@article{KleinKoenig,
  author    = {Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Computational Urban Planning: Using the Value Lab as Control Center},
  series = {FCL Magazine, Special Issue Simulation Platform},
  journal   = {FCL Magazine, Special Issue Simulation Platform},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2601},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26011},
  pages     = {38 -- 45},
  abstract  = {Urban planning involves many aspects and various disciplines, demanding an asynchronous planning approach. The level of complexity rises with each aspect to be considered and makes it difficult to find universally satisfactory solutions. To improve this situation we propose a new approach, which complement traditional design methods with a computational urban plan- ning method that can fulfil formalizable design requirements automatically. Based on this approach we present a design space exploration framework for complex urban planning projects. For a better understanding of the idea of design space exploration, we introduce the concept of a digital scout which guides planners through the design space and assists them in their creative explorations. The scout can support planners during manual design by informing them about potential im- pacts or by suggesting different solutions that fulfill predefined quality requirements. The planner can change flexibly between a manually controlled and a completely automated design process. The developed system is presented using an exemplary urban planning scenario on two levels from the street layout to the placement of building volumes. Based on Self-Organizing Maps we implemented a method which makes it possible to visualize the multi-dimensional solution space in an easily analysable and comprehensible form.},
  subject      = {Stadtgestaltung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TreyerKleinKoenigetal.,
  author    = {Treyer, Lukas and Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Meixner, Christine},
  title     = {Lightweight Urban Computation Interchange (LUCI): A System to Couple Heterogenous Simulations and Views},
  series = {Spatial Information Research},
  journal   = {Spatial Information Research},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2603},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26037},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  abstract  = {In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases, that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XinHijaziKoenigetal.,
  author    = {Xin, Li and Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Lv, Zhihan and Zhong, Chen and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {Assessing Essential Qualities of Urban Space with Emotional and Visual Data Based on GIS Technique},
  series = {ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION},
  journal   = {ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijgi5110218},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170401-30995},
  abstract  = {Finding a method to evaluate people's emotional responses to urban spaces in a valid and objective way is fundamentally important for urban design practices and related policy making. Analysis of the essential qualities of urban space could be made both more effective and more accurate using innovative information techniques that have become available in the era of big data. This study introduces an integrated method based on geographical information systems (GIS) and an emotion-tracking technique to quantify the relationship between people's emotional responses and urban space. This method can evaluate the degree to which people's emotional responses are influenced by multiple urban characteristics such as building shapes and textures, isovist parameters, visual entropy, and visual fractals. The results indicate that urban spaces may influence people's emotional responses through both spatial sequence arrangements and shifting scenario sequences. Emotional data were collected with body sensors and GPS devices. Spatial clustering was detected to target effective sampling locations; then, isovists were generated to extract building textures. Logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to determine the key isovist parameters and the probabilities that they influenced people's emotion. Finally, based on the results, we make some suggestions for design professionals in the field of urban space optimization.},
  subject      = {Stadt},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HijaziKoenigSchneideretal.,
  author    = {Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Schneider, Sven and Li, Xin and Bielik, Martin and Schmitt, Gerhard and Donath, Dirk},
  title     = {Geostatistical Analysis for the Study of Relationships between the Emotional Responses of Urban Walkers to Urban Spaces},
  series = {International Journal of E-Planning Research},
  journal   = {International Journal of E-Planning Research},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2602},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26025},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  abstract  = {The described study aims to find correlations between urban spatial configurations and human emotions. To this end, the authors measured people's emotions while they walk along a path in an urban area using an instrument that measures skin conductance and skin temperature. The corresponding locations of the test persons were measured recorded by using a GPS-tracker (n=13). The results are interpreted and categorized as measures for positive and negative emotional arousal. To evaluate the technical and methodological process. The test results offer initial evidence that certain spaces or spatial sequences do cause positive or negative emotional arousal while others are relatively neutral. To achieve the goal of the study, the outcome was used as a basis for the study of testing correlations between people's emotional responses and urban spatial configurations represented by Isovist properties of the urban form. By using their model the authors can explain negative emotional arousal for certain places, but they couldn't find a model to predict emotional responses for individual spatial configurations.},
  subject      = {Geografie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Urban Design Synthesis for Building Layouts : Urban Design Synthesis for Building Layouts based on Evolutionary Many-Criteria Optimization},
  series = {International Journal of Architectural Computing},
  journal   = {International Journal of Architectural Computing},
  doi       = {10.1260/1478-0771.13.3-4.257},
  pages     = {257 -- 270},
  abstract  = {When working on urban planning projects there are usually multiple aspects to consider. Often these aspects are contradictory and it is not possible to choose one over the other; instead, they each need to be fulfilled as well as possible. In this situation ideal solutions are not always found because they are either not sought or the problems are regarded as being too complex for human capabilities.To improve this situation we propose complementing traditional design approaches with a design synthesis process based on evolutionary many-criteria optimization methods that can fulfill formalizable design requirements. In addition we show how self-organizing maps can be used to visualize many-dimensional solution spaces in an easily analyzable and comprehensible form.The system is presented using an urban planning scenario for the placement of building volumes.},
  subject      = {Design synthesis},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Interview on Information Architecture},
  series = {Swiss Architecture in the Moving Image},
  journal   = {Swiss Architecture in the Moving Image},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2507},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180422-25078},
  pages     = {151 -- 154},
  abstract  = {Interview on Information Architecture},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigStandfestSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Standfest, Matthias and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization for building layout planning: Exemplary application based on the PSSA framework},
  series = {32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  journal   = {32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  editor    = {Thompson, Emine Mine},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2513},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25139},
  pages     = {567 -- 574},
  abstract  = {When working on urban planning projects there are usually multiple aspects to consider. Often these aspects are contradictory and it is not possible to choose one over the other; instead, they each need to be fulfilled as well as possible. Planners typically draw on past experience when subjectively prioritising which aspects to consider with which degree of importance for their planning concepts. This practice, although understandable, places power and authority in the hands of people who have varying degrees of expertise, which means that the best possible solution is not always found, because it is either not sought or the problem is regarded as being too complex for human capabilities. To improve this situation, the project presented here shows the potential of multi-criteria optimisation algorithms using the example of a new housing layout for an urban block. In addition it is shown, how Self-Organizing-Maps can be used to visualise multi-dimensional solution spaces in an easy analysable and comprehensible form.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigKnecht,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Knecht, Katja},
  title     = {Comparing two evolutionary algorithm based methods for layout generation: Dense packing versus subdivision},
  series = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing},
  journal   = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing},
  pages     = {285 -- 299},
  abstract  = {We present and compare two evolutionary algorithm based methods for rectangular architectural layout generation: dense packing and subdivision algorithms.We analyze the characteristics of the two methods on the basis of three floor plan sce- narios. Our analyses include the speed with which solutions are generated, the reliability with which optimal solutions can be found, and the number of different solutions that can be found overall. In a following step, we discuss the methods with respect to their different user interaction capabilities. In addition, we show that each method has the capability to generate more complex L-shaped layouts. Finally,we conclude that neither of the methods is superior but that each of them is suitable for use in distinct application scenarios because of its different properties.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KnechtKoenig,
  author    = {Knecht, Katja and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Automatische Grundst{\"u}cksumlegung mithilfe von Unterteilungsalgorithmen und typenbasierte Generierung von Stadtstrukturen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2673},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160822-26730},
  abstract  = {Dieses Arbeitspapier beschreibt, wie ausgehend von einem vorhandenen Straßennetzwerk Bebauungsareale mithilfe von Unterteilungsalgorithmen automatisch umgelegt, d.h. in Grundst{\"u}cke unterteilt, und anschließend auf Basis verschiedener st{\"a}dtebaulicher Typen bebaut werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Unterteilung von Bebauungsarealen und die Generierung von Bebauungsstrukturen unterliegen dabei bestimmten stadtplanerischen Einschr{\"a}nkungen, Vorgaben und Parametern. Ziel ist es aus den dargestellten Untersuchungen heraus ein Vorschlagssystem f{\"u}r stadtplanerische Entw{\"u}rfe zu entwickeln, das anhand der Umsetzung eines ersten Softwareprototyps zur Generierung von Stadtstrukturen weiter diskutiert wird.},
  subject      = {Automatisierung},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KoenigBauriedel,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Bauriedel, Christian},
  title     = {Generating settlement structures: a method for urban planning and analysis supported by cellular automata},
  series = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design},
  journal   = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2605},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160624-26054},
  pages     = {602 -- 624},
  abstract  = {Previous models for the explanation of settlement processes pay little attention to the interactions between settlement spreading and road networks. On the basis of a dielectric breakdown model in combination with cellular automata, we present a method to steer precisely the generation of settlement structures with regard to their global and local density as well as the size and number of forming clusters. The resulting structures depend on the logic of how the dependence of the settlements and the road network is implemented to the simulation model. After analysing the state of the art we begin with a discussion of the mutual dependence of roads and land development. Next, we elaborate a model that permits the precise control of permeability in the developing structure as well as the settlement density, using the fewest necessary control parameters. On the basis of different characteristic values, possible settlement structures are analysed and compared with each other. Finally, we reflect on the theoretical contribution of the model with regard to the context of urban dynamics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Computers in the design phase - Ten thesis on their uselessness},
  series = {Der Generalist},
  journal   = {Der Generalist},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2607},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26075},
  abstract  = {At the end of the 1960s, architects at various universities world- wide began to explore the potential of computer technology for their profession. With the decline in prices for PCs in the 1990s and the development of various computer-aided architectural design systems (CAAD), the use of such systems in architectural and planning offices grew continuously. Because today no ar- chitectural office manages without a costly CAAD system and because intensive soſtware training has become an integral part of a university education, the question arises about what influence the various computer systems have had on the design process forming the core of architectural practice. The text at hand devel- ops ten theses about why there has been no success to this day in introducing computers such that new qualitative possibilities for design result. RESTRICTEDNESS},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Die Stadt der Agenten und Automaten},
  series = {FORUM - Architektur \& Bauforum},
  journal   = {FORUM - Architektur \& Bauforum},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2608},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26083},
  abstract  = {PLANUNGSUNTERST{\"U}TZUNG DURCH DIE ANALYSE R{\"A}UMLICHER PROZESSE MITTELS COMPUTERSIMULATIONEN. Erst wenn man - zumindest im Prinzip - versteht, wie eine Stadt mit ihren komplexen, verwobenen Vorg{\"a}ngen im Wesentlichen funktioniert, ist eine sinnvolle Stadtplanung m{\"o}glich. Denn jede Planung bedeutet einen Eingriff in den komplexen Organismus einer Stadt. Findet dieser Eingriff ohne Wissen {\"u}ber die Funktionsweise des Organismus statt, k{\"o}nnen auch die Auswirkungen nicht abgesch{\"a}tzt werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt dar, wie urbane Prozesse mittels Computersimulationen unter Zuhilfenahme so genannter Multi-Agenten-Systeme und Zellul{\"a}rer Automaten verstanden werden k{\"o}nnen. von},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {de}
}