Typen. Die Abbildungs-eigenschaften der Optimal-Matching Technik zeichnen sich in den erstellten Clustern nur teilweise ab: W{\"a}hrend die Zustandselementkomposition - augenscheinlich betrachtet - passabel durch die Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster-Typologie abgebildet wird, bleibt ungewiss, ob und inwieweit dies f{\"u}r die Abfolge{\"a}hnlichkeit gilt. Aus dem induktiven Analyseschritt geht hervor: Alter, Geschlecht, Verf{\"u}gbarkeit einer {\"O}PNV-Zeitkarte, F{\"u}hrerscheinbesitz und mit herausragender Bedeutung der Erwerbsstatus signalisieren als maßgebende Erkl{\"a}rungsgr{\"o}ßen eine Trennwirkung. {\"U}berdies zeigt das Gesamtbild der ermittelten Wirkungsrichtungen und Effektst{\"a}rken {\"u}berzeugende Erkl{\"a}rungszusammenh{\"a}nge auf. Damit ist ein Nachweis der Praktikabilit{\"a}t des eigens konzipierten Multimethodenansatzes unter Verwendung der Optimal Matching Technik zur musterorientierten Analyse des Raum-Zeit-Verhaltens erbracht.}, subject = {Verkehrsverhalten}, language = {de} } @article{KatranuschkovGehreScherer2004, author = {Katranuschkov, Peter and Gehre, Alexander and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {User Requirements Capture in Distributed Project Environments: A Process-centred Approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2029}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Efforts to define standards for representing AEC/FM data have been fairly successful. However defining a standard reference process model has not met with the same success. Yet almost every conceptual modelling or software development project starts by defining the business processes to be supported and the related requirements to be satisfied. This paper describes a new process-centred methodology for user requirements capture developed in the ICCI project (IST-2001-33022). Its essence is in recognising user requirements and use cases in the context of the real construction process, identifying the actors and roles for each individual activity and associating these activities with information, communication and standardisation requirements on the basis of a formalised specification, named the Process Matrix. In the paper we outline the history of process matrix development, introduce the basic structure of the matrix and show how it can be further extended and refined. We present also a web-based software implementation of the developed approach, describe how it has been used in ICCI and outline further perspectives.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WilsonDamodaranOlphert2004, author = {Wilson, Ian E. and Damodaran, Leela and Olphert, Wendy}, title = {ICT Adoption in the Construction Sector: Education and Training Issues}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.201}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2013}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Organisational and human issues have been highlighted, among other issues (ICT infrastructures, legal and contractual, etc.), as key elements in enhancing the competitiveness of the construction sector. More specifically, the importance of human resources has been recognised, especially training and professional development, in order to cultivate a stable workforce. The paper provides a review of the key training needs for the construction sector with particular reference to the uptake and exploitation of new technologies and working practices, presents an action plan to address learning and training needs, and proposes an eight-stage iterative learning and training methodology. The results will be of particular interest to managers in stakeholder organisations of all sizes throughout the sector, plus academic and research bodies intending to continue construction ICT research.}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HassanShelbournCarter2004, author = {Hassan, Tarek and Shelbourn, Mark and Carter, Chris}, title = {Collaboration in Construction: Legal and Contractual Issues in ICT Applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2007}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2005}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The construction industry is a project-based business bringing together many different organisations to complete a desired goal. The strategic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has enabled this goal to be completed more effectively. Two issues require addressing, the technology itself and the implementation factors of the technology. Such implementation factors should consider, among other factors, the legal and contractual issues associated with the use of ICT, training requirements and its effects on the organisational culture. To date the legal and contractual issues have not been extensively covered, and it is recognised that the technologies have not been properly covered by any recognised legal and contractual practices. This in turn is threatening to inhibit the growth and prosperity of the use of the technology on construction projects. This paper discusses these legal and contractual issues and describes methods and tools that can be used to enable the growth of technology to be used in a legal and contractually valid environment.}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {en} }