@article{AzizAnumbaMiles2004, author = {Aziz, Zeeshan and Anumba, Chimay and Miles, John}, title = {Towards a Semantic Grid Computing Platform for Disaster Management in Built Environment}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.208}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2084}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Current disaster management procedures rely primarily on heuristics which result in their strategies being very cautious and sub-optimum in terms of saving life, minimising damage and returning the building to its normal function. Also effective disaster management demands decentralized, dynamic, flexible, short term and across domain resource sharing, which is not well supported by existing distributing computing infrastructres. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for emergency management in the built environment, using Semantic Grid as an integrating platform for different technologies. The framework supports a distributed network of specialists in built environment, including structural engineers, building technologists, decision analysts etc. It brings together the necessary technology threads, including the Semantic Web (to provide a framework for shared definitions of terms, resources and relationships), Web Services (to provide dynamic discovery and integration) and Grid Computing (for enhanced computational power, high speed access, collaboration and security control) to support rapid formation of virtual teams for disaster management. The proposed framework also make an extensive use of modelling and simulation (both numerical and using visualisations), data mining (to find resources in legacy data sets) and visualisation. It also include a variety of hardware instruments with access to real time data. Furthermore the whole framework is centred on collaborative working by the virtual team. Although focus of this paper is on disaster management, many aspects of the discussed Grid and Visualisation technologies will be useful for any other forms of collaboration. Conclusions are drawn about the possible future impact on the built environment.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{WeiseKatranuschkovScherer2004, author = {Weise, Matthias and Katranuschkov, Peter and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {Generic Services for the Support of Evolving Building Model Data}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.207}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2077}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Many problems related to data integration in AEC can be better tackled by an approach that takes into account the heterogeneity of tasks, models and applications but does not require continuous consistency of the evolving design data, at each data management operation. Such an approach must incorporate adequate services that can facilitate reintegration of concurrently modified data at reasonably selected coordination points. In this paper we present a set of methods which, used in combination, can achieve that goal. After a description of the principal envisaged cooperative work scenario each of these methods is discussed in detail and current observations drawn from their software realisation are given. Whilst the suggested approach is valid for any EXPRESS-based data model, the practical focus of work has been on facilitating IFC-driven integration.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Huhn2004, author = {Huhn, Michael}, title = {Abstract and Concrete Scenarios in Concurrent Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.206}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2068}, year = {2004}, abstract = {An architecture of a distributed planning system for the building industry has been developed. The emphasis is on highly collaborative environments in steelwork, timber construction etc. where designers concurrently handle 3D models. The overall system connects local design systems by the so-called Design Framework DFW. This framework consists of the definition of distributed components and protocols which make the collaborative design work. The process of collaborative design has been formalized on an abstract level. This paper describes how this has been done. A sample is given to illustrate the mapping of concrete scenarios of the 'real design world' to an abstract scenario level. This work is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG as part of the project SPP1103 (Meißner et al. 2003).}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{CerovsekTurk2004, author = {Cerovsek, Tomo and Turk, Ziga}, title = {Working Together: ICT Infrastructures to Support Collaboration}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.205}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2055}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper summarizes a part of research carried out in ICCI project and provides a current review of ICT infrastructures supporting collaboration. It covers taxonomies, protocols, standards, components, typical subsystems as well as future trends and recommendation for two most important technologies with applications in AEC: (1) EIP (Enterprise information portal) - a single gateway to a company's information, knowledge base, and applications for all actors; (2) RTC (Real-Time Communication and Collaboration technologies) that provide means for asynchronous communication between geographically dislocated people using ICT. Proposed future developments are: orientation towards web services - with building information models, business intelligence, personalization, AEC information retrieval, p2p workspaces and grids.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} } @article{BeerFirmenichRichter2004, author = {Beer, Daniel G. and Firmenich, Berthold and Richter, Torsten}, title = {A Concept for CAD Systems with Persistent Versioned Data Models}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.204}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2046}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The synchronous distributed processing of common source code in the software development process is supported by well proven methods. The planning process has similarities with the software development process. However, there are no consistent and similarly successful methods for applications in construction projects. A new approach is proposed in this contribution.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Berger2004, author = {Berger, Martin}, title = {Typologiebildung und Erkl{\"a}rung des Aktivit{\"a}ten-(Verkehrs-)verhaltens - ein Multimethodenansatz unter Verwendung der Optimal Matching Technik}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.203}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041115-2108}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Vor dem Hintergrund des gesellschaftlichen Wandels sieht sich die Verkehrsforschung mit neuen Anforderungen an die Konzeption, Anpassung, Anwendung usw. von statistischen Ans{\"a}tzen zur Analyse des Aktivit{\"a}ten-(Verkehrs-)verhaltens konfrontiert, um auf Basis empirischer Daten ad{\"a}quat Zusammenh{\"a}nge der Verkehrsentstehung zu erforschen. Ausgehend von der musterorientierten Perspektive - das heißt Untersuchungsgegenstand sind chronologische Abfolgen von Ortsver{\"a}nderungen und T{\"a}tigkeiten in Form von Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmustern - besteht das Ziel einer m{\"o}glichst realit{\"a}tsnahen Abbildung und Erkl{\"a}rung von individuellen Unterschieden im Raum-Zeit-Verhalten. Neu bzw. kaum etabliert sind in diesem Kontext der eigens konzipierte Multimethodenansatz sowie die Optimal Matching Technik, die erweiterte Abbildungseigenschaften zur Distanzmessung zwischen Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmustern aufweist. Erkannt werden durch jene Methode gleiche T{\"a}tigkeiten bzw. Ortsver{\"a}nderungen, die zeitlich an unterschiedlichen Stellen der zu vergleichenden Muster angeordnet sind sowie identische Subsequenzen. Zielf{\"u}hrend in der Datenanalyse ist nachstehende Abfolge von Verfahren: Die Klassifikation von Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmustern zur Reduktionen deren immenser Komplexit{\"a}t gelingt durch Einsatz der Optimal Matching Technik. Diese quantifiziert (Un-){\"a}hnlichkeiten zwischen Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmustern („Abstandsmessung") unterschiedlicher Personen oder zu vergleichender Zeitabschnitte einer Person. Die dadurch berechnete Distanzmatrix bildet den Ausgangspunkt des clusteranalytischen Fusions-algorithmus, dessen Aufgabe die Zusammenfassung der Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster ist (explorative Stufe). Die Anwendung eines multinomialen Logit-Modells erm{\"o}glicht auf Individualebene die Vorhersage der Affinit{\"a}t zu Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster-Typen anhand von Merkmalswerten identifizierter Erkl{\"a}rungsgr{\"o}ßen der Personen, des Haushaltes usw. (induktive Stufe). Im Gegensatz zu einschl{\"a}gigen Forschungsarbeiten zeichnet sich die gew{\"a}hlte Untersuchungsstrategie durch die Objektivit{\"a}t des Vorgehens aus, da eine a-priori Bildung von Personen-kategorien nicht notwendig ist. Ebenso grenzt die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der zuf{\"a}lligen und nicht-erkl{\"a}rbaren Verhaltensvariabilit{\"a}t durch das Wahrscheinlichkeitsprinzip des gew{\"a}hlten Logit-Modells das eigene Vorgehen von anderen Untersuchungen ab. Aufgrund der weitgehend ungekl{\"a}rten Anwendungsgrundlagen der Optimal Matching Technik befasst sich die vorliegende Arbeit zun{\"a}chst mit dessen inhaltlicher Ausrichtung am Untersuchungsgegenstand. Die Anpassung der festzulegenden Aufwandswerte, welche f{\"u}r die ben{\"o}tigten Aktionen angesetzt werden, um ein Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster in ein anderes zu transformieren, erfolgt mit Hilfe einer empirisch Absch{\"a}tzung, die weit {\"u}ber ein argumentatives Vorgehen hinausgeht. Der ermittelte Sequenzabstand inkludiert dabei die operationsspezifische Distanz bei {\"U}berg{\"a}ngen zwischen den konstituierenden Zust{\"a}nden der zu vergleichenden Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster („Zustands{\"a}hnlichkeit"). Abstandsmaß f{\"u}r die qualitativen Zust{\"a}nde ist dabei die ermittelte Priorit{\"a}t von wege- und t{\"a}tigkeitenbezogenen Handlungen. Die Relevanz einer Ausrichtung belegt auch die durchgef{\"u}hrte Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse: Das Ausmaß der Empfindlichkeit der Optimal Matching Technik ist insbesondere gegen{\"u}ber der Festlegung der Aufwandswerte betr{\"a}chtlich. Um die Analysepotenziale des Multimethodenansatzes zu demonstrieren, werden exemplarisch interpersonelle Unterschiede im w{\"o}chentlichen Aktivit{\"a}ten-(Verkehrs-)verhaltens (Datenbasis: deutsches Mobilit{\"a}tspanel) analysiert. Ergebnis der Klassifikation (explorative Analysestufe) ist eine auf den ersten Blick inhaltlich stichhaltige Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster-Typologie charakteristischer Wochenabl{\"a}ufe des Aktivit{\"a}ten-(Verkehrs-)verhaltens: Unterschiedliche Arten, zeitlicher Umfang und zeitliche Lage der Haupt-aktivit{\"a}ten, unterschiedliche Verkehrsverhaltensweisen sowie unterschiedliche clusterspezifische Tag zu Tag Rhythmen, Gleichf{\"o}rmigkeiten, Schwankungen usw. des Raum-Zeit-Verhaltens kennzeichnen die Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster-Typen. Die Abbildungs-eigenschaften der Optimal-Matching Technik zeichnen sich in den erstellten Clustern nur teilweise ab: W{\"a}hrend die Zustandselementkomposition - augenscheinlich betrachtet - passabel durch die Wege-Aktivit{\"a}tenmuster-Typologie abgebildet wird, bleibt ungewiss, ob und inwieweit dies f{\"u}r die Abfolge{\"a}hnlichkeit gilt. Aus dem induktiven Analyseschritt geht hervor: Alter, Geschlecht, Verf{\"u}gbarkeit einer {\"O}PNV-Zeitkarte, F{\"u}hrerscheinbesitz und mit herausragender Bedeutung der Erwerbsstatus signalisieren als maßgebende Erkl{\"a}rungsgr{\"o}ßen eine Trennwirkung. {\"U}berdies zeigt das Gesamtbild der ermittelten Wirkungsrichtungen und Effektst{\"a}rken {\"u}berzeugende Erkl{\"a}rungszusammenh{\"a}nge auf. Damit ist ein Nachweis der Praktikabilit{\"a}t des eigens konzipierten Multimethodenansatzes unter Verwendung der Optimal Matching Technik zur musterorientierten Analyse des Raum-Zeit-Verhaltens erbracht.}, subject = {Verkehrsverhalten}, language = {de} } @article{KatranuschkovGehreScherer2004, author = {Katranuschkov, Peter and Gehre, Alexander and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {User Requirements Capture in Distributed Project Environments: A Process-centred Approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2029}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Efforts to define standards for representing AEC/FM data have been fairly successful. However defining a standard reference process model has not met with the same success. Yet almost every conceptual modelling or software development project starts by defining the business processes to be supported and the related requirements to be satisfied. This paper describes a new process-centred methodology for user requirements capture developed in the ICCI project (IST-2001-33022). Its essence is in recognising user requirements and use cases in the context of the real construction process, identifying the actors and roles for each individual activity and associating these activities with information, communication and standardisation requirements on the basis of a formalised specification, named the Process Matrix. In the paper we outline the history of process matrix development, introduce the basic structure of the matrix and show how it can be further extended and refined. We present also a web-based software implementation of the developed approach, describe how it has been used in ICCI and outline further perspectives.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WilsonDamodaranOlphert2004, author = {Wilson, Ian E. and Damodaran, Leela and Olphert, Wendy}, title = {ICT Adoption in the Construction Sector: Education and Training Issues}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.201}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2013}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Organisational and human issues have been highlighted, among other issues (ICT infrastructures, legal and contractual, etc.), as key elements in enhancing the competitiveness of the construction sector. More specifically, the importance of human resources has been recognised, especially training and professional development, in order to cultivate a stable workforce. The paper provides a review of the key training needs for the construction sector with particular reference to the uptake and exploitation of new technologies and working practices, presents an action plan to address learning and training needs, and proposes an eight-stage iterative learning and training methodology. The results will be of particular interest to managers in stakeholder organisations of all sizes throughout the sector, plus academic and research bodies intending to continue construction ICT research.}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HassanShelbournCarter2004, author = {Hassan, Tarek and Shelbourn, Mark and Carter, Chris}, title = {Collaboration in Construction: Legal and Contractual Issues in ICT Applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2007}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2005}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The construction industry is a project-based business bringing together many different organisations to complete a desired goal. The strategic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has enabled this goal to be completed more effectively. Two issues require addressing, the technology itself and the implementation factors of the technology. Such implementation factors should consider, among other factors, the legal and contractual issues associated with the use of ICT, training requirements and its effects on the organisational culture. To date the legal and contractual issues have not been extensively covered, and it is recognised that the technologies have not been properly covered by any recognised legal and contractual practices. This in turn is threatening to inhibit the growth and prosperity of the use of the technology on construction projects. This paper discusses these legal and contractual issues and describes methods and tools that can be used to enable the growth of technology to be used in a legal and contractually valid environment.}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZarliStorerKazi2004, author = {Zarli, Alain and Storer, Graham and Kazi, Abdul Samad (Sami)}, title = {Building a Better Future: Major Results from the ICCI Cluster Project}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.199}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1994}, year = {2004}, abstract = {To support research in the building sector and in order to help it move towards a new digital economy, the European Commission under the 5th Framework initiative, especially the IST programme, funded various RTD projects. The opportunity to bring these IST projects together was acknowledged so that stronger links can be created under a clustering umbrella and that, moreover, links of those projects with their RTD environment could be facilitated. This has been the objective of work carried out within the ICCI (IST-2001-33022) Cluster project. This paper introduces the main aims and objectives of the project, and then presents its principal outcomes. In a second part, it synthesises the underlying concepts, technology and tools that will make ICT-based Construction a reality in a near future, and gives recommended actions for the industry, the EC and the Construction ICT R\&D in Europe, giving some benefit of this project experience to the three communities.}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {en} }