@article{NagelSimonKuemmeletal., author = {Nagel, Falk and Simon, Flaviu and K{\"u}mmel, Benjamin and Bergmann, Jean Pierre and Hildebrand, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Optimization Strategies for Laser Welding High Alloy Steel Sheets}, series = {Physics Procedia}, journal = {Physics Procedia}, doi = {10.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.040}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170425-31554}, pages = {1242 -- 1251}, abstract = {A known phenomenon during laser welding of thin sheets is the deformation caused by thermally induced stresses. This deformation can result in a change of the gap width between the welded parts, which leads to an unstable welding process. Inducing displacements by using a second heat source will compensate for the change in gap width, hence optimizing the welding process. The base material is 1 mm thick austenitic stainless steel 1.4301, which is welded by a CO2 laser. The second heat source is a diode laser. The gap between the welded parts was set between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm. The influence of the second heat source on the welding process and the welding result is described. The usage of a second heat source allows a higher gap width to be set prior to the welding process. The results of the numerical simulation were found to be corresponding to those of the experiments.}, subject = {Edelstahl}, language = {en} } @article{LinnowNiermannBonatzetal., author = {Linnow, Kirsten and Niermann, Michael and Bonatz, Dennis and Posern, Konrad and Steiger, Michael}, title = {Experimental Studies of the Mechanism and Kinetics of Hydration Reactions}, series = {Energy Procedia}, journal = {Energy Procedia}, doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.046}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170425-31484}, pages = {394 -- 404}, abstract = {The mechanism and the kinetics of hydration reactions are important for the application of a salt hydrate as a thermochemical heat storage material. MgSO4·H2O and Na2SO4 were chosen in this study because they are both promising candidates for such an application. Considering that the hydration of these salts yields MgSO4·7H2O and Na2SO4·10H2O as the reaction products, the maximum overall heat effect can be calculated from the heat of condensation of water vapor (44 kJ mol-1) and the heats of hydration of 75 kJ·mol-1 (for MgSO4·H2O) and 81 kJ mol-1 (for Na2SO4). Based on the densities of the two hydrated phases, this results in the very high theoretical energy densities of 2.3 GJ·m-3 and 2.4 GJ·m-3, respectively, for MgSO4·7H2O and Na2SO4·10H2O. Not only the energy density is important for the dimensioning of a storage system, but also the kinetics of hydration reactions play a major role for the application as storage material. In the present study, hydration reactions under varying climatic conditions were investigated by using water vapor sorption measurements and in-situ Raman microscopy. Using the phase diagrams, it can be clearly shown that the mechanism and the kinetics depend on the climatic conditions. Below the deliquescence humidity of the lower hydrated phase the hydration proceeds as solid state reaction, whilst above the deliquescence humidity a through solution mechanism takes place.}, subject = {W{\"a}rmespeicherung}, language = {en} } @article{AtaollahiOshkourTalebiSeyedShirazietal., author = {Ataollahi Oshkour, Azim and Talebi, Hossein and Seyed Shirazi, Seyed Farid and Bayat, Mehdi and Yau, Yat Huang and Tarlochan, Faris and Abu Osman, Noor Azuan}, title = {Comparison of various functionally graded femoral prostheses by finite element analysis}, series = {Scientific World Journal}, journal = {Scientific World Journal}, doi = {10.1155/2014/807621}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170413-31194}, abstract = {This study is focused on finite element analysis of a model comprising femur into which a femoral component of a total hip replacement was implanted. The considered prosthesis is fabricated from a functionally graded material (FGM) comprising a layer of a titanium alloy bonded to a layer of hydroxyapatite. The elastic modulus of the FGM was adjusted in the radial, longitudinal, and longitudinal-radial directions by altering the volume fraction gradient exponent. Four cases were studied, involving two different methods of anchoring the prosthesis to the spongy bone and two cases of applied loading. The results revealed that the FG prostheses provoked more SED to the bone. The FG prostheses carried less stress, while more stress was induced to the bone and cement. Meanwhile, less shear interface stress was stimulated to the prosthesis-bone interface in the noncemented FG prostheses. The cement-bone interface carried more stress compared to the prosthesis-cement interface. Stair climbing induced more harmful effects to the implanted femur components compared to the normal walking by causing more stress. Therefore, stress shielding, developed stresses, and interface stresses in the THR components could be adjusted through the controlling stiffness of the FG prosthesis by managing volume fraction gradient exponent.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @article{MasoodKharalNasir, author = {Masood, R. and Kharal, M. K. N. and Nasir, A.R.}, title = {Is BIM Adoption Advantageous for Construction Industry of Pakistan?}, series = {Procedia Engineering}, journal = {Procedia Engineering}, doi = {10.1016/j.proeng.2014.07.021}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170425-31509}, pages = {229 -- 238}, abstract = {Lack of Information technology applications on construction projects lead to complex flow of data during project life cycle. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has gained attention in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, envisage the use of virtual n-dimensional (n-D) models to identify potential conflicts in design, construction or operational of any facility. A questionnaire has been designed to investigate perceptions regarding BIM advantages. Around 102 valid responses received from diversified stakeholders. Results showed very low BIM adoption with low level of 'Buzz'. BIM is a faster and more effective method for designing and construction management, it improves quality of the design and construction and reduces rework during construction; which came out as the top thee advantages according to the perception of AEC professionals of Pakistan.BIM has least impact on reduction of cost, time and human resources. This research is a bench mark study to understand adoption and advantageous of BIM in Pakistan Construction Industry.}, subject = {Building Information Modeling}, language = {en} } @article{Massaretti, author = {Massaretti, Pier Giorgio}, title = {Dagli inizi dell'urbanismo teorico alla citt{\`a} moderna. Visioni urbanistiche del totalitarismo - Italia}, series = {Anthologie zum St{\"a}dtebau. Das Ph{\"a}nomen Großstadt und die Entstehung der Stadt der Moderne}, journal = {Anthologie zum St{\"a}dtebau. Das Ph{\"a}nomen Großstadt und die Entstehung der Stadt der Moderne}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170529-32228}, pages = {1 -- 45}, abstract = {La prima edizione di questo testo {\`e} apparsa, in tedesco, nel volume II.2.: Anthologie zum St{\"a}dtebau. Das Ph{\"a}nomen Großstadt und die Entstehung der Stadt der Moderne, a cura di Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani, Katia Frey, Eliana Perotti, con il sostegno di Departement Architektur der Eidgen{\"o}ssischen Technischen Hochschule, Z{\"u}rich (Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 2014, pp. 1307-1390). Previ specifici accordi con l'editore, viene qui presentata la versione originaria, in italiano, dell'intero capitolo: Modernit{\"a}t und Emphase. St{\"a}dtebau im italienischen Faschismus, e comprendente: i) una capiente saggio introduttivo - in una versione pi{\`u} ampia ed articolata (comprensiva della "Bibliografia sistematica", di riferimento) del testo in tedesco; ii) la versione in italiano del repertorio antologico di riferimento - e comprensiva di una "Scheda introduttiva", sull'Autore-Opera, e di una selezione del testo in esame.}, subject = {St{\"a}dtebau}, language = {it} } @inproceedings{Massaretti, author = {Massaretti, Pier Giorgio}, title = {La ri-fondazione della Libia balbiana (1933-1939). Il poderoso racconto fotografico dei "Ventimila"}, series = {Citt{\`a} mediterranee in trasformazione}, booktitle = {Citt{\`a} mediterranee in trasformazione}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3223}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170529-32234}, pages = {14}, abstract = {La prima edizione di questo testo {\`e} apparsa negli atti del VI Convegno Internazionale di Studi del CIRICE - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sull'Iconografia della Citt{\`a} Europea - Universit{\`a} di Napoli Federico II, (Napoli, 13-15 marzo 2014), dal titolo: Citt{\`a} mediterranee in trasformazione. Identit{\`a} e immagine del paesaggio urbano tra Sette e Novecento, a cura di A. Buccaro e C. de Seta (Collana: Polis, 6; Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 2014; pp. 1216; ISBN 9788849528145), all'interno della sessione 7, Le trasformazioni del paesaggio urbano nella fotografia e nella cinematografia, coordinatori: F. Capano, M. Iuliano, pp. 1085-1098. Il Convegno, aperto a studiosi di ambito nazionale e internazionale, si poneva l'obiettivo di fare il punto sulla storiografia riguardante la citt{\`a} mediterranea in et{\`a} contemporanea, con particolare riferimento alla sua identit{\`a}, struttura e immagine, dall'inizio dell'industrializzazione all'et{\`a} post-illuminista e borghese, fino ai temi inerenti l'evoluzione/involuzione del territorio e del paesaggio post-industriale, nonch{\´e} lo sviluppo del modello turistico tra Otto e Novecento.}, subject = {St{\"a}dtebau}, language = {it} } @phdthesis{Itam, author = {Itam, Zarina}, title = {Numerical Simulation of Thermo-Chemo-Hygro-Mechanical Alkali-Silica Reaction Model in Concrete at the Mesoscale and Macroscale}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2335}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20141218-23352}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {164}, abstract = {Alkali-silica reaction causes major problems in concrete structures due to the rapidity of its deformation which leads to the serviceability limit of the structure being reached well before its time. Factors that affect ASR vary greatly, including alkali and silica content, relative humidity, temperature and porosity of the cementitious matrix,all these making it a very complex phenomenon to consider explicitly. With this in mind, the finite element technique was used to build models and generate expansive pressures and damage propagation due to ASR under the influence of thermo-hygrochemoelastic loading. Since ASR initializes in the mesoscopic regions of the concrete, the accumulative effects of its expansion escalates onto the macroscale level with the development of web cracking on the concrete surface, hence solution of the damage model as well as simulation of the ASR phenomenon at both the macroscale and mesoscale levels have been performed. The macroscale model realizes the effects of ASR expansion as a whole and shows how it develops under the influence of moisture, thermal and mechanical loading. Results of the macroscale modeling are smeared throughout the structure and are sufficient to show how damage due to ASR expansion orientates. As opposed to the mesoscale model, the heterogeneity of the model shows us how difference in material properties between aggregates and the cementitious matrix facilitates ASR expansion. With both these models, the ASR phenomenon under influence of thermo-chemo-hygro-mechanical loading can be better understood.}, subject = {Strukturmechanik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Torrado, author = {Torrado, Valentina}, title = {Die Pr{\"a}senz des Abjekten in der zeitgen{\"o}ssischen Kunstproduktion}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2129}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140225-21297}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {115}, abstract = {Die Arbeit fokussiert die Rolle des Abjekten in der zeitgen{\"o}ssischen Kunst und hier insbesondere die Rolle der K{\"u}nstler aus den wohlhabenden - sogenannten postindustriellen - L{\"a}ndern. Die Arbeit mit abjekten Themen in der Kunstproduktion ist sehr pr{\"a}sent, jedoch aus einer anderen, eher individualistischen Perspektive. Die wichtigsten Orte der Kunst (Galerien, Museen, Kulturzentren) sind R{\"a}ume der Legitimation dieser Art von Produktion, dabei wird das Potential der Provokation hinterfragt. Die klassische Avantgarde, besonders der Dadaismus, hat das Abjekte zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts als k{\"u}nstlerisches Material genutzt. Das Spiel mit Grenz{\"u}berschreitungen durch die Darstellung des Verbotenen und Ekelerregenden machte das Abjekte zur produktiven Kraft auch auf sozialer Ebene, weil es als Mittel dem gesellschaftlichen Protest und der sozialen Kritik diente.}, subject = {Abjekt}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Faschingeder, author = {Faschingeder, Kristian}, title = {Das Unheimliche in der Stadt. Die urbane Vision Ludwig Hilberseimers}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2133}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140226-21333}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {454}, abstract = {Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit ist der Aspekt des Unheimlichen in jener Hochhausstadt, deren Entwurf Ludwig Hilberseimer 1924 zum ersten Mal publizierte und die sp{\"a}ter zum Synonym f{\"u}r die Aberrationen modernistischen St{\"a}dtebaus wurde. Daraus geht die Forschungsfrage hervor, wie der Eindruck des Unheimlichen evoziert wird und an welchen Elementen des Entwurfs und/oder der Darstellung dieser festgemacht werden kann. Hier geht es nicht um eine Analyse der Intentionen des Autors der Hochhausstadt, der diese ja als Verbesserung zu den herrschenden Wohnverh{\"a}ltnissen anpries; stattdessen wird eine Reihe von unterschiedlichen interpretatorischen Ans{\"a}tzen gew{\"a}hlt (von Nelson Goodmans Theorie der Notation {\"u}ber Norman Brysons visuelles Zeichensystem bis hin zu Adornos Negativer Dialektik; von der „Bildwissenschaft" bis hin zur „visual theory"). In diesem Zusammenhang werden schließlich auch jene Divergenzen herausgearbeitet, die zwischen der Architektur der Moderne und der Kunst der Avantgarde herrschten. Da aufgrund der Frage nach der Bildwirkung der beiden Perspektiven der Hochhausstadt die {\"A}sthetik des Erhabenen eine besondere Rolle spielt, reicht der Fokus der Arbeit bis in den kunst- und architekturtheoretischen Diskurs des 18. Jahrhundert zur{\"u}ck. Zuletzt m{\"u}ndet die Arbeit in eine Diskussion von Interpretation selbst und der M{\"o}glichkeit einer kritischen Architekturtheorie.}, subject = {Architekturtheorie}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nayono, author = {Nayono, Suwartanti}, title = {Development of a Sustainability-based Sanitation Planning Tool (SusTA) for Developing Countries}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140619-22227}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {153; mit Anh{\"a}ngen 209}, abstract = {Background and Research Goal Despite all the efforts in the sanitation sector, it is acknowledged that the world is not on track to meet the MDG sanitation target to reduce the number of people without access to sanitation by 2015. Furthermore, a large number of existing sanitation facilities in developing countries is out of order. This leads to the conclusion that, besides technical failures, the planning process in the sanitation sector was ineffective. This ineffectiveness may be attributed to the lack of knowledge of the sanitation planners about the local conditions of the sanitation project. In addition, sustainability of a technology is often approached from a fragmented perspective that often leads to an unsustainable solution. The dissertation is conducted within the framework of the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Indonesia project. The goal of this work is to contribute to the development of a methodology of a planning tool for sustainable sanitation technology. The tool is designed for sanitation planners in developing countries, where a top-down planning approach is common practice. The proposed tool enables comprehensive sustainability assessments (using the Helmholtz Concept of Sustainability as reference), taking into account local conditions. State of the Science In the planning practice, many sanitation planning tools focus on technology selection. However, it has become evident that the selection criteria for sustainable technologies are not always considered in the tools' framework. In other cases, when the criteria are provided by the tool, there is no clear indication of the conditions to be fulfilled in order to meet these criteria. Specifically, there is no reference to what is meant by sustainable technology in a particular context and how to comprehensively assess the sustainability of different technology options. Research Methodology Developing a planning tool is an empirical process, combining theory and practical experience. Hence, the development process of such a tool requires extensive observations, particularly on the interaction between stakeholders in the sanitation sector as well as between technology and its environment. For this purpose, a case study within the project area was carried out. Pucanganom, a village representing common strategic problems in developing countries (e.g. top-down planning approaches, lack of involvement of beneficiaries in the planning process, lack of sustainability assessments) was finally selected as the case study area. After the in-depth case study, an analytical generalisation was developed to enable the tool's application to a broader context. Results The result of this research is a new tool - the Sustainability-based Sanitation Planning Tool (SusTA). SusTA enables comprehensive sustainability assessment in its five generic steps, namely: (1) analysis of stakeholders and sanitation policy in the region, (2) distance-to-target analysis on sanitation conditions in the region, (3) examination of physical and socio-economic conditions in the project area, (4) contextualisation of the technology assessment process in the project area, and (5) sustainability-oriented technology assessment at the project level. These steps are conducted at two levels of planning - the region and the project area - in order to identify the specific problems and interests which influence the selection of a sanitation system. Each planning step is equipped with tool elements (e.g. set of indicators, household questionnaires, technology assessment matrices) to support the analysis. From the development of SusTA, it can be concluded that four elements are required for an effective and widely applicable sanitation planning tool: sustainability concept, participatory approach, contextualisation framework and modification framework. SusTA provides both a theoretical and a practical basis for assessing the sustainability of sanitation technologies in developing countries. The tool's main advantages for decision makers in these countries are: It is simple and transparent in its steps, does not require vast amounts of data and does not need a sophisticated computer program.}, subject = {sanitation planning, sustainable technology, sustainability assessment}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-2182, title = {Simulationsforum 2013 - Schweißen und W{\"a}rmebehandlung}, editor = {Hildebrand, J{\"o}rg and Loose, Tobias and Sakkiettibutra, Jens and Brand, Marcus}, publisher = {F{\"o}rderverein W{\"a}rmebehandlung und Schweißen e.V.}, address = {Weimar}, isbn = {978-3-00-045902-3}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2182}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140512-21820}, pages = {234}, abstract = {Das Buch ver{\"o}ffentlicht 22 Fachbeitr{\"a}ge der Konferenz "Simulationsforum 2013 - Schweißen und W{\"a}rmebehandlung".}, subject = {Schweißen}, language = {de} } @article{AdamatzkySchubert, author = {Adamatzky, Andrew and Schubert, Theresa}, title = {Slime mold microfluidic logical gates}, series = {Materials Today}, journal = {Materials Today}, doi = {10.1016/j.mattod.2014.01.018}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170413-31168}, pages = {86 -- 91}, abstract = {We demonstrate how logical operations can be implemented in ensembles of protoplasmic tubes of acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum. The tactile response of the protoplasmic tubes is used to actuate analogs of two- and four-input logical gates and memory devices. The slime mold tube logical gates display results of logical operations by blocking flow in mechanically stimulated tube fragments and redirecting the flow to output tube fragments. We demonstrate how XOR and NOR gates are constructed. We also exemplify circuits of hybrid gates and a memory device. The slime mold based gates are non-electronic, simple and inexpensive, and several gates can be realized simultaneously at sites where protoplasmic tubes merge.}, subject = {Physarum polycephalum}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Chilingaryan, author = {Chilingaryan, Naira}, title = {Industrial Heritage: In-Between Memory and Transformation}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2229}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140624-22291}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Exploratory Research into Transformation Processes of Former Industrial Complexes of Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei (Leipzig) and Mattatoio di Testaccio (Rome); New Meanings of Industrial Heritage Physical manifestations of the Industrial Revolution left a permanent imprint on the complexion of cities. Abandonment that followed the deindustrialization contributed to an estrangement, turning derelict industrial spaces and run-down factories into a ballast to conjure with. At present, industrial heritage management applies flexibility and creativity, partially overcoming the essentially traditional paradigm of heritage preservation. This approach permits sustainable conservation - utilization and integration of disused industrial constructs in the contemporary urban landscape. Being a part of the European cultural stock, industrial heritage is an exciting and unique setting from many perspectives. It is defined and consumed by many markets, ranging from the industrial heritage tourism to the market of special events and festivals. Reused industrial buildings and factories come into view as products of post-industrial societies, fitting to the Western post-industrial (consumer) culture, offering a field of activities that are at an interface between the industrial history and contemporary socio-cultural milieu. Alteration of values, growth of new roles and definitions of industrial heritage, generated by functional restructuring, is a subject which is often left behind the general discussion about sustainable conservation and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage. Yet, in the modified state, industrial heritage is very complex to understand and to define. By conducting a desk and a case study research of former industrial complexes - Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei and Mattatoio di Testaccio, this doctoral thesis aims to identify industrial heritage as a contemporary (post-industrial) concept. Observation of ideas, values and definitions that emerge as a consequence of the transformation and re-conceptualization of industrial heritage are intended to raise awareness and appreciation of industrial heritage in the full richness of its contemporary interpretation.}, subject = {Denkmal}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hildebrandt, author = {Hildebrandt, Paula Marie}, title = {Staubaufwirbeln oder die Kunst der Partizipation}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2158}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140410-21589}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {262}, abstract = {Die Dissertation Staubaufwirbeln oder die Kunst der Partizipation stellt die Frage, ob und inwiefern k{\"u}nstlerische Interventionen zur Aktualisierung und Entwicklung demokratischer Teilhabe beitragen k{\"o}nnen. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung stehen sechs Projektgruppen, die experimentelle Freir{\"a}ume gestalten, in denen neue Formen von Demokratielernen, Stadtnutzung, gesellschaftlicher Repr{\"a}sentation und Symbolpolitik erprobt werden. Die Kunst der Partizipation wird in f{\"u}nf Dimensionen beschrieben: Initiative, Kollektivit{\"a}t, Inszenierung, {\"O}ffentlichkeit und Kooperation. Sie erweitert damit das Repertoire demokratischer Beteiligungsformen sowie gegenw{\"a}rtige Kunstbegriffe. Ihre heimliche Relevanz besteht darin, sich immer wieder dem Risiko auszusetzen, von allen Seiten als unzureichend betrachtet zu werden. Demokratie konstituiert sich hier als {\"a}sthetische Erfahrung. Die Kunst besteht darin, die Fl{\"u}chtigkeit demokratischer Teilhabe erfahrbar zu machen, also gestaltbar und ver{\"a}nderbar.}, subject = {Stadt}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kalugila, author = {Kalugila, Shubira}, title = {HOUSING INTERVENTIONS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT: Opportunities and Challenges in Mixed Informal Settlements, in Dar es Salaam - Tanzania}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2293}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140902-22930}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {304}, abstract = {Rapid urbanisation that is not accompanied by socio-economic development strains the capacity of local and national governments to provide even basic services such as shelter. Informal settlements i.e. settlements not built or developed according to the formal regulations have become a solution to many urban dwellers in developing countries. In Tanzania informal settlements accommodate people from low, middle and high income groups. The study explores the nature of potentials and challenges posed by the existence of mixed socio-economic groups in informal settlements, including an assessment of what can be done to optimise utilisation of potentials and mitigation of conflicts. Using a case study strategy, the study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city focusing on Makongo mixed informal settlement. The results show that mixed informal settlements are as a result of several factors including uncoordinated energies of people. The urban development forces that bring change in the development of the city are stronger than the public states capacity to coordinate and manage them. Informal settlements also offer user-friendly land tenure, flexibility in house construction and proximity to livelihoods. Other factors include the nature of socio-economic living patterns and extension of urban boundaries. Community members operate using social norms. Advantages of mixed informal settlements include availability of plots according to needs and affordability while a disadvantage is, people of different socio-economic groups perceive problems differently. For policies to be effective, their formulation should be derived from what is happening on the ground i.e. addressing informal settlements according to their heterogeneity. Moreover, empowered local authorities can assist in implementing national development plans; also actors in land development including government institutions, non-governmental institutions, financial institutions, private sector, professionals, political leaders, research institutions, policy-makers and training institutions need to recognise, understand and respect each other's roles, and pull resources together to minimise problems related to informality in land development; utilise potentials and minimise challenges in mixed informal settlements in Dar es Salaam. Key words: Informal settlements, land development, urbanisation}, subject = {Verst{\"a}dterung}, language = {en} } @misc{GarischKutznerOehleretal., author = {Garisch, Mathias and Kutzner, Eva and Oehler, Vanessa and Patzer, Nicole and Schmeing, Carolin}, title = {Analyse von Terminpl{\"a}nen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2139}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140317-21392}, pages = {61}, abstract = {Das Bachelorprojekt „Analyse von Terminpl{\"a}nen" besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Analyse der Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten zwischen den unterschiedlichen Vorg{\"a}ngen des Bauablaufs. Die Problematik in der Terminplanerstellung liegt darin, dass ein Terminplan nicht alle Hintergrundinformationen abbildet und es daher zu Projektverz{\"o}gerungen und Absprachefehlern kommen kann. Dieses Bachelorprojekt macht Gebrauch von bereits aufbereiteten Informationen zur genannten Problematik in Form eines vorangegangen Bachelorprojekts und eines Masterprojekts, sowie einer Umfrage des Instituts f{\"u}r Bauwirtschaft der Universit{\"a}t Kassel. In diesem Projekt werden 50 neue und 100 bereits existierende Terminpl{\"a}ne von diversen Unternehmen aus ganz Deutschland analysiert und ausgewertet. Die Analyse der Terminpl{\"a}ne basiert auf gef{\"u}hrten Experteninterviews. Das Interview ber{\"u}cksichtigt Faktoren wie zum Beispiel Darstellungsformen, Detaillierungsgrade, Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten, Vorgangsdauern oder Planungsgrundlagen. Durch die Befragung von m{\"o}glichst vielen Firmen konnte festgestellt werden, dass jeder Terminplanentwickler eine Vorgehensweise entwickelt, nach welcher er arbeitet. Außerdem ist in den Gespr{\"a}chen deutlich geworden, dass das Theorie- Praxis-Gef{\"a}lle sehr groß ist. Das heißt, dass theoretische Modelle aus der Ausbildung an beispielsweise Hochschulen, in der Praxis heutzutage wenig angewandt werden. Nach der Analyse der Terminpl{\"a}ne und Auswertung der Interviews, werden die Daten in eine vom vorangehenden Masterprojekt erstellte Excel-Tabelle eingepflegt. Die vorhandenen Informationen werden dann anhand verschiedenster Diagramme verglichen und ausgewertet.}, subject = {Analyse}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Dang, author = {Dang, Trang}, title = {Automated Detailing of 4D Schedules}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2310}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20141006-23103}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {120}, abstract = {The increasing success of BIM (Building Information Model) and the emergence of its implementation in 3D construction models have paved a way for improving scheduling process. The recent research on application of BIM in scheduling has focused on quantity take-off, duration estimation for individual trades, schedule visualization, and clash detection. Several experiments indicated that the lack of detailed planning causes about 30\% non-productive time and stacking of trades. However, detailed planning still has not been implemented in practice despite receiving a lot of interest from researchers. The reason is associated with the huge amount and complexity of input data. In order to create a detailed planning, it is time consuming to manually decompose activities, collect and calculate the detailed information in relevant. Moreover, the coordination of detailed activities requires much effort for dealing with their complex constraints. This dissertation aims to support the generation of detailed schedules from a rough schedule. It proposes a model for automated detailing of 4D schedules by integrating BIM, simulation and Pareto-based optimization.}, subject = {Simulation}, language = {en} } @article{VoelkerMaempelKornadt, author = {V{\"o}lker, Conrad and M{\"a}mpel, Silvio and Kornadt, Oliver}, title = {Measuring the human body's micro-climate using a thermal manikin}, series = {Indoor Air}, journal = {Indoor Air}, number = {24, 6}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3815}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20181025-38153}, pages = {567 -- 579}, abstract = {The human body is surrounded by a micro-climate which results from its convective release of heat. In this study, the air temperature and flow velocity of this micro-climate were measured in a climate chamber at various room temperatures, using a thermal manikin simulating the heat release of the human being. Different techniques (Particle Streak Tracking, thermography, anemometry, and thermistors) were used for measurement and visualization. The manikin surface temperature was adjusted to the particular indoor climate based on simulations with a thermoregulation model (UCBerkeley Thermal Comfort Model). We found that generally, the micro-climate is thinner at the lower part of the torso, but expands going up. At the head, there is a relatively thick thermal layer, which results in an ascending plume above the head. However, the micro-climate shape strongly depends not only on the body segment, but also on boundary conditions: the higher the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the manikin and the air temperature, the faster the air flow in the micro-climate. Finally, convective heat transfer coefficients strongly increase with falling room temperature, while radiative heat transfer coefficients decrease. The type of body segment strongly influences the convective heat transfer coefficient, while only minimally influencing the radiative heat transfer coefficient.}, subject = {Raumklima}, language = {en} } @article{MotraHildebrandDimmigOsburg, author = {Motra, Hem Bahadur and Hildebrand, J{\"o}rg and Dimmig-Osburg, Andrea}, title = {Assessment of strain measurement techniques to characterise mechanical properties of structural steel}, series = {Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal}, journal = {Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal}, doi = {10.1016/j.jestch.2014.07.006}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170425-31540}, pages = {260 -- 269}, abstract = {Strain measurement is important in mechanical testing. A wide variety of techniques exists for measuring strain in the tensile test; namely the strain gauge, extensometer, stress and strain determined by machine crosshead motion, Geometric Moire technique, optical strain measurement techniques and others. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare the strain measurement techniques. To carry out the tensile test experiments for S 235, sixty samples were cut from the web of the I-profile in longitudinal and transverse directions in four different dimensions. The geometry of samples are analysed by 3D scanner and vernier caliper. In addition, the strain values were determined by using strain gauge, extensometer and machine crosshead motion. Three techniques of strain measurement are compared in quantitative manner based on the calculation of mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, yield strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation at maximum force) of structural steel. A statistical information was used for evaluating the results. It is seen that the extensometer and strain gauge provided reliable data, however the extensometer offers several advantages over the strain gauge and crosshead motion for testing structural steel in tension. Furthermore, estimation of measurement uncertainty is presented for the basic material parameters extracted through strain measurement.}, subject = {Baustahl}, language = {en} } @article{XuMourrainGalligoetal., author = {Xu, G. and Mourrain, B. and Galligo, A. and Rabczuk, Timon}, title = {High-quality construction of analysis-suitable trivariate NURBS solids by reparameterization methods}, series = {Computational Mechanics}, journal = {Computational Mechanics}, abstract = {High-quality construction of analysis-suitable trivariate NURBS solids by reparameterization methods}, subject = {Angewandte Mathematik}, language = {en} }