@article{SmarslyHartmannRueppeletal., author = {Smarsly, Kay and Hartmann, Timo and R{\"u}ppel, Uwe and K{\"o}nig, Markus}, title = {Positionspapier des Arbeitskreis Bauinformatik}, editor = {Smarsly, Kay}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3221}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170523-32219}, pages = {5}, abstract = {Die Bauinformatik ist eine S{\"a}ule der modernen Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften und befasst sich mit der Erforschung grundlegender informatorischer Methoden sowie mit der Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung der Informationswissenschaften im Bau- und Umweltbereich. Der Arbeitskreis Bauinformatik konstituiert sich aus Wissenschaftlern, die an Universit{\"a}ten im deutschsprachigen Raum auf dem Fachgebiet Bauinformatik lehren und forschen. Ausgehend vom erreichten Entwicklungsstand der Bauinformatik skizziert dieses Positionspapier die Aufgaben des Arbeitskreises und formuliert eine Grundlage f{\"u}r eine abgestimmte Weiterentwicklung an den deutschsprachigen Universit{\"a}ten.}, subject = {Bauinformatik}, language = {de} } @article{LikhitruangsilpIoannou2004, author = {Likhitruangsilp, Veerasak and Ioannou, Photios}, title = {Risk-sensitive Markov Decision Process for Underground Construction Planning and Estimating}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.224}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2247}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents an application of dynamic decision making under uncertainty in planning and estimating underground construction. The application of the proposed methodology is illustrated by its application to an actual tunneling project—The Hanging Lake Tunnel Project in Colorado, USA. To encompass the typical risks in underground construction, tunneling decisions are structured as a risk-sensitive Markov decision process that reflects the decision process faced by a contractor in each tunneling round. This decision process consists of five basic components: (1) decision stages (locations), (2) system states (ground classes and tunneling methods), (3) alternatives (tunneling methods), (4) ground class transition probabilities, and (5) tunneling cost structure. The paper also presents concepts related to risk preference that are necessary to model the contractor's risk attitude, including the lottery concept, utility theory, and the delta property. The optimality equation is formulated, the model components are defined, and the model is solved by stochastic dynamic programming. The main results are the optimal construction plans and risk-adjusted project costs, both of which reflect the dynamics of subsurface construction, the uncertainty about geologic variability as a function of available information, and the contractor's risk preference.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{YabukiKotaniShitani2004, author = {Yabuki, Nobuyoshi and Kotani, Jun and Shitani, Tomoaki}, title = {A Steel Bridge Design System Architecture using VR-CAD and Web Service-based Multi-Agents}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2146}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents a new design environment based on Multi-Agents and Virtual Reality (VR). In this research, a design system with a virtual reality function was developed. The virtual world was realized by using GL4Java, liquid crystal shutter glasses, sensor systems, etc. And the Multi-Agent CAD system with product models, which had been developed before, was integrated with the VR design system. A prototype system was developed for highway steel plate girder bridges, and was applied to a design problem. The application verified the effectiveness of the developed system.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{vanTreeckRank2004, author = {van Treeck, Christoph and Rank, Ernst}, title = {Analysis of building structure and topology based on Graph Theory}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.230}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2308}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Individual views on a building product of people involved in the design process imply different models for planning and calculation. In order to interpret these geometrical, topological and semantical data of a building model we identify a structural component graph, a graph of room faces, a room graph and a relational object graph as aids and we explain algorithms to derive these relations. The application of the technique presented is demonstrated by the analysis and discretization of a sample model in the scope of building energy simulation.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{WeiseKatranuschkovScherer2004, author = {Weise, Matthias and Katranuschkov, Peter and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {Generic Services for the Support of Evolving Building Model Data}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.207}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2077}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Many problems related to data integration in AEC can be better tackled by an approach that takes into account the heterogeneity of tasks, models and applications but does not require continuous consistency of the evolving design data, at each data management operation. Such an approach must incorporate adequate services that can facilitate reintegration of concurrently modified data at reasonably selected coordination points. In this paper we present a set of methods which, used in combination, can achieve that goal. After a description of the principal envisaged cooperative work scenario each of these methods is discussed in detail and current observations drawn from their software realisation are given. Whilst the suggested approach is valid for any EXPRESS-based data model, the practical focus of work has been on facilitating IFC-driven integration.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Abdalla2004, author = {Abdalla, Jamal}, title = {Elements of an Agent-based Mediative Communication Protocol for Design Objects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2207}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Integrated structural engineering system usually consists of large number of design objects that may be distributed across different platforms. These design objects need to communicate data and information among each other. For efficient communication among design objects a common communication protocol need to be defined. This paper presents the elements of a communication protocol that uses a mediator agent to facilitate communication among design objects. This protocol is termed the Mediative Communication Protocol (MCP). The protocol uses certain design communication performatives and the semantics of an Agent Communication language (ACL) mainly the Knowledge and Query Manipulation Language (KQML) to implement its steps. Details of a Mediator Agent, that will facilitate the communication among design objects, is presented. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to present the Meditative protocol and show how the mediator agent can be use to execute the steps of the meditative communication protocol. An example from structural engineering application is presented to demonstrate and validate the protocol. It is concluded that the meditative protocol is a viable protocol to facilitate object-to-object communication and also has potential to facilitate communication among the different project participants at the higher level of integrated structural engineering systems.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{GaoWuRen2004, author = {Gao, Zuoren and Wu, Weiyu and Ren, Aizhu}, title = {Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{TakagiTaniKawamura2004, author = {Takagi, Kousuke and Tani, Akinori and Kawamura, Hiroshi}, title = {Research on Intelligent Fuzzy Optimal Active and Hybrid Control Systems of Building Structures - Verification of Optimization Method on Switching Rules of Control Forces}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.223}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2238}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Recently, many reseraches on active control systems of building structures are preformed based on modern control theory and are installed real buildings. The authors have already proposed intelligent fuzzy optimal active control (IFOAC) systems. IFOAC systems imitate intelligent activities of human brains such as prediction, adaptation, decision-kaking and so on. In IFOAC systems, objective and subjective judgements on the active control can be taken into account. However, IFOAC systems are considered to be suitable for far-field erathquake and control effect becomes small in case of near-field earthqaukes which include a few velosity pules with large amplitudes. To improve control effect in case of near-souece earthquakes, the authors have also proposed hybrid control (HC) systems, in which IFOAC systems and fuzzy control system are combined. In HC systems, the fuzzy control systems are introduced as a reflective fuzzy active control (RFAC) system and imitates spinal reflection of human. In HC systems, active control forces are activated to buildings in accordance with switching rules on active control forces. In this paper, optimizations on fuzzy control rules in RFAC system and switching rules of active control forces in HC system are performed by Parameter-Free Genetic Algorithms (PfGAs). Here, the optimization is performed by using different earthquake inputs. The results of digital simulations show that the HC system can reduce maximal response displacements under restrictions on strokes of the actuator effectively in case of a near-source earthquake and the effectiveness of the proposed HC system is discussed and clarified.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{WillenbacherHuebler2004, author = {Willenbacher, Heiko and H{\"u}bler, Reinhard}, title = {Intelligent Link-Management for the Support of Integration in Building Life Cycle}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2223}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The processes in the life cycle of buildings are characterised by highly distinct teamwork. The integration of all the distributed working participants, by providing an environment, which especially supports the communication and collaboration between the actors, is a fundamental step to improve the efficiency of the involved processes and to reduce the total costs. In this article, a link based modelling approach and its "intelligent" link management is introduced (1). This approach realises an integration environment based on a special building model that acts as a decision support system. The link-based modelling is characterised by the definition and specialisation of links between partial models. These intelligent managed links enable a very flexible and task specific data access and exchange between all the different views and partial models of the participants.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{MotawaAnumbaElHamalawi2004, author = {Motawa, Ibrahim and Anumba, Chimay and El-Hamalawi, A.}, title = {Development of a Fuzzy System for Change Prediction in Construction Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.218}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2180}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Change management has been the focus of different IT systems. These IT systems were developed to represent design information, record design rationale, facilitate design coordination and changes. They are largely based on managing reactive changes, particularly design changes, in which changes are recorded and then propagated to the relevant project members. However, proactive changes are hardly dealt with in IT systems. Proactive changes require estimating the likelihood of occurrence of a change event as well as estimating the degree of change impacts on project parameters. Changes in construction projects often result from the uncertainty associated with the imprecise and vague knowledge of much project information at the early stages of projects. This is a major outcome of the case studies carried out as part of this research. Therefore, the proposed model considers that incomplete knowledge and certain project characteristics are always behind change causes. For proactive changes, predicting a change event is the main task for modelling. The prediction model should strive to integrate these main elements: 1) project characteristics that lead to change 2) causes of change, 3) the likelihood of change occurrence, and 4) the change consequences. It should also define the dependency relationships between these elements. However, limited data (documented) are only available from previous projects for change cases and many of the above elements can only be expressed in linguistic terms. This means that the model will simulate the uncertainty and subjectivity associated with these sets of elements. Therefore, a fuzzy model is proposed in this research to capture these elements. The model analyses the impact of each set of elements on the other by assigning fuzzy values for these elements that express the uncertainty and subjectivity of their impact. The main aim is to predict change events and evaluate change effects on project parameters. The fuzzy model described above was developed in an IT system for operational purposes and was designed as a Java package of components with their supporting classes, beans, and files. This paper describes the development and the architecture of the proposed IT system to achieve these requirements. The system is intended to help project teams in dealing with change causes and then the change consequences in construction projects.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{YabukiYoshimura2004, author = {Yabuki, Nobuyoshi and Yoshimura, Yutaka}, title = {An Evaluation System for Steel Structures of Hydroelectric Power Stations based on Fault Tree Analysis and Performance Maps}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.256}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2564}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents an evaluation system for steel structures of hydroelectric power stations, including hydraulic gates and penstocks, based on Fault Tree Analyasis (FTA) and performance maps. This system consists of fault tree diagrams of FTA, performance maps, design and analysis systems, and engineerin databases. These four modules are integrated by appropriate hyperlinks so that the user of this system can use it easily and seamlessly. A well developed system was applied to some illustrative example cases, and they showed that the developed methodology and system worked well and the users found the system useful and effective for their maintenance tasks at powerstations.}, subject = {Wissensmanagement}, language = {en} } @article{KicingerArciszewskiDeJong2004, author = {Kicinger, Rafal and Arciszewski, Tomasz and De Jong, Kenneth}, title = {Distributed Evolutionary Design: Island-Model-based Optimization of Steel Skeleton Structures in Tall Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.219}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2195}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents results of a study on distributed, or parallel, evolutionary computation in the topological design of steel structural systems in tall buildings. It describes results of extensive experimental research on various parallel evolutionary architectures applied to a complex structural design problem. The experiments were conducted using Inventor 2003, a networkbased evolutionary design support tool developed at George Mason University. First, a general introduction to evolutionary computation is provided with an emphasis on recent developments in parallel evolutionary architectures. Next, a discussion of conceptual design of steel structural systems in tall buildings is presented. Further, Inventor 2003 is briefly introduced as well as its design representation and evolutionary computation characteristics. Next, the results obtained from systematic design experiments conducted with Inventor 2003 are discussed. The objective of these experiments was to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate evolution of steel structural systems in tall buildings during a distributed evolutionary design process as well as to compare efficiency and effectiveness of various parallel evolutionary architectures with the traditional evolutionary design approaches. Two connectivity topologies (ring topology and fully-connected topology) have been investigated for four populations of structural designs evolving in parallel and using various migration strategies. Also, results of the initial sensitivity studies are reported in which two ways of initializing distributed evolutionary design processes were investigated, using either arbitrarily selected designs as initial parents or randomly generated ones. Finally, initial research conclusions are presented.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{MilbradtSchierbaumSchwoeppe2004, author = {Milbradt, Peter and Schierbaum, Jochen and Schw{\"o}ppe, Axel}, title = {Finite Cell-Elements of Higher Order}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.252}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2524}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The method of the finite elements is an adaptable numerical procedure for interpolation as well as for the numerical approximation of solutions of partial differential equations. The basis of these procedure is the formulation of suitable finite elements and element decompositions of the solution space. Classical finite elements are based on triangles or quadrangles in the two-dimensional space and tetrahedron or hexahedron in the threedimensional space. The use of arbitrary-dimensional convex and non-convex polyhedrons as the geometrical basis of finite elements increases the flexibility of generating finite element decompositions substantially and is sometimes the only way to get a clear decomposition...}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{ElRayesHyari2004, author = {El-Rayes, Khaled and Hyari, Khalied}, title = {A Multi-objective Model for Optimizing Construction Planning of Repetitive Infrastructure Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.213}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2135}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents the development of a model for optimizing resource utilization in repetitive infrastructure projects. The model provides the capability of simultaneous minimization of both project duration and work interruptions for construction crews. The model provides in a single run, a set of nondominated solutions that represent the tradeoff between these two objectives. The model incorporates a multiobjective genetic algorithm and scheduling algorithm. The model initially generates a randomly selected set of solutions that evolves to a near optimal set of tradeoff solutions in subsequent generations. Each solution represents a unique scheduling solution that is associated with certain project duration and a number of interruption days for utilized construction crews. As such, the model provides project planners with alternative schedules along with their expected duration and resource utilization efficiency.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{KaklauskasCervenkaCervenka2004, author = {Kaklauskas, Gintaris and Cervenka, Vladimir and Cervenka, Jan}, title = {Deflection Calculation of RC Beams: Finite Element Software versus Design Code Methods}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.249}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2498}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper investigates accuracy of deflection predictions made by the finite element package ATENA and design code methods ACI and EC2. Deflections have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported by three investigators. Statistical parameters have been established for each of the technique at different load levels, separately for the beams with small and moderate reinforcement ratio.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{KatranuschkovGehreScherer2004, author = {Katranuschkov, Peter and Gehre, Alexander and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {User Requirements Capture in Distributed Project Environments: A Process-centred Approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2029}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Efforts to define standards for representing AEC/FM data have been fairly successful. However defining a standard reference process model has not met with the same success. Yet almost every conceptual modelling or software development project starts by defining the business processes to be supported and the related requirements to be satisfied. This paper describes a new process-centred methodology for user requirements capture developed in the ICCI project (IST-2001-33022). Its essence is in recognising user requirements and use cases in the context of the real construction process, identifying the actors and roles for each individual activity and associating these activities with information, communication and standardisation requirements on the basis of a formalised specification, named the Process Matrix. In the paper we outline the history of process matrix development, introduce the basic structure of the matrix and show how it can be further extended and refined. We present also a web-based software implementation of the developed approach, describe how it has been used in ICCI and outline further perspectives.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} } @article{MaQin2004, author = {Ma, Zhiliang and Qin, Liang}, title = {A Framework of Management Information System for Construction Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.212}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2126}, year = {2004}, abstract = {A comprehensive framework of information management system for construction projects in China has been established through extensive literature survey and field investigation. It utilizes the potential information technologies and covers the practical management patterns as well as the major aspects of construction project management. It can be used to guide and evaluate the design of the information management systems for construction projects in order to make the system to be applicable to a wide variety of construction projects and survive the changes in project management.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{KangMiranda2004, author = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo}, title = {Automated Simulation of the Erection Activities in Virtual Construction}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.231}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2310}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The goal of the research is the development of a computer system to plan, simulate and visualize erection processes in construction. In the research construction cranes are treated as robots with predefined degrees of freedom and crane-specific motion planning techniques are developed to generate time-optimized and collision-free paths for each piece to be erected in the project. Using inverse kinematics and structural dynamics simulation, the computer system then computes the crane motions and velocities necessary to achieve the previously calculated paths. The main benefits of the research are the accurate planning and scheduling of crane operations leading to optimization of crane usage and project schedules, as well as improving overall crane safety in the project. This research is aimed at the development of systems that will allow computer-assisted erection of civil infrastructure and ultimately to achieve fully-automated erection processes using robotic cranes...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{NeubergFankEkkerlein2004, author = {Neuberg, Frank and Fank, Ernst and Ekkerlein, Christian}, title = {Integrated Life Cycle Simulation and Assessment of Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.235}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2351}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Buildings require both for construction and, due to their comparatively long life cycle for maintenance, significant raw material and energy resources. So far available knowledge about resource consumption during an entire life cycle of a building is still quite rare, because various criteria affect each other and/or overlay mutually. In this contribution a model based software concept is presented using an integrated approach for life cycle simulation and assessment of buildings. The essential point of the development consists of connecting an IFC compliant product model of a building via the Internet with data bases for the resource and energy requirement of building materials. Furthermore, numerical simulations allow calculating and minimizing the energy consumption, the resource requirement, the waste streams and also the noxious emissions. In the context of this paper we present the first release of software programs for architects and engineers, which help them to evaluate their design decisions objectively in early planning steps. Additionally the usage of the software is demonstrated by a test case study for a real world building. By applying this software in practice a substantial contribution for saving energy and natural resources can be provided in the sense of sustainable and ecological building design.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{SemenovAlekseevaTarlapan2004, author = {Semenov, Vitaly and Alekseeva, Elena and Tarlapan, Oleg}, title = {Virtual Construction using Map-based Approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.244}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2447}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper presents a general map-based approach to prototyping of products in virtual reality environments. Virtual prototyping of products is considered as a consistent simulation and visualization process mapping the source product model into its target visual representations. The approach enables to interrelate formally the product and visual information models with each other by defining mapping rules, to specify a prototyping scenario as a composition of map instances, and then to explore particular product models in virtual reality environments by interpreting the composed scenario. Having been realized, the proposed approach provides for the strongly formalized method and the common software framework to build virtual prototyping applications. As a result, the applications gain in expressiveness, reusability and reliability, as well as take on additional runtime flexibility...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} }