@inproceedings{RenShiXu2004,
  author    = {Ren, Aizhu and Shi, Jianyong and Xu, Yun},
  title     = {Modeling of Buildings and Roads for Urban Applications based on 2D Digital Maps},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.179},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1791},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Three-dimensional models of urban objects play an important role in the urban applications such as urban planning, environmental concerning, or urban disaster mitigations. While the modeling of urban objects is time consuming and storage costing. This paper presents solutions for this. Buildings with regular shapes and plane roofs are constructed into computer models by identifying of graphic elements from the digital maps of urban area to get building base plane and building heights. Buildings with irregular shapes and non-plane roofs are constructed into computer models by employment of a specific system developed by the authors. Road objects and topologies are constructed into computer models by employment of specific algorithms. The solutions presented in this paper has been used in the development of urban disaster mitigation system for Shantou, China.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Berninger2004,
  author    = {Berninger, Anna Maria},
  title     = {Mikrostrukturelle Eigenschaften von Quarz als Bestandteil sp{\"a}t reagierender, alkaliempfindlicher Zuschl{\"a}ge},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.478},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20050310-4494},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Zwischen den Jahren 1920 und 1930 kam es an der kalifornischen K{\"u}ste zu Bausch{\"a}den an Br{\"u}cken und Fahrbahnen, die sich vor allem in einer deutlichen Rissbildung {\"a}ußerten. Seither werden immer wieder Bausch{\"a}den beschrieben, deren Ursache in der Reaktion von Zuschl{\"a}gen, die „reaktive" Kiesels{\"a}ure enthalten, mit der Porenl{\"o}sung des Betons zu sehen ist. Diese Reaktion wird als Alkali-Kiesels{\"a}ure Reaktion (AKR) bezeichnet. Seit der ersten Ver{\"o}ffentlichung von Stanton {\"u}ber die „alkali-aggregate reaction" an opalhaltigen Zuschl{\"a}gen sind hunderte von Forschungsarbeiten zu diesem Thema durchgef{\"u}hrt und deren Ergebnisse ver{\"o}ffentlicht worden. Trotz eingehender Forschung seit mehr als 8o Jahren ist weder der Mechanismus der AKR vollst{\"a}ndig gekl{\"a}rt noch eine eindeutige Voraussage {\"u}ber die Gef{\"a}hrdung von Bauwerken oder Bauteilen mit potentiell AKR-empfindlichen Zuschl{\"a}gen m{\"o}glich. Das liegt vor allen Dingen daran, das es sich bei der AKR um eine Reaktion handelt, die aus einer komplexen Abfolge chemischer und physikalischer Prozesse besteht, die in ihrer Gesamtheit zu einer Sch{\"a}digung von Beton bzw. Betonbauteilen und Bauwerken f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen. Eine geschlossene Beschreibung und Behandlung dieser Reaktion ist nicht m{\"o}glich, solange keine befriedigende Kenntnis {\"u}ber den Ablauf der einzelnen Schritte vorliegt. Dazu bedarf es grunds{\"a}tzlicher Untersuchungen der einzelnen chemischen und physikalischen Reaktionsschritte sowie einer m{\"o}glichst quantitativen Bewertung der verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren. Grunds{\"a}tzlich gibt es weltweit eine ganze Reihe von Richtlinien und Normen , die dazu verhelfen sollen, Sch{\"a}digungen an Bauwerken durch AKR zu verhindern. In Deutschland ist das momentan g{\"u}ltige Regelwerk die sogenannte Alkali-Richtlinie des deutschen Ausschusses f{\"u}r Stahlbeton (DAfStb). Sie dient zur Beurteilung von Zuschlag nach DIN 4226 [6, 7, 8] mit alkaliempfindlichen Bestandteilen. Dabei bezieht sich der Teil 2 der Richtlinie auf Zuschl{\"a}ge mit Opalsandstein, Kieselkreide und Flint aus bestimmten Gewinnungsgebieten. Hier wird eine reine Zuschlagpr{\"u}fung gefordert. Teil 3 der Richtlinie bezieht sich auf pr{\"a}kambrische Grauwacken und andere alkaliempfindliche Gesteine. Gefordert werden hier Pr{\"u}fungen der Zuschl{\"a}ge selbst sowie Pr{\"u}fung an Betonbalken und 30er W{\"u}rfeln in der Nebelkammer. F{\"u}r die meisten in der Richtlinie genannten Zuschl{\"a}ge bilden die Pr{\"u}fungen und Vorschriften eine ausreichende Sicherheit, um eine AKR zu vermeiden. Dennoch treten immer wieder Sch{\"a}den mit Zuschl{\"a}gen auf, die nach der Alkali-Richtlinie als unempfindlich eingestuft werden m{\"u}ssten. Dabei handelt es sich in der Regel um Schadensf{\"a}lle, die erst nach mehreren Jahren mit sp{\"a}t reagierenden AKR-empfindlichen Zuschl{\"a}gen auftreten. Zu diesen Zuschl{\"a}gen, die gegebenenfalls speziell im Nebelkammertest innerhalb von neun Monaten keine signifikante Dehnung (<0,6mm/m) aufweisen, geh{\"o}ren Stressquarze, Kieselkalk, Granit, Porphyr, Kieselschiefer und Grauwacke. Die vorliegende Arbeit dient speziell der Beurteilung und Einordnung von unterschiedlichen kristallinen Quarzmodifikationen sowie der Ermittlung geeigneter Untersuchungsmethoden f{\"u}r die Beurteilung der AKR-Empfindlichkeit von Quarz.},
  subject      = {Quarz},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{SwaddiwudhipongThoLiu2004,
  author    = {Swaddiwudhipong, Somsak and Tho, Kee Kiat and Liu, Zishun},
  title     = {Material characterization using artificial neural network},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.155},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1550},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Indentation experiments have been carried out over the past century to determine hardness of materials. Modern indentation machines have the capability to continuously monitor load and displacement to high precision and accuracy. In recent years, research interests have focussed on methods to extract material properties from indentation load-displacement curves. Analytical methods to interpret the indentation load-displacement curves are difficult to formulate due to material and geometric nonlinearities as well as complex contact interactions. In the present study, an artificial neural network model was constructed for interpretation of indentation load-displacement curves. Large strain-large deformation finite element analyses were first carried out to simulate indentation experiments. The data from finite element analyses were then used to train the artificial neural network model. The artificial neural network model was able to accurately determine the material properties when presented with load-displacement curves which were not used in the training process. The proposed artificial neural network model is robust and directly relates the characteristics of the indentation loaddisplacement curve to the elasto-plastic material properties.},
  subject      = {Neuronales Netz},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wagner2004,
  author    = {Wagner, Sebastian},
  title     = {MANFRED LEHMBRUCK - Ein Architekt der Moderne},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.739},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060313-7773},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Diese erste umfassende Monographie {\"u}ber den Architekten, Professor und Museumsmann Manfred Lehmbruck (Paris 1913 - Stuttgart 1992) konzentriert sich neben dem Lebensweg und den theoretischen Arbeiten Lehmbrucks zum Museumsbau auf die drei realisierten Museumsbauten: das Reuchlinhaus Pforzheim, das Wilhelm-Lehmbruck-Museum Duisburg und das Federseemuseum Bad Buchau. Aber auch die drei anderen bedeutenden Geb{\"a}udeensembles, die Pausa AG M{\"o}ssingen, die Berufsschule und das Stadtbad Stuttgart-Feuerbach und der Solit{\"a}r der Mittelschule in M{\"o}ssingen, alle fertiggestellt in den Sechziger Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts, werden ausf{\"u}hrlich besprochen. Das umfassende Werkverzeichnis im Anhang zeigt deutlich den Einfluß, den seine Lehrer, allen voran Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, aber auch Heinrich Tessenow, Paul Bonatz und Auguste Perret, auf die Architektursprache Lehmbrucks gehabt haben.},
  subject      = {Architekturwettbewerb},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{MilesCenTaylor2004,
  author    = {Miles, John and Cen, Mei and Taylor, Mark},
  title     = {Linking Sketching and Constraint Checking for Early Conceptual Design},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1548},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1547},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {At the start of the conceptual design process, designers start to give tangible form to their thoughts by sketching. This helps with reasoning and communicates ideas to other members of the team. Sketches are gradually worked up into more formal drawings which are then passed to the other stages of the design process. There are however some problems with basing early ideas on sketching. For example, due to their ad-hoc nature, sketches tend only to be diagrammatic representations and so designers cannot be sure that their ideas are feasible and what is being proposed meets the constraints described in the client brief. This can result in designers wasting time working up ideas which prove to be unsuitable. Also the process of constraint checking is complex and time consuming and so designers tend limit their search of possible options and instead choose satisfying rather than good solutions. This paper describes the INTEGRA project which examines the role of sketching in early conceptual design and how this can be linked to other aspects of the process and particularly automated constraint checking using an IT based approach. The focus for the work is the design of framed buildings. A multi-disciplinary approach has been adopted and the work has been undertaken in close collaboration with practising designers and clients.},
  subject      = {Konzipieren <Technik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GalffyWellmannJelicHartmann2004,
  author    = {Galffy, Mozes and Wellmann Jelic, Andres and Hartmann, Dietrich},
  title     = {Lifetime-oriented modelling of vortex-induced across-wind vibrations on bridge tie rods},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.253},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2536},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The influence of vortex-induces vibrations on vertical tie rods has been proved as a determinant load factor in the lifetime-oriented dimensioning of arched steel bridges. Particularly, the welded connection plates between the suspenders and the arches often exhibit cracks induced primarily rods. In this context, the synchronization of the vortex-shedding to the rod motion in a critical wind velocity range, the so-called lock-in effect, is of essential interest.},
  subject      = {Finite-Elemente-Methode},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ZwoelferThomasSchinketal.2004,
  author    = {Zw{\"o}lfer, Michael and Thomas, Peter and Schink, Claus-J{\"u}rgen and Koch, Volker},
  title     = {Life cycle optimized system solutions for densified housing with massive wood technology},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.98},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-980},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The objective of the joint project 'Life cycle optimised system solutions for densified housing with massive wood technology', short form Basys, was the development and application of an open building system for sustainable construction in a virtual enterprise. Four partners coming from building economy and a university institute developed the building system in a comprehensive planning process. By applying massive wood technology, most requirements of densified housing can be met and individual buildings can be produced on demand.},
  subject      = {Lebenszyklus <Wirtschaft>},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ScheerGama2004,
  author    = {Scheer, Sergio and Gama, Carmen L{\´u}cia G.},
  title     = {Learning objects for a teaching and learning network in structural engineering : Developing learning objects for a structural engineering educational network},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.85},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-856},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Information and Communication Technologies (ITC) in education have been extensively discussed nowadays. In this e-learning scenario, the construction and use of environments that support teaching and learning is a reality. Therefore, for time and general resource savings it is crucial the access to hypermedia contents with great interactivity and with high reusability. Substantial efforts have been centered in the search for a metadata proposal (metadata is a generic term used to describe data that can be used to identify and to describe common characteristics among different documents) that can be standardized and is system independent for the so called learning objects.},
  subject      = {Bautechnik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KashiyamaHamadaTaniguchi2004,
  author    = {Kashiyama, Kazuo and Hamada, Hidetaka and Taniguchi, Takeo},
  title     = {Large Scale Finite Element Simulation and Modeling Using GIS/CAD for Environmental Flows in Urban Area},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.267},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2675},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A large-scale computer modeling and simulation method is presented for environmental flows in urban area. Several GIS and CAD data were used for the preparation of shape model and an automatic mesh generation method based on Delaunay method was developed. Parallel finite element method based on domain decomposition method was employed for the numerical simulation of natural phenomena. The present method was applied to the simulation of flood flow and wind flow in urban area. The present method is shown to be a useful planning and design tool for the natural disasters and the change of environments.},
  subject      = {Geoinformationssystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hartnack2004,
  author    = {Hartnack, Ralf},
  title     = {Langzeittragverhalten von druckbeanspruchten Bauteilen aus Holz},
  series = {Langzeittragverhalten von druckbeanspruchten Bauteilen aus Holz},
  journal   = {Langzeittragverhalten von druckbeanspruchten Bauteilen aus Holz},
  isbn      = {978-3860682548},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.643},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20050527-6732},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Das Langzeittragverhalten von St{\"u}tzen aus Holz wird entscheidend von der Gr{\"o}ße der Dauerlast und dem umgebenden Klima beeinflusst. Im Gegensatz zu Biegetr{\"a}gern haben diese Effekte auch Einfluss auf den Grenzzustand der Tragf{\"a}higkeit und sind unmittelbar Gegenstand von Sicherheitsaspekten. Der Eurocode 5 beachtet dies {\"u}berhaupt nicht, w{\"a}hrend in DIN 1052 (2004:08) Hinweise zur Bemessung gegeben sind. Da der Baustoff Holz infolge seines Wuchscharakters stark streuende Materialparameter aufweist, ist es kaum m{\"o}glich, Experimente in ausreichendem Umfang durchzuf{\"u}hren. Gegen eine solche experimentelle Untersuchung sprechen auch die zu erwartenden hohen Kosten sowie die langandauernden Versuche unter Klimabeanspruchung. Aus diesem Grund wird auf virtuelle Versuche mit Hilfe des Computerprogramms ISOBEAM zur{\"u}ckgegriffen. Dazu sind allerdings abgesicherte Materialmodelle wichtig, die hier an Experimenten mit Klein- und Kleinstproben sowie mit Versuchk{\"o}rpern baupraktisch relevanter Abmessungen angepasst wurden. Mit diesem verifizierten Modell war es m{\"o}glich, gezielt Parameterstudien durchzuf{\"u}hren. Der Einfluss der Einbauholzfeuchte auf das hygrothermische Langzeittragverhalten wurde genauso untersucht wie der der Nutzungsklasse und der Querschnittsabmessungen. Die Ergebnisse der virtuellen Versuche dienten zum einen der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Vorgehensweise nach DIN 1052 (2004:08) und zum anderen zur Anpassung neuer Vorschl{\"a}ge zur Bemessung. Es wurde Wert darauf gelegt, dass sich die Vorschl{\"a}ge neuer Bemessungskonzepte an die bestehenden normativen Bemessungsregeln anlehnen. Zum einen wurde das Bemessungsverfahren nach Theorie II. Ordnung um eine weitere Ausmitte zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Kriechens erg{\"a}nzt, zum anderen wurde beim Ersatzstabverfahren der Beiwert entsprechend modifiziert. Alternativ ist es m{\"o}glich, den Modifikationsbeiwert neu an die virtuellen Versuchsergebnisse anzupassen. Die Einbauholzfeuchte wurde ebenfalls {\"u}ber einen zus{\"a}tzlichen Modifikationsfaktor ber{\"u}cksichtigt.},
  subject      = {Kriechen},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PalaneeswaranKumaraswamyNg2004,
  author    = {Palaneeswaran, Ekambaram and Kumaraswamy, Mohan and Ng, Thomas},
  title     = {Knowledge Management for Small and Medium Contractors},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.258},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2582},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Effective knowledge management is increasingly considered as a cornerstone of sustainable business success. Knowledge management systems are strategically valuable for both ensuring consistency and continuous improvement of various aspects such as quality delivery, productivity and competitiveness. The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry are mostly operating under tighter timeframes, narrower profit margins and more constrained resources. Hence the recently commenced SMILE-SMC (Strategic Management with Information Leveraged Excellece for Small and Medium Contractors) project aims to support the information and knowledge management needs of the small and medium contractors in Hong Kong. This paper presents some snapshots on the SMILE-SMC project, and its conceptualized deliverables with some highlights of recent developments.},
  subject      = {Wissensmanagement},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchnellenbachHeldHartmann2004,
  author    = {Schnellenbach-Held, Martina and Hartmann, Markus},
  title     = {Knowledge Based Systems in Distributed Desgin Environments},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.210},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2106},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Today's building industry not only demands more and more reduced construction time on building site, but also an advanced and mostly construction attendant design phase. Even though there is software available to support design processes in distributed environments, most applications only support simple document based exchange of information. In this paper a knowledge based system is presented to support cooperative, comprehensive design processes in distributed environments. The presented research project is financially supported by the German Research Community (DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Zaneldin2004,
  author    = {Zaneldin, Essam},
  title     = {Investigate the Impact of Different Resource Allocation Strategies on the Design of Building Projects Using Simulation},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.165},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1658},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The design of building projects involves several types of resources such as architects, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and draftsmen, among others. For design firms to stay in business in this very competitive market, they need to manage their resources in a way that improves productivity and cost effectiveness. This task, however, is not simple and requires thorough analysis of process-level operations, resource use, and productivity. Typically, these operational aspects are the responsibility of the design office manager who assigns available resources to the different design projects to save time and lower design expenses. It is noted that limited studies have been carried out in the literature to model overall organizational operations and behavioral aspects, particularly in firms specialized in the design of building projects. In an effort to simplify the modeling process, a simplified modeling and simulation tool is used in this research. A simulation model representing an actual design office was developed assuming that the office performs designs for small, medium, and large size building projects. The developed model was used to simulate several alternatives and examine various resource assignment strategies. The simulation was conducted over ten years and the resulting productivity and income was measured.},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PengLawLau2004,
  author    = {Peng, Jun and Law, Kincho and Lau, Gloria},
  title     = {Internet-Enabled Software Model for Nonlinear Structural Analysis and Simulations},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.105},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1057},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper describes an Internet-enabled software model that could facilitate the development and utilization of nonlinear structural analysis programs. The software model allows users easy access to the analysis core program and the analysis results by using a web-browser or other application programs. In addition, new and legacy codes can be incorporated as distributed services and be integrated with the software framework from disparate sites. A distributed project management system, taking advantages of Internet and database technologies, is implemented to store and manage model information and simulation results. Nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulations of a bridge structure is performed to illustrate the facilities of the Internet-enabled software model.},
  subject      = {Konzipieren <Technik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RueppelKlauer2004,
  author    = {Rueppel, Uwe and Klauer, Thomas},
  title     = {Internet-based Workflow-Management for Civil Engineering Projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.164},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1647},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The growing competition pressure in the building industry increases the demands on the design and construction processes in respect to economical, technical and time aspects. These demands require efficient improvements of the value-added chain, which can be realized mainly with the usage of innovative information- and communication-technologies. To support the collaboration of all participants involved in a certain building project the Workflow-Management-System "BauKom-Online" has been developed. In the focus of the system is to support the coordination of the participants and their information exchange. Such a software-method is well suited to ensure a high quality planning process. The modelling of business-processes enables a better self-comprehension of the participants work and helps to enhance the project performance. The system architecture of BauKom-Online contains two basic components: the processmodelling tool and the workflow-engine. The process-model contains of activities and states of the planning and construction processes and their relations. These connected processes compose the workflow. Such a process-model for engineering purposes has to satisfy several needs, e.g., the consideration of planning and building alternatives, dynamic changes of the model during execution of the project and the linkage to further technical objects like costs, building structure, specifications and documentmanagement. Furthermore, the scheduling of the project can be done within the process-model and can be visualized as a Gantt-diagram. ...},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}