@article{WillenbacherHuebler2004, author = {Willenbacher, Heiko and H{\"u}bler, Reinhard}, title = {Intelligent Link-Management for the Support of Integration in Building Life Cycle}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2223}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The processes in the life cycle of buildings are characterised by highly distinct teamwork. The integration of all the distributed working participants, by providing an environment, which especially supports the communication and collaboration between the actors, is a fundamental step to improve the efficiency of the involved processes and to reduce the total costs. In this article, a link based modelling approach and its "intelligent" link management is introduced (1). This approach realises an integration environment based on a special building model that acts as a decision support system. The link-based modelling is characterised by the definition and specialisation of links between partial models. These intelligent managed links enable a very flexible and task specific data access and exchange between all the different views and partial models of the participants.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MilesCenTaylor2004, author = {Miles, John and Cen, Mei and Taylor, Mark}, title = {Linking Sketching and Constraint Checking for Early Conceptual Design}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1548}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1547}, year = {2004}, abstract = {At the start of the conceptual design process, designers start to give tangible form to their thoughts by sketching. This helps with reasoning and communicates ideas to other members of the team. Sketches are gradually worked up into more formal drawings which are then passed to the other stages of the design process. There are however some problems with basing early ideas on sketching. For example, due to their ad-hoc nature, sketches tend only to be diagrammatic representations and so designers cannot be sure that their ideas are feasible and what is being proposed meets the constraints described in the client brief. This can result in designers wasting time working up ideas which prove to be unsuitable. Also the process of constraint checking is complex and time consuming and so designers tend limit their search of possible options and instead choose satisfying rather than good solutions. This paper describes the INTEGRA project which examines the role of sketching in early conceptual design and how this can be linked to other aspects of the process and particularly automated constraint checking using an IT based approach. The focus for the work is the design of framed buildings. A multi-disciplinary approach has been adopted and the work has been undertaken in close collaboration with practising designers and clients.}, subject = {Konzipieren }, language = {en} } @article{MotawaAnumbaElHamalawi2004, author = {Motawa, Ibrahim and Anumba, Chimay and El-Hamalawi, A.}, title = {Development of a Fuzzy System for Change Prediction in Construction Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.218}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2180}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Change management has been the focus of different IT systems. These IT systems were developed to represent design information, record design rationale, facilitate design coordination and changes. They are largely based on managing reactive changes, particularly design changes, in which changes are recorded and then propagated to the relevant project members. However, proactive changes are hardly dealt with in IT systems. Proactive changes require estimating the likelihood of occurrence of a change event as well as estimating the degree of change impacts on project parameters. Changes in construction projects often result from the uncertainty associated with the imprecise and vague knowledge of much project information at the early stages of projects. This is a major outcome of the case studies carried out as part of this research. Therefore, the proposed model considers that incomplete knowledge and certain project characteristics are always behind change causes. For proactive changes, predicting a change event is the main task for modelling. The prediction model should strive to integrate these main elements: 1) project characteristics that lead to change 2) causes of change, 3) the likelihood of change occurrence, and 4) the change consequences. It should also define the dependency relationships between these elements. However, limited data (documented) are only available from previous projects for change cases and many of the above elements can only be expressed in linguistic terms. This means that the model will simulate the uncertainty and subjectivity associated with these sets of elements. Therefore, a fuzzy model is proposed in this research to capture these elements. The model analyses the impact of each set of elements on the other by assigning fuzzy values for these elements that express the uncertainty and subjectivity of their impact. The main aim is to predict change events and evaluate change effects on project parameters. The fuzzy model described above was developed in an IT system for operational purposes and was designed as a Java package of components with their supporting classes, beans, and files. This paper describes the development and the architecture of the proposed IT system to achieve these requirements. The system is intended to help project teams in dealing with change causes and then the change consequences in construction projects.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MilesJoitaBurnap2004, author = {Miles, John and Joita, Liviu and Burnap, Peter}, title = {Collaborative Engineering: Virtual Teams in a Grid Environment Supporting Consortia in the Construction Industry}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.136}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1362}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In the AEC (Architecture / Engineering / Construction) industry a number of individuals and organisations collaborate and work jointly on a construction project. The resulting consortium has large pool of expertise and experience and can be defined as a Virtual Organisation (VO) formed for the duration of the project. VOs are electronically networked organisations where IT and web based communication technology play an important role in coordinating various activities of these organisations. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of a Grid enabled application called the Product Supplier Catalogue Database (PSCD) which supports collaborative working in consortia. As part of the Grid-enabling process, specialised metadata is being developed to enable PSCD to effectively utilise Grid middleware such as Globus and Java CoG toolkits. We also describe our experience whilst designing, developing and deploying the security service of the application using the Globus Security Interface (GSI).}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Palm2004, author = {Palm, Johan}, title = {Integrated Engineering Workflow focused on the Structural Engineering in the Industrial Environment}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.162}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1625}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The engineering and construction industry has been slow to exploit the full potential of information technology. The industry is highly fragmented, price sensitive, risk-adverse, and profit margins are small. Each project is unique with a small amount of technological innovation opportunities to capitalise on from one project to the next. Technological innovations that have been taking place are just simulating the old traditional paper workflow. Engineering information in digital form is being conveyed using traditional paper representations, which have to be interpreted by humans before the information can be used in other applications, thereby creating 'islands of information'. It can be seen that poorly implemented IT strategies are duplicating paperwork, rather than reducing or eliminating it (Crowley et al., 2000). This paper will introduce the Integrated Engineering Workflow (IEW) concept to re-organise a structural discipline working on multi-disciplinary projects so as to maximise the advantages offered by new information technology.}, subject = {Baubetrieb}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Olivier2004, author = {Olivier, A. H.}, title = {An application-centred framework for distributed engineering applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.135}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1353}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The conceptual structure of an application that can support the structural analysis task in a distributed collaboratory is described in (van Rooyen and Olivier 2004). The application described there has a standalone component for executing the finite element method on a local workstation in the absence of network access. This application is comparable to current, local workstation based finite element packages. However, it differs fundamentally from standard packages since the application itself, and its objects, are adapted to support distributed execution of the analysis task. Basic aspects of an object-oriented framework for the development of applications which can be used in similar distributed collaboratories are described in this paper. An important feature of this framework is its application-centred design. This means that an application can contain any number of engineering models, where the models are formed by the collection of objects according to semantic views within the application. This is achieved through very flexible classes Application and Model, which are described in detail. The advantages of the application-centred design approach is demonstrated with reference to the design of steel structures, where the finite element analysis model, member design model and connection design model interact to provide the required functionality.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @article{YabukiYoshimura2004, author = {Yabuki, Nobuyoshi and Yoshimura, Yutaka}, title = {An Evaluation System for Steel Structures of Hydroelectric Power Stations based on Fault Tree Analysis and Performance Maps}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.256}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2564}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents an evaluation system for steel structures of hydroelectric power stations, including hydraulic gates and penstocks, based on Fault Tree Analyasis (FTA) and performance maps. This system consists of fault tree diagrams of FTA, performance maps, design and analysis systems, and engineerin databases. These four modules are integrated by appropriate hyperlinks so that the user of this system can use it easily and seamlessly. A well developed system was applied to some illustrative example cases, and they showed that the developed methodology and system worked well and the users found the system useful and effective for their maintenance tasks at powerstations.}, subject = {Wissensmanagement}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CheungNoruziaanLi2004, author = {Cheung, Moe M. S. and Noruziaan, Bahman and Li, W. C.}, title = {Data acquisition, processing and management systems for a Canadian bridge monitoring project}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.123}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1235}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper will present a number of technical aspects for one of the most elaborate instrumentation and data acquisition projects ever undertaken in Canada. Confederation Bridge, the longest bridge built over ice covered seawater has been equipped with the state of the art data acquistition devices and systems as well as data transfer networks. The Bridge has been providing a fixed surface connection between Prince Edward Island and Province of New Brunswick in Canada since its opening in 1997. The Bridge has a rather long design service life of 100 years. Because of its large size and long span length, its design is not covered by any existing codes or standards worldwide. The focus of the paper is to introduce the data acquisition, transfer, processing and management systems. The instrumentation and communications infrastructure and devices will be presented in some details along with the data processing and management systems and techniques. Teams of engineers and researchers use the collected data to verify the analysis and design assumptions and parameters as well as investigate the short-term and long-term behaviour and health of the Bridge. The collected data are also used in furthering research activities in the field of bridge engineering and in elevating our knowledge about behaviour, reliability and durability of such complex structures, their components and materials.}, subject = {Bauwerk}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ChouHsieh2004, author = {Chou, Yu-Hur and Hsieh, Shang-Hsien}, title = {Design of Partial Scoring Assessment System for Reinforcement Concrete Design Course : Development of Partial Scoring Assessment System for Reinforcement Concrete Design Course}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.90}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-905}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In the field of Civil Engineering, the content of reinforcement concrete design course (RC course) has complicated design procedures and many difficult specifications to recognize, so most of the students regard the RC course a tough course, and teachers very often find the class time insufficient. Also, teachers of the RC course usually spend a lot of time in organizing the examinations for handling tedious calculations and complicated logical reasoning. Furthermore, correcting examination papers with partial scoring takes even more time of the teacher's. Therefore, the objective of this research is to design and develop a partial scoring assessment system to meet the needs in engineering design courses, such as the RC course. This assessment system can generate test items with variable parameters. It also supports inference diagnosis on the examinee's misconceptions and gives partial scores in grading the examination. In this research, the example test subject is the analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beam with single layer steel bars.}, subject = {Bautechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuergyGarrett2004, author = {B{\"u}rgy, Christian and Garrett, James H.}, title = {Supporting Domain Experts in Determining Viable User Interface Designs for Wearable Computers Used in AEC Work Situations}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.116}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1168}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The design of mobile IT systems, especially the design of wearable computer systems, is a complex task that requires computer science knowledge, such as that related to hardware configuration and software development, in addition to knowledge of the domain in which the system is intended to be used. Particularly in the AEC sector, it is necessary that the support from mobile information technology fit the work situation at hand. Ideally, the domain expert alone can adjust the wearable computer system to achieve this fit without having to consult IT experts. In this paper, we describe a model that helps in transferring existing design knowledge from non-AEC domains to new projects in the construction area. The base for this is a model and a methodology that describes the usage scenarios of said computer systems in an application-neutral and domain-independent way. Thus, the actual design information and experience will be transferable between different applications and domains.}, subject = {Mobile Computing}, language = {en} } @article{KicingerArciszewskiDeJong2004, author = {Kicinger, Rafal and Arciszewski, Tomasz and De Jong, Kenneth}, title = {Distributed Evolutionary Design: Island-Model-based Optimization of Steel Skeleton Structures in Tall Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.219}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2195}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents results of a study on distributed, or parallel, evolutionary computation in the topological design of steel structural systems in tall buildings. It describes results of extensive experimental research on various parallel evolutionary architectures applied to a complex structural design problem. The experiments were conducted using Inventor 2003, a networkbased evolutionary design support tool developed at George Mason University. First, a general introduction to evolutionary computation is provided with an emphasis on recent developments in parallel evolutionary architectures. Next, a discussion of conceptual design of steel structural systems in tall buildings is presented. Further, Inventor 2003 is briefly introduced as well as its design representation and evolutionary computation characteristics. Next, the results obtained from systematic design experiments conducted with Inventor 2003 are discussed. The objective of these experiments was to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate evolution of steel structural systems in tall buildings during a distributed evolutionary design process as well as to compare efficiency and effectiveness of various parallel evolutionary architectures with the traditional evolutionary design approaches. Two connectivity topologies (ring topology and fully-connected topology) have been investigated for four populations of structural designs evolving in parallel and using various migration strategies. Also, results of the initial sensitivity studies are reported in which two ways of initializing distributed evolutionary design processes were investigated, using either arbitrarily selected designs as initial parents or randomly generated ones. Finally, initial research conclusions are presented.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BreitKuendigHaeubi2004, author = {Breit, Manfred and K{\"u}ndig, Daniel and H{\"a}ubi, Fritz}, title = {Project oriented learning environment (POLE-Europe)}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.93}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-935}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The presented work focuses on collaboration- experiences gathered with complex design and engineering projects, using the learning platform POLE- Europe. Within the POLE environment student-teams from different universities, disciplines and cultural backgrounds are assigned to real-world projects with clearly defined design - tasks, usually to be accomplished within one semester while working in a virtual environment for most of the time. The concept of POLE and the information and collaboration technology is described.}, subject = {Bautechnik}, language = {en} } @article{MilbradtSchierbaumSchwoeppe2004, author = {Milbradt, Peter and Schierbaum, Jochen and Schw{\"o}ppe, Axel}, title = {Finite Cell-Elements of Higher Order}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.252}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2524}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The method of the finite elements is an adaptable numerical procedure for interpolation as well as for the numerical approximation of solutions of partial differential equations. The basis of these procedure is the formulation of suitable finite elements and element decompositions of the solution space. Classical finite elements are based on triangles or quadrangles in the two-dimensional space and tetrahedron or hexahedron in the threedimensional space. The use of arbitrary-dimensional convex and non-convex polyhedrons as the geometrical basis of finite elements increases the flexibility of generating finite element decompositions substantially and is sometimes the only way to get a clear decomposition...}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HassanShelbournCarter2004, author = {Hassan, Tarek and Shelbourn, Mark and Carter, Chris}, title = {Collaboration in Construction: Legal and Contractual Issues in ICT Applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2007}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2005}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The construction industry is a project-based business bringing together many different organisations to complete a desired goal. The strategic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has enabled this goal to be completed more effectively. Two issues require addressing, the technology itself and the implementation factors of the technology. Such implementation factors should consider, among other factors, the legal and contractual issues associated with the use of ICT, training requirements and its effects on the organisational culture. To date the legal and contractual issues have not been extensively covered, and it is recognised that the technologies have not been properly covered by any recognised legal and contractual practices. This in turn is threatening to inhibit the growth and prosperity of the use of the technology on construction projects. This paper discusses these legal and contractual issues and describes methods and tools that can be used to enable the growth of technology to be used in a legal and contractually valid environment.}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {en} } @article{ElRayesHyari2004, author = {El-Rayes, Khaled and Hyari, Khalied}, title = {A Multi-objective Model for Optimizing Construction Planning of Repetitive Infrastructure Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.213}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2135}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents the development of a model for optimizing resource utilization in repetitive infrastructure projects. The model provides the capability of simultaneous minimization of both project duration and work interruptions for construction crews. The model provides in a single run, a set of nondominated solutions that represent the tradeoff between these two objectives. The model incorporates a multiobjective genetic algorithm and scheduling algorithm. The model initially generates a randomly selected set of solutions that evolves to a near optimal set of tradeoff solutions in subsequent generations. Each solution represents a unique scheduling solution that is associated with certain project duration and a number of interruption days for utilized construction crews. As such, the model provides project planners with alternative schedules along with their expected duration and resource utilization efficiency.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FloodIssaAbuShdid2004, author = {Flood, Ian and Issa, Raja and Abu-Shdid, Caesar}, title = {Developments in Hyper Real-Time Simulation of Transient Heat-Flow in Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.196}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1961}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper reports on the latest results in the development of a new approach for simulating the thermal behavior of buildings that overcomes the limitations of conventional heat-transfer simulation methods such as FDM and FEM. The proposed technique uses a coarse-grain approach to model development whereby each element represents a complete building component such as a wall, internal space, or floor. The thermal behavior of each coarse-grain element is captured using empirical modeling techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs). The main advantages of the approach compared to conventional simulation methods are: (a) simplified model construction for the end-user; (b) simplified model reconfiguration; (c) significantly faster simulation runs (orders of magnitude faster for two and three-dimensional models); and (d) potentially more accurate results. The paper demonstrates the viability of the approach through a number of experiments with a model of a composite wall. The approach is shown to be able to sustain highly accurate longterm simulation runs, if the coarse-grain modeling elements are implemented as ANNs. In contrast, an implementation of the coarse-grain elements using a linear model is shown to function inaccurately and erratically. The paper concludes with an identification of on-going work and future areas for development of the technique.}, subject = {Hochschulbildung}, language = {en} } @article{KaklauskasCervenkaCervenka2004, author = {Kaklauskas, Gintaris and Cervenka, Vladimir and Cervenka, Jan}, title = {Deflection Calculation of RC Beams: Finite Element Software versus Design Code Methods}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.249}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2498}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper investigates accuracy of deflection predictions made by the finite element package ATENA and design code methods ACI and EC2. Deflections have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported by three investigators. Statistical parameters have been established for each of the technique at different load levels, separately for the beams with small and moderate reinforcement ratio.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BiltchoukPahl2004, author = {Biltchouk, Irina and Pahl, Peter Jan}, title = {Interaction of Data Bases and Graphical Interfaces in Civil Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.163}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1636}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Applications for civil engineering tasks usually contain graphical user interfaces for the engineering processes. Persistent objects of the applications are stored to data bases. The influence of the interaction between a graphical user interface and a data base for the development of an civil engineering application is investigated in this paper. A graphic application for the linear elastic analysis of plane frames, which was previously developed with standard tools of the Java platform, is compared to a redesigned implementation using a generalized data base for persistent objects. The investigation leads to the following results : - A strict distinction between persistent and transient objects influences the class structure of an application, in particular the class structure of a graphical user interface. - The structure of an application depends on the logic for updating of references to persistent and transient graphical objects after an application is read from a file. - The complexity of the reference management can usually be handled better by just in time referencing associated with String - identifiers rather than by automated referencing associated with Name - identifiers.}, subject = {Baubetrieb}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TonnWolkowiczThurow2004, author = {Tonn, Christian and Wolkowicz, Christian and Thurow, Torsten}, title = {Plausibility in Architectural Design - DOMEdesign - Software Support for the formal shaping and architect-oriented design of shell structures}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.181}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1812}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Complex gridshell structures used in architecturally ambitious constructions remain as appealing as ever in the public realm. This paper describes the theory and approach behind the software realisation of a tool which helps in finding the affine self-weight geometry of gridshell structures. The software tool DOMEdesign supports the formal design process of lattice and grid shell structures based upon the laws of physics. The computer-aided simulation of suspension models is used to derive structurally favourable forms for domes and arches subject to compression load, based upon the input of simple architectonic parameters. Irregular plans, three-dimensional topography, a choice different kinds of shell lattice structures and the desired height of the dome are examples of design parameters which can be used to modify the architectural design. The provision of data export formats for structural dimensioning and visualisation software enables engineers and planners to use the data in future planning and to communicate the design to the client.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @article{KatranuschkovGehreScherer2004, author = {Katranuschkov, Peter and Gehre, Alexander and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {User Requirements Capture in Distributed Project Environments: A Process-centred Approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2029}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Efforts to define standards for representing AEC/FM data have been fairly successful. However defining a standard reference process model has not met with the same success. Yet almost every conceptual modelling or software development project starts by defining the business processes to be supported and the related requirements to be satisfied. This paper describes a new process-centred methodology for user requirements capture developed in the ICCI project (IST-2001-33022). Its essence is in recognising user requirements and use cases in the context of the real construction process, identifying the actors and roles for each individual activity and associating these activities with information, communication and standardisation requirements on the basis of a formalised specification, named the Process Matrix. In the paper we outline the history of process matrix development, introduce the basic structure of the matrix and show how it can be further extended and refined. We present also a web-based software implementation of the developed approach, describe how it has been used in ICCI and outline further perspectives.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} }