@article{BielikSchneiderKuligaetal., author = {Bielik, Martin and Schneider, Sven and Kuliga, Saskia and Griego, Danielle and Ojha, Varun and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schmitt, Gerhard and Donath, Dirk}, title = {Examining Trade-Offs between Social, Psychological, and Energy Potential of Urban Form}, series = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}, volume = {2019}, journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}, editor = {Resch, Bernd and Szell, Michael}, doi = {10.3390/ijgi8020052}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20190408-38695}, abstract = {Urban planners are often challenged with the task of developing design solutions which must meet multiple, and often contradictory, criteria. In this paper, we investigated the trade-offs between social, psychological, and energy potential of the fundamental elements of urban form: the street network and the building massing. Since formal mehods to evaluate urban form from the psychological and social point of view are not readily available, we developed a methodological framework to quantify these criteria as the first contribution in this paper. To evaluate the psychological potential, we conducted a three-tiered empirical study starting from real world environments and then abstracting them to virtual environments. In each context, the implicit (physiological) response and explicit (subjective) response of pedestrians were measured. To quantify the social potential, we developed a street network centrality-based measure of social accessibility. For the energy potential, we created an energy model to analyze the impact of pure geometric form on the energy demand of the building stock. The second contribution of this work is a method to identify distinct clusters of urban form and, for each, explore the trade-offs between the select design criteria. We applied this method to two case studies identifying nine types of urban form and their respective potential trade-offs, which are directly applicable for the assessment of strategic decisions regarding urban form during the early planning stages.}, subject = {Planung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ChirkinKoenig, author = {Chirkin, Artem and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {Concept of Interactive Machine Learning in Urban Design Problems : proceedings}, publisher = {ACM New York, NY, USA}, address = {San Jose, CA, USA}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2600}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26000}, pages = {10 -- 13}, abstract = {This work presents a concept of interactive machine learning in a human design process. An urban design problem is viewed as a multiple-criteria optimization problem. The outlined feature of an urban design problem is the dependence of a design goal on a context of the problem. We model the design goal as a randomized fitness measure that depends on the context. In terms of multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), the defined measure corresponds to a subjective expected utility of a user. In the first stage of the proposed approach we let the algorithm explore a design space using clustering techniques. The second stage is an interactive design loop; the user makes a proposal, then the program optimizes it, gets the user's feedback and returns back the control over the application interface.}, subject = {Stadtgestaltung}, language = {en} } @article{KleinKoenig, author = {Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {Computational Urban Planning: Using the Value Lab as Control Center}, series = {FCL Magazine, Special Issue Simulation Platform}, journal = {FCL Magazine, Special Issue Simulation Platform}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2601}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26011}, pages = {38 -- 45}, abstract = {Urban planning involves many aspects and various disciplines, demanding an asynchronous planning approach. The level of complexity rises with each aspect to be considered and makes it difficult to find universally satisfactory solutions. To improve this situation we propose a new approach, which complement traditional design methods with a computational urban plan- ning method that can fulfil formalizable design requirements automatically. Based on this approach we present a design space exploration framework for complex urban planning projects. For a better understanding of the idea of design space exploration, we introduce the concept of a digital scout which guides planners through the design space and assists them in their creative explorations. The scout can support planners during manual design by informing them about potential im- pacts or by suggesting different solutions that fulfill predefined quality requirements. The planner can change flexibly between a manually controlled and a completely automated design process. The developed system is presented using an exemplary urban planning scenario on two levels from the street layout to the placement of building volumes. Based on Self-Organizing Maps we implemented a method which makes it possible to visualize the multi-dimensional solution space in an easily analysable and comprehensible form.}, subject = {Stadtgestaltung}, language = {en} } @article{TreyerKleinKoenigetal., author = {Treyer, Lukas and Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Meixner, Christine}, title = {Lightweight Urban Computation Interchange (LUCI): A System to Couple Heterogenous Simulations and Views}, series = {Spatial Information Research}, journal = {Spatial Information Research}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2603}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26037}, pages = {1 -- 12}, abstract = {In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases, that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenigSchmitt, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schmitt, Gerhard}, title = {Backcasting and a new way of command in computational design : Proceedings}, series = {CAADence in Architecture Conference}, booktitle = {CAADence in Architecture Conference}, editor = {Szoboszlai, Mih{\´a}ly}, address = {Budapest}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-25996}, pages = {15 -- 25}, abstract = {It's not uncommon that analysis and simulation methods are used mainly to evaluate finished designs and to proof their quality. Whereas the potential of such methods is to lead or control a design process from the beginning on. Therefore, we introduce a design method that move away from a "what-if" forecasting philosophy and increase the focus on backcasting approaches. We use the power of computation by combining sophisticated methods to generate design with analysis methods to close the gap between analysis and synthesis of designs. For the development of a future-oriented computational design support we need to be aware of the human designer's role. A productive combination of the excellence of human cognition with the power of modern computing technology is needed. We call this approach "cognitive design computing". The computational part aim to mimic the way a designer's brain works by combining state-of-the-art optimization and machine learning approaches with available simulation methods. The cognition part respects the complex nature of design problems by the provision of models for human-computation interaction. This means that a design problem is distributed between computer and designer. In the context of the conference slogan "back to command", we ask how we may imagine the command over a cognitive design computing system. We expect that designers will need to let go control of some parts of the design process to machines, but in exchange they will get a new powerful command on complex computing processes. This means that designers have to explore the potentials of their role as commanders of partially automated design processes. In this contribution we describe an approach for the development of a future cognitive design computing system with the focus on urban design issues. The aim of this system is to enable an urban planner to treat a planning problem as a backcasting problem by defining what performance a design solution should achieve and to automatically query or generate a set of best possible solutions. This kind of computational planning process offers proof that the designer meets the original explicitly defined design requirements. A key way in which digital tools can support designers is by generating design proposals. Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization methods allow us to explore a multi-dimensional design space and provide a basis for the designer to evaluate contradicting requirements: a task urban planners are faced with frequently. We also reflect why designers will give more and more control to machines. Therefore, we investigate first approaches learn how designers use computational design support systems in combination with manual design strategies to deal with urban design problems by employing machine learning methods. By observing how designers work, it is possible to derive more complex artificial solution strategies that can help computers make better suggestions in the future.}, subject = {CAD}, language = {en} } @article{XinHijaziKoenigetal., author = {Xin, Li and Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Lv, Zhihan and Zhong, Chen and Schmitt, Gerhard}, title = {Assessing Essential Qualities of Urban Space with Emotional and Visual Data Based on GIS Technique}, series = {ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION}, journal = {ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION}, doi = {10.3390/ijgi5110218}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170401-30995}, abstract = {Finding a method to evaluate people's emotional responses to urban spaces in a valid and objective way is fundamentally important for urban design practices and related policy making. Analysis of the essential qualities of urban space could be made both more effective and more accurate using innovative information techniques that have become available in the era of big data. This study introduces an integrated method based on geographical information systems (GIS) and an emotion-tracking technique to quantify the relationship between people's emotional responses and urban space. This method can evaluate the degree to which people's emotional responses are influenced by multiple urban characteristics such as building shapes and textures, isovist parameters, visual entropy, and visual fractals. The results indicate that urban spaces may influence people's emotional responses through both spatial sequence arrangements and shifting scenario sequences. Emotional data were collected with body sensors and GPS devices. Spatial clustering was detected to target effective sampling locations; then, isovists were generated to extract building textures. Logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to determine the key isovist parameters and the probabilities that they influenced people's emotion. Finally, based on the results, we make some suggestions for design professionals in the field of urban space optimization.}, subject = {Stadt}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenigVaroudis, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Varoudis, Tasos}, title = {Spatial Optimizations: Merging depthmapX , spatial graph networks and evolutionary design in Grasshopper}, series = {Proceedings of ecaade 34: Complexity \& Simplicity}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ecaade 34: Complexity \& Simplicity}, address = {Oulu, Finland}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2604}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26040}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {In the Space Syntax community, the standard tool for computing all kinds of spatial graph network measures is depthmapX (Turner, 2004; Varoudis, 2012). The process of evaluating many design variants of networks is relatively complicated, since they need to be drawn in a separated CAD system, exported and imported in depthmapX via dxf file format. This procedure disables a continuous integration into a design process. Furthermore, the standalone character of depthmapX makes it impossible to use its network centrality calculation for optimization processes. To overcome this limitations, we present in this paper the first steps of experimenting with a Grasshopper component (reference omitted until final version) that can access the functions of depthmapX and integrate them into Grasshopper/Rhino3D. Here the component is implemented in a way that it can be used directly for an evolutionary algorithm (EA) implemented in a Python scripting component in Grasshopper}, language = {en} } @article{HijaziKoenigSchneideretal., author = {Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schneider, Sven and Li, Xin and Bielik, Martin and Schmitt, Gerhard and Donath, Dirk}, title = {Geostatistical Analysis for the Study of Relationships between the Emotional Responses of Urban Walkers to Urban Spaces}, series = {International Journal of E-Planning Research}, journal = {International Journal of E-Planning Research}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2602}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26025}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {The described study aims to find correlations between urban spatial configurations and human emotions. To this end, the authors measured people's emotions while they walk along a path in an urban area using an instrument that measures skin conductance and skin temperature. The corresponding locations of the test persons were measured recorded by using a GPS-tracker (n=13). The results are interpreted and categorized as measures for positive and negative emotional arousal. To evaluate the technical and methodological process. The test results offer initial evidence that certain spaces or spatial sequences do cause positive or negative emotional arousal while others are relatively neutral. To achieve the goal of the study, the outcome was used as a basis for the study of testing correlations between people's emotional responses and urban spatial configurations represented by Isovist properties of the urban form. By using their model the authors can explain negative emotional arousal for certain places, but they couldn't find a model to predict emotional responses for individual spatial configurations.}, subject = {Geografie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TreyerKleinKoenigetal., author = {Treyer, Lukas and Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Meixner, Christine}, title = {Lightweight urban computation interchange (LUCI) system}, series = {Proceedings}, booktitle = {Proceedings}, publisher = {FOSS4G}, address = {Seoul, South Korea}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2598}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-25982}, pages = {12}, abstract = {In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of a calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KoenigTapiasSchmitt, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Tapias, Estefania and Schmitt, Gerhard}, title = {New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation: Documentation of teaching results from the spring semester 2015}, organization = {ETH Zurich}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2505}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25052}, pages = {76}, abstract = {Documentation of teaching results from the spring semester 2015 at the chair of Information Architecture at ETH Zurich}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Koenig, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {CPlan: An Open Source Library for Computational Analysis and Synthesis}, series = {33rd eCAADe Conference}, booktitle = {33rd eCAADe Conference}, editor = {Martens, Bob and Wurzer, G, Gabriel and Grasl, Tomas and Lorenz, Wolfgang and Schaffranek, Richard}, publisher = {Vienna University of Technology}, address = {Vienna}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2503}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25037}, pages = {245 -- 250}, abstract = {Some caad packages offer additional support for the optimization of spatial configurations, but the possibilities for applying optimization are usually limited either by the complexity of the data model or by the constraints of the underlying caad system. Since we missed a system that allows to experiment with optimization techniques for the synthesis of spatial configurations, we developed a collection of methods over the past years. This collection is now combined in the presented open source library for computational planning synthesis, called CPlan. The aim of the library is to provide an easy to use programming framework with a flat learning curve for people with basic programming knowledge. It offers an extensible structure that allows to add new customized parts for various purposes. In this paper the existing functionality of the CPlan library is described.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TreyerKleinKoenigetal., author = {Treyer, Lukas and Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Meixner, Christine}, title = {Lightweight urban computation interchange (LUCI) system}, series = {FOSS4G 2015 Conference}, booktitle = {FOSS4G 2015 Conference}, publisher = {FOSS4G}, address = {Seoul, South Korea}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2504}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25042}, pages = {12}, abstract = {In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of a calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @article{Koenig, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {Urban Design Synthesis for Building Layouts : Urban Design Synthesis for Building Layouts based on Evolutionary Many-Criteria Optimization}, series = {International Journal of Architectural Computing}, journal = {International Journal of Architectural Computing}, doi = {10.1260/1478-0771.13.3-4.257}, pages = {257 -- 270}, abstract = {When working on urban planning projects there are usually multiple aspects to consider. Often these aspects are contradictory and it is not possible to choose one over the other; instead, they each need to be fulfilled as well as possible. In this situation ideal solutions are not always found because they are either not sought or the problems are regarded as being too complex for human capabilities.To improve this situation we propose complementing traditional design approaches with a design synthesis process based on evolutionary many-criteria optimization methods that can fulfill formalizable design requirements. In addition we show how self-organizing maps can be used to visualize many-dimensional solution spaces in an easily analyzable and comprehensible form.The system is presented using an urban planning scenario for the placement of building volumes.}, subject = {Design synthesis}, language = {en} } @article{Koenig, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {Interview on Information Architecture}, series = {Swiss Architecture in the Moving Image}, journal = {Swiss Architecture in the Moving Image}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2507}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180422-25078}, pages = {151 -- 154}, abstract = {Interview on Information Architecture}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HijaziHusseinKoenig, author = {Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and Hussein, M. H. and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {Enabling geo-design: Evaluating the capacity of 3D city model to support thermal design in building}, series = {9th 3DGeoInfo Conference}, booktitle = {9th 3DGeoInfo Conference}, address = {Dubai, UAE}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2508}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25089}, pages = {4}, abstract = {Enabling geo-design: Evaluating the capacity of 3D city model to support thermal design in building}, subject = {Informatik}, language = {en} } @techreport{KoenigTapiasSchmitt, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Tapias, Estefania and Schmitt, Gerhard}, title = {New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation: Documentation of the teaching results from the spring semester 2014}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2515}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25154}, pages = {62}, abstract = {Documentation of the teaching results from the spring semester 2014 at ETH Zurich}, subject = {St{\"a}dtebau}, language = {en} } @techreport{KoenigTapiasKoenig, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Tapias, Estefania and K{\"o}nig, Gerhard}, title = {Digital Urban Simulation: Documentation of the teaching results from the fall semester 2014}, organization = {ETH Zurich}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2512}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25125}, pages = {102}, abstract = {Documentation of the teaching results from the fall semester 2014}, subject = {St{\"a}dtebau}, language = {en} } @article{KoenigStandfestSchmitt, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Standfest, Matthias and Schmitt, Gerhard}, title = {Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization for building layout planning: Exemplary application based on the PSSA framework}, series = {32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2}, journal = {32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2}, editor = {Thompson, Emine Mine}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2513}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25139}, pages = {567 -- 574}, abstract = {When working on urban planning projects there are usually multiple aspects to consider. Often these aspects are contradictory and it is not possible to choose one over the other; instead, they each need to be fulfilled as well as possible. Planners typically draw on past experience when subjectively prioritising which aspects to consider with which degree of importance for their planning concepts. This practice, although understandable, places power and authority in the hands of people who have varying degrees of expertise, which means that the best possible solution is not always found, because it is either not sought or the problem is regarded as being too complex for human capabilities. To improve this situation, the project presented here shows the potential of multi-criteria optimisation algorithms using the example of a new housing layout for an urban block. In addition it is shown, how Self-Organizing-Maps can be used to visualise multi-dimensional solution spaces in an easy analysable and comprehensible form.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @article{KoenigKnecht, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Knecht, Katja}, title = {Comparing two evolutionary algorithm based methods for layout generation: Dense packing versus subdivision}, series = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing}, pages = {285 -- 299}, abstract = {We present and compare two evolutionary algorithm based methods for rectangular architectural layout generation: dense packing and subdivision algorithms.We analyze the characteristics of the two methods on the basis of three floor plan sce- narios. Our analyses include the speed with which solutions are generated, the reliability with which optimal solutions can be found, and the number of different solutions that can be found overall. In a following step, we discuss the methods with respect to their different user interaction capabilities. In addition, we show that each method has the capability to generate more complex L-shaped layouts. Finally,we conclude that neither of the methods is superior but that each of them is suitable for use in distinct application scenarios because of its different properties.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenigSchneiderHijazietal., author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schneider, Sven and Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and Li, Xin and Bielik, Martin and Schmitt, Gerhard and Donath, Dirk}, title = {Using geo statistical analysis to detect similarities in emotional responses of urban walkers to urban space}, series = {Sixth International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition (DCC14)}, booktitle = {Sixth International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition (DCC14)}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2514}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25146}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Using geo statistical analysis to detect similarities in emotional responses of urban walkers to urban space}, subject = {St{\"a}dtebau}, language = {en} }