@phdthesis{Hauschild2003, author = {Hauschild, Thomas}, title = {Computer Supported Cooperative Work-Applikationen in der Bauwerksplanung auf Basis einer integrierten Bauwerksmodellverwaltung}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.64}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040311-672}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Konzeption und prototypische Umsetzung von Techniken des Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) im Rahmen einer integrierten objektorientierten und dynamischen Bauwerksmodellverwaltung zur Unterst{\"u}tzung der Bauwerksplanung. Die Planung von Bauwerken ist durch einen hohen Grad an Arbeitsteiligkeit, aber auch durch eine schwache Strukturierung der ablaufenden Prozesse gekennzeichnet. Besonders durch den Unikatcharakter des Planungsgegenstands \'Bauwerk\' ergeben sich signifikante Unterschiede zum Entwurf anderer, durch Serienfertigung produzierter Industrieg{\"u}ter. Zunehmend wird die Planung von Bauwerken in Virtual Enterprises ausgef{\"u}hrt, die sich durch eine dynamische Organisationsstruktur, geographische Verteilung der Partner, schwer normierbare Informationsfl{\"u}sse und eine h{\"a}ufig stark heterogene informationstechnische Infrastruktur auszeichnen. Zur rechnerinternen Repr{\"a}sent! ation des Planungsgegenstands haben sich objektorientierte Bauwerksmodelle bew{\"a}hrt. Aufgrund der Ver{\"a}nderlichkeit der Bauwerke und deren rechnerinterner Repr{\"a}sentation im Laufe des Bauwerkslebenszyklus ist eine dynamische Anpassung der Modelle unumg{\"a}nglich. Derartige in Form von Taxonomien dargestellte dynamische Bauwerksmodellstrukturen k{\"o}nnen gemeinsam mit den in Instanzform vorliegenden konkreten Projektinformationen in entsprechenden Modellverwaltungssystemen (MVS) gehandhabt werden. Dabei wird aufgrund der Spezialisierung und Arbeitsteilung im Planungsprozess von einer inhaltlich verkn{\"u}pften Partialmodellstruktur, die r{\"a}umlich verteilt sein kann, ausgegangen. Die vorgeschlagenen Methoden zur Koordinierung der Teamarbeit in der Bauwerksplanung beruhen auf der Nutzung von CSCW-Techniken f{\"u}r \'Gemeinsame Informationsr{\"a}ume\' und \'Workgroup Computing\', die im Kontext der als Integrationsbasis fungierenden Modellverwaltungssysteme umgesetzt werden. Dazu werden die zur d! ynamischen Bauwerksmodellierung erforderlichen Metaebenenfunk! tionalit{\"a}ten sowie Ans{\"a}tze zur Implementierung von Modellverwaltungskernen systematisiert. Ebenso werden notwendige Basistechniken f{\"u}r die Realisierung von MVS untersucht und eine Architektur zur rollenspezifischen Pr{\"a}sentation dynamischer Modellinhalte vorgestellt. Da klassische Schichtenmodelle nicht auf die Verh{\"a}ltnisse in Virtual Enterprises angewendet werden k{\"o}nnen, wird eine physische Systemarchitektur mit einem zentralen Projektserver, Dom{\"a}nenservern und Dom{\"a}nenclients vorgestellt. Ebenso werden Techniken zur Sicherung des autorisierten Zugriffs sowie des Dokumentencharakters beschrieben. Zur Unterst{\"u}tzung der asynchronen Phasen der Kooperation wird der gemeinsame Informationsraum durch Mappingtechniken zur Propagation und Notifikation von {\"A}nderungsdaten bez{\"u}glich relevanter Modellinformationen erg{\"a}nzt. Zur Unterst{\"u}tzung synchroner Phasen werden Techniken zur Schaffung eines gemeinsamen Kontexts durch relaxierte WYSIWIS-Pr{\"a}sentationen auf Basis der Modellinformationen! verbunden mit Telepresence-Techniken vorgestellt. Weiterhin werden Methoden zur Sicherung der Group-Awareness f{\"u}r alle Kooperationsphasen betrachtet.}, subject = {Computer Supported Cooperative Work}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HauschildBorrmannHuebler2004, author = {Hauschild, Thomas and Borrmann, Andr{\´e} and H{\"u}bler, Reinhard}, title = {Integration of Constraints into Digital Building Models for Cooperative Planning Processes}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.177}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1775}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The uniqueness and the long life cycle of buildings imply a dynamically modifiable building model. The technological foundation for the management of digital building models, a dynamic model management system (MMS), developed by our research group, allows to explicitly access and to modify the object model of the stored planning data. In this paper, the integration of constraints in digital building models will be shown. Constraints are conditions, which apply to the instances of domain model classes, and are defined by the user at runtime of the information system. For the expression of constraints, the Constraint Modelling Language (CML) has been developed and will be described in this paper. CML is a powerful, intuitively usable object-oriented language, which allows the expression of constraints at a high semantic level. A constrained-enabled MMS can verify, whether an instance fulfils the applying constraints. To ensure flexibility, the evaluation of constraints is not implicitly performed by the systems, but explicitly initiated by the user. A classification of constraint types and example usage scenarios are given.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{vanRooyenOlivier2004, author = {van Rooyen, G.C. and Olivier, A. H.}, title = {Notes on structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.145}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1451}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The worldwide growth of communication networks and associated technologies provide the basic infrastructure for new ways of executing the engineering process. Collaboration amongst team members seperated in time and location is of particular importance. Two broad themes can be recognized in research pertaining to distributed collaboration. One theme focusses on the technical and technological aspects of distributed work, while the other emphasises human aspects thereof. The case of finite element structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory is examined in this paper. An approach is taken which has its roots in human aspects of the structural analysis task. Based on experience of how structural engineers currently approach and execute this task while utilising standard software designed for use on local workstations only, criteria are stated for a software architechture that could support collaborative structural analysis. Aspects of a pilot application and the results of qualitative performance measurements are discussed.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MilesJoitaBurnap2004, author = {Miles, John and Joita, Liviu and Burnap, Peter}, title = {Collaborative Engineering: Virtual Teams in a Grid Environment Supporting Consortia in the Construction Industry}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.136}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1362}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In the AEC (Architecture / Engineering / Construction) industry a number of individuals and organisations collaborate and work jointly on a construction project. The resulting consortium has large pool of expertise and experience and can be defined as a Virtual Organisation (VO) formed for the duration of the project. VOs are electronically networked organisations where IT and web based communication technology play an important role in coordinating various activities of these organisations. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of a Grid enabled application called the Product Supplier Catalogue Database (PSCD) which supports collaborative working in consortia. As part of the Grid-enabling process, specialised metadata is being developed to enable PSCD to effectively utilise Grid middleware such as Globus and Java CoG toolkits. We also describe our experience whilst designing, developing and deploying the security service of the application using the Globus Security Interface (GSI).}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Olivier2004, author = {Olivier, A. H.}, title = {An application-centred framework for distributed engineering applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.135}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1353}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The conceptual structure of an application that can support the structural analysis task in a distributed collaboratory is described in (van Rooyen and Olivier 2004). The application described there has a standalone component for executing the finite element method on a local workstation in the absence of network access. This application is comparable to current, local workstation based finite element packages. However, it differs fundamentally from standard packages since the application itself, and its objects, are adapted to support distributed execution of the analysis task. Basic aspects of an object-oriented framework for the development of applications which can be used in similar distributed collaboratories are described in this paper. An important feature of this framework is its application-centred design. This means that an application can contain any number of engineering models, where the models are formed by the collection of objects according to semantic views within the application. This is achieved through very flexible classes Application and Model, which are described in detail. The advantages of the application-centred design approach is demonstrated with reference to the design of steel structures, where the finite element analysis model, member design model and connection design model interact to provide the required functionality.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TonnWolkowiczThurow2004, author = {Tonn, Christian and Wolkowicz, Christian and Thurow, Torsten}, title = {Plausibility in Architectural Design - DOMEdesign - Software Support for the formal shaping and architect-oriented design of shell structures}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.181}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1812}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Complex gridshell structures used in architecturally ambitious constructions remain as appealing as ever in the public realm. This paper describes the theory and approach behind the software realisation of a tool which helps in finding the affine self-weight geometry of gridshell structures. The software tool DOMEdesign supports the formal design process of lattice and grid shell structures based upon the laws of physics. The computer-aided simulation of suspension models is used to derive structurally favourable forms for domes and arches subject to compression load, based upon the input of simple architectonic parameters. Irregular plans, three-dimensional topography, a choice different kinds of shell lattice structures and the desired height of the dome are examples of design parameters which can be used to modify the architectural design. The provision of data export formats for structural dimensioning and visualisation software enables engineers and planners to use the data in future planning and to communicate the design to the client.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GebbekenBaumhauerIonita2004, author = {Gebbeken, Norbert and Baumhauer, Andreas and Ionita, Mihai}, title = {Increasing the Reliability and Performance through Automatization and Parallel Working}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.139}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1397}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Re-examination of the behaviour of structures can be necessary due to deterioration or changes in the traffic situation during their lifetime. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used in order to accomplish numerical analysis. Considering the development of computer performance, more detailed FEM models can be analyzed, even on site, with mobile computers. To compensate the increasing amount of data needed for the model input, measures need to be taken to save time, by distributing the work. In order to provide consistency to the model, fedback data must be checked upon reception. A local wireless computer network of ultra-portable devices linked together with a computer can provide the coordination necessary for efficient parallel working. Based on a digital model consisting of all data gathered, structural modelling and numerical analysis are performed automatically. Thus, the user is released from the work that can be automatized and the time needed for the overall analysis of a structure is decreased.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThurowDonath2004, author = {Thurow, Torsten and Donath, Dirk}, title = {A vision of an adaptive geometry model for computer-assisted building surveying}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.172}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1722}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper describes a concept for the step-by-step computer-aided capture and representation of geometric building data in the context of planning-oriented building surveying. Selected aspects of the concept have been implemented and tested as prototypes. The process of step-by-step capture and representation is determined by the order in which the user experiences the building. Only the information that the user knows (can see) or can reasonably deduce is represented. In addition approaches to the flexible combination of different measuring techniques and geometric abstractions are described which are based upon geodetic computational adjustment.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JianpingDongpingZhiliang2004, author = {Jianping, Zhang and Dongping, Xiang and Zhiliang, Ma}, title = {A survey on application of information technologies in Chinese construction industry}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.171}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1717}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The construction industry is a supportive industry in China. IT (information technolgy), including computer technology and communication technology, as a whole is regarded as the most important means to upgrade the construction industry so that research projects were organized by Chinese government to further the application of IT in the construction industry. This study originated from one of the projects and is aimed at grasping the general situation on the application of IT in the construction industry. A questionnaire was designed for the survey, which used stratified proportional sampling method, and was carried out under the help of a government agency. This study can not only provide sound foundation for the government to make relative policies, but also reveal references for the firms in construction industry to apply IT in their business. This paper presents the preliminary result of the survey.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LehnerHartmann2004, author = {Lehner, Karlheinz and Hartmann, Dietrich}, title = {Scenarios for the deployment of distributed engineering applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.147}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1476}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Although there are some good reasons to design engineering software as a stand-alone application for a single computer, there are also numerous possibilities for creating distributed engineering applications, in particular using the Internet. This paper presents some typical scenarios how engineering applications can benefit from including network capabilities. Also, some examples of Internet-based engineering applications are discussed to show how the concepts presented can be implemented.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann2004, author = {Hartmann, Ulrich C.}, title = {Collaboration in AEC Design : Web-enabling Applications using Peer-to-Peer Office Communicator}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.138}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1386}, year = {2004}, abstract = {A market analysis conducted by Gartner Dataquest in August 2001 has shown the typical characteristics of the AEC design process. High volatility in membership of AEC design groups and members dispersed over several external offices is the common collaboration scenario. Membership is most times short lived, compared to the overall duration of the process. A technical solution has to take that into account by making joining and leaving a collaborative work group very easy. The modelling of roles of collaboration between group members must be based on a commonly understood principle like the publisher / subscriber model, where the individual that is responsible for the distribution of vital information is clear. Security issues and trust in the confidentiality of the system is a central concern for the acceptance of the system. Therefore, keeping the subset of data that will be published under the absolute control of the publisher is a must. This is not the case with server-based scenarios, sometimes even due to psychological reasons. A loosely bound Peer-to-Peer network offers advantages over a server-based solution, because of less administrative overhead and simple installation procedures. In a peer-to-peer environment, a publish/subscribe role model can be more easily implemented. The publish/subscribe model matches the way AEC processes are modelled in real world scenarios today, where legal proof of information exchange between external offices is of high importance. Workflow management systems for small to midsize companies of the AEC industry may adopt the peer-to-peer approach to collaboration in the future. Further investigations are being made on the research level (WINDS) by integrating the viewer and redlining application Collaborate! into a collaborative environment.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MilesTaylorAnumba2004, author = {Miles, John and Taylor, Mark and Anumba, Chimay}, title = {VRML Virtual Worlds - An Alternative to the Desktop Metaphor for GUI's?}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.185}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1855}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Metaphors are commonly used by software developers in the creation of GUI's. This paper looks at the use of multi-user VRML to create virtual metaphors, developing a conceptual design tool that can be used intuitively with little or no training.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KangLhoKim2004, author = {Kang, Julian and Lho, Byeong-Cheol and Kim, Jeong-Hoon}, title = {XML-based Vector Graphics: Application for Web-based Design Automation}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.187}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1872}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Most retaining walls and box culverts built for arterial road construction are simple, and the design process of these structures is often repetitive and labor-intensive because they are so similar in structural configuration. Although some integrated design automation systems developed for retaining walls and box culverts have expedited the design process of these structures, the process of collecting and distributing the resultant engineering documents has not been fully integrated with the computer applications. We have been developing a Web-based design automation system to manage the resultant documents as well as to speed up the repetitive design process. Manipulation of engineering drawings in the Web page is one of the critical functions needed for Web-based design automation. eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and XML-based vector graphics are expected to facilitate the representation of engineering drawings in the Web page. In this paper, we present how we used XML and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) to compose engineering drawings and represent them in the Web page. XML Data Island we designed to define drawing components turned out effective in manipulating the engineering drawings in the Web page.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Molkenthin2004, author = {Molkenthin, Frank}, title = {Web-based Collaborative Engineering based on Information Sharing - HydroWeb: An Education Experiment in the Internet}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.186}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1869}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper describes the concept and experiences of the international Open Distance Learning Course 'HydroWeb'. This course deals with the introduction of Web-based Collaborative Engineering in standard education programmes of water related engineering and civil engineering based on information sharing. Organized under the umbrella of IAHR and ETNET21 this course is collaboration from several universities from all over the world. Started in 1999 the course demonstrates the potential and innovative opportunities of Web-Technology in education, research and engineering: Students from the different partner universities form small distributed teams to solve a given engineering problem in a time window of two weeks. To overcome the spatial distribution the students apply modern Web technology such as video conferencing, application sharing and document management. All results as well as the final reports are presented as Web document on a shared Web-based project platform (http://www.hydro-web.org). Besides the experiences to apply standard Web tools and working methods based on information sharing instead the conventional information exchange in the daily engineering work the students improve their soft skills operate successfully in international and interdisciplinary project environments as part of the 'Technical Culture' of nowadays.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AldaCremersBilek2004, author = {Alda, Sascha and Cremers, Armin B. and Bilek, Jochen}, title = {Support of Collaborative Structural Design Processes through the Integration of Peer-to-Peer and Multiagent Architectures}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.148}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1481}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Structural engineering projects are increasingly organized in networked cooperations due to a permanently enlarged competition pressure and a high degree of complexity while performing the concurrent design activities. Software that intends to support such collaborative structural design processes implicates enormous requirements. In the course of our common research work, we analyzed the pros and cons of the application of both the peer-to-peer (University of Bonn) and multiagent architecture style (University of Bochum) within the field of collaborative structural design. In this paper, we join the benefits of both architecture styles in an integrated conceptual approach. We demonstrate the surplus value of the integrated multiagent-peer-to-peer approach by means of an example scenario in which several structural engineers are co-operatively designing the basic structural elements of an arched bridge, applying heterogeneous CAD systems.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EslimyIsfahanyPegels2004, author = {Eslimy-Isfahany, S. H. R. and Pegels, Georg}, title = {Net-distributed Co-operation Including Developing Countries, Practical Case Study - Iran}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.142}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1421}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The scientific transfer of key technology features to developing countries, together with adequate competence, localisation and adaptation, is the primary purpose of the proposed investigation. It is evident that introducing high-level CAD design and detailing will improve the planning process in developing countries. Successful utilization of applied information technology for the planning process, however, depends on the user-interface of individual software. Therefore, to open the great opportunity embedded in CAD software for clients globally, the language and character-set barrier of traditional user-interfaces must be overcome. A proposal for a research program is given here to address such issue in favour of global civil engineering.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MundaniBungartz2004, author = {Mundani, Ralf-Peter and Bungartz, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Octrees for Cooperative Work in a Network-Based Environment}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.146}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1460}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Assuring global consistency in a cooperative working environment is the main focus of many nowaday research projects in the field of civil engineering and others. In this paper, a new approach based on octrees will be discussed. It will be shown that by the usage of octrees not only the management and control of processes in a network-based working environment can be optimised but also an efficient integration platform for processes from various disciplines - such as architecture and civil engineering - can be provided. By means of an octree-based collision detection resp. consistency assurance a client-server-architecture will be described as well as sophisticated information services for a further support of cooperative work.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WellmannJelicBaitschHartmann2004, author = {Wellmann Jelic, Andres and Baitsch, Matthias and Hartmann, Dietrich}, title = {Distributed computing of failure probabilities for structures in civil engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.103}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1030}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In this contribution the software design and implementation of an analysis server for the computation of failure probabilities in structural engineering is presented. The structures considered are described in terms of an equivalent Finite Element model, the stochastic properties, like e.g. the scatter of the material behavior or the incoming load, are represented using suitable random variables. Within the software framework, a Client-Server-Architecture has been implemented, employing the middleware CORBA for the communication between the distributed modules. The analysis server offers the possibility to compute failure probabilities for stochastically defined structures. Therefore, several different approximation (FORM, SORM) and simulation methods (Monte Carlo Simulation and Importance Sampling) have been implemented. This paper closes in showing several examples computed on the analysis server.}, subject = {Konzipieren }, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ElRayesKandil2004, author = {El-Rayes, Khaled and Kandil, Amr}, title = {Distributed Computing for the Optimization of Large-Scale Construction Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.160}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1601}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Available construction time-cost trade-off analysis models can be used to generate trade-offs between these two important objectives, however, their application is limited in large-scale construction projects due to their impractical computational requirements. This paper presents the development of a scalable and multi-objective genetic algorithm that provides the capability of simultaneously optimizing construction time and cost large-scale construction projects. The genetic algorithm was implemented in a distributed computing environment that utilizes a recent standard for parallel and distributed programming called the message passing interface (MPI). The performance of the model is evaluated using a set of measures of performance and the results demonstrate the capability of the present model in significantly reducing the computational time required to optimize large-scale construction projects.}, subject = {Baubetrieb}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PengLawLau2004, author = {Peng, Jun and Law, Kincho and Lau, Gloria}, title = {Internet-Enabled Software Model for Nonlinear Structural Analysis and Simulations}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.105}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1057}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper describes an Internet-enabled software model that could facilitate the development and utilization of nonlinear structural analysis programs. The software model allows users easy access to the analysis core program and the analysis results by using a web-browser or other application programs. In addition, new and legacy codes can be incorporated as distributed services and be integrated with the software framework from disparate sites. A distributed project management system, taking advantages of Internet and database technologies, is implemented to store and manage model information and simulation results. Nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulations of a bridge structure is performed to illustrate the facilities of the Internet-enabled software model.}, subject = {Konzipieren }, language = {en} }