@phdthesis{Everts,
  author    = {Everts, Lotte},
  title     = {"Hey! I'm an Angel!" Zum Verh{\"a}ltnis von Medium, Subjekt und Wirklichkeit in Eija-Liisa Ahtilas Videoinstallationen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3947},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20190730-39471},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {229},
  abstract  = {Die Dissertation „Hey! I'm an Angel! Zum Verh{\"a}ltnis von Medium, Subjekt und Wirklichkeit in Eija-Liisa Ahtilas Videoinstallationen" untersucht in der Hauptsache vier zentrale Videoinstallationen Ahtilas aus den Jahren 1995 bis 2014. Grundlegend ist die These, dass Ahtilas Arbeiten nicht, wie bisher angenommen, in den Kontext einer medien-, erkenntnis- und subjektkritischen Videokunst einzuordnen sind. Stattdessen werden sie als mediale Vehikel intersubjektiv gepr{\"a}gter Wirklichkeitserfahrungen f{\"u}r das Subjekt bereitgestellt: Entgegen dem aktuellen Forschungsstand arbeitet sich Ahtila nicht an der Kritik des Mediums Film/Video ab, das einen wirklichkeitsverf{\"a}lschenden oder -ersetzenden Einfluss auf das manipulierte Subjekt nimmt. Vielmehr nutzt die K{\"u}nstlerin das Potenzial des Mediums Film/Video aus, um einem relativ stabilen Subjekt die Wirklichkeitserfahrungen Anderer zu {\"o}ffnen und auf diese Weise seinen Erfahrungshorizont zu erweitern. Der systematische Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt erstens darauf, ein sich durch Ahtilas bisheriges Schaffen ziehendes ‚Ziel' der Integration der Betrachterin in eine intersubjektive Erfahrungssph{\"a}re nachvollziehbar zu machen. Hierf{\"u}r wird insbesondere eine Perspektive auf die fr{\"u}hen Arbeiten entwickelt, in der die Br{\"u}che in Ahtila Arbeiten integrative statt distanzierende Wirkung haben. Zweitens wird in eingehenden Analysen der Wandel verst{\"a}ndlich, der sich zwischen Ahtilas fr{\"u}her Schaffensphase (1995 - 2002) und der aktuellen Schaffensphase (seit 2010) hinsichtlich der Art und Weise vollzieht, wie diese Integration gelingt. Es zeigt sich, dass der Einstieg in die intersubjektiv gepr{\"a}gten Erfahrungssph{\"a}ren in der fr{\"u}hen Phase {\"a}sthetisch konstituiert ist. Mit der aktuellen Schaffensphase werden hingegen allt{\"a}gliche Formen der Empathie und Mimesis zentral, sowie deren leibliche Konsequenzen f{\"u}r die Betrachterin. Drittens wird eine zunehmende pragmatische Tendenz darin deutlich, die Integration der Betrachterin in die Erfahrungen Anderer zu erm{\"o}glichen. Dies wird vor dem Hintergrund eines allgemeinen pragmatischen Zuges aktueller zeitgeistiger Bewegungen erl{\"a}utert. Viertens wird gezeigt, dass Ahtilas Arbeiten auf der Annahme einer Kontinuit{\"a}t in gewisser Hinsicht von der außerfilmischen Wirklichkeit in die filmische Fiktion hinein basieren, sowie auf dem Verst{\"a}ndnis filmischer Fiktionen als virtuelle Weltfassungen. Ahtila fragt auf der Grundlage dieses Verst{\"a}ndnisses filmischer Fiktion nicht nach der Wahrheit dieser Fiktion als These {\"u}ber die Wirklichkeit, wie es dem Forschungskanon {\"u}ber die K{\"u}nstlerin zu entnehmen ist. Sondern nach der Wirksamkeit der filmischen Fiktion f{\"u}r die Wirklichkeit.},
  subject      = {Videokunst},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Smirnova,
  author    = {Smirnova, Elena},
  title     = {"Kennst du das Land, wo bl{\"u}ht Oranienbaum?" - A Case Study on Strategic and Territorial Planning in St. Petersburg (Russia)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3255},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170711-32556},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  abstract  = {The research examines the system of strategic and territorial planning of St. Petersburg focusing on Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) as its case study. The study provides the analysis of the planning documentation developed for the city in the post-Soviet period. In particular, it elaborates on the currently enforced Strategy of Economic and Social Development of St. Petersburg-2030 (2014) and the City General Plan (2005), discussing the aspects of their development and implementation, as well as complex interrelation. Thereby, peculiarities of the spatial development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration are also investigated, elaborating on the state policy on agglomerations, historic development of St. Petersburg and relations with the Leningrad Region, governance and imbalances of the St. Petersburg spatial development, including proposed development scenarios. Consequently, the study employs a highly indicative case of the Lomonosov town municipal unit aiming to illustrate the practical implementation of administrative, territorial and strategic policies in a given context within a system of the state planning adopted in St. Petersburg, in particular, taking into consideration recently proclaimed necessity for the transition to a polycentric city model following an innovative scenario for the socioeconomic and spatial development. In particular, Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) is explored egarding its current socio-economic situation and development scenarios: industrial site and cultural tourism. The Oranienbaum museum and nature-reserve is also thoroughly assessed with regard to its cultural tourism potential. Finally, the urban environment of Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) is comprehensively scrutinized in terms of its historic development, residential housing typology, UNESCO World Heritage preservation and local urban heritage. In conclusion, the data on Lomonosov present in the St. Petersburg strategic and territorial planning documents is provided.},
  subject      = {Lomonossow},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ma2006,
  author    = {Ma, Hang},
  title     = {"Villages" in Shenzhen- Persistence and Transformation of an Old Social System in an Emerging Megacity},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.771},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060806-8094},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In the history of 'villages' in Shenzhen, rich traditional cultural resources that are directly related to the folk life in urban corporate community still exist today, synchronously agricultural economy of urban corporate community is transformed into joint-stock economy, and natural villages are transformed into 'heterogeneous' space of city. The most significant fact in the modern social transition is that modern societies have surpassed traditional societies, and cities have surpassed the country. Weber, Durkheim, T{\"o}nnies, Simmel and others devoted themselves to cultivating the essence of social transition. The most influential theory to observe and analyze it is the two-tiered approach of ideal type. T{\"o}nnies made distinction between 'Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft', Durkheim distinguished 'mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity', and Redfield analyzed 'folk society and urban society'. In those classical theories, the former transit to the later is considered to be a general rule of transition from traditional society to modern society, and from traditional community to modern community. However, ever since Redfield used the dependent relationship and interactive framework of 'great tradition' and 'little tradition' to explain various complicated phenomena in the transition from tradition to modern in 1950s, he suggested that a folk-urban continuum can be formed in the transition from folk society to urban society. 'Both terms, 'city' and 'country', are not and have never been limited or restricted to their obvious denotations: 'city' is not and has never been only urban. As a category it always encompasses (includes, embodies, embraces) itself and its opposite, the country' (Hassenpflug 2002, 46). Generally, social groups and culture characterized by weak 'potential' will take their own 'little tradition' as 'bridge' and agency, in order to enter or melt themselves into a 'great tradition' that embodies great 'potential' to seek for space to live and develop. There are many different types of transitions that villagers enter and get melt into 'great tradition' through their individual 'little tradition'. There are exploration and development of traditional resources in 'segmentation', such as the frequent relation between a great flow of peasants to cities and the network of kinship, and of earthbound relations; alternatively, there are assistances and utilization of resources of a whole corporate network, such as the traditional corporate community's organization of local resources during the process of non-agriculturization of villages; and 'villages' in Shenzhen is of the latter situation. The following conclusion can be made based on the above analyses: urban corporate community formed in the process of non-agricultural development and urbanization is an organizing dependency on which villagers melt into city and adapt to urban life. The unique inner-structure and function determine that comparing with other organizations, it has a better performance, efficiency and more humanity care. Firstly, corporate community which is re-organized in the non-agricultural process currently is the only and the most effective organizational resources that can be utilized and has significant meanings in protecting villagers' interest and benefit; secondly, in the short term, other approaches do not have the advantage and the effect as urban corporate community has on the focusing degree of public affairs in the comprehensive urbanization process; thirdly, the 'new' key connotation of urban corporate community, including its community management functions, is the main reason for which such community has the rationality of being; fourthly, urban corporate community will inevitably face many problems in the urbanization due to its inner fixed characteristics (lack of external support), but to a certain degree it has the ability to self-repair and problem solving under the precondition that, the government and society have a fair, impersonal view of 'villages', and base on this view providing multi-supports, especially providing rational system arrangement and policy supports. Consequently, in order to preserve and protect social system and cultural heritage within the 'villages', and gradually make the coordinative development of 'great tradition' represented by cities and of 'little tradition' represented by 'villages', 'soft reconstruction' rather than 'hard reconstruction' should be adopted by the government, during the recent reconstruction of 'villages' in Shenzhen.},
  subject      = {China},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Klose2009,
  author    = {Klose, Alexander},
  title     = {20 Fuß {\"A}quivalent Einheit. Die Herrschaft der Containerisierung},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1426},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20100805-15146},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Container sind nicht nur das bei weitem wichtigste Transportmittel f{\"u}r die allermeisten Waren, mit denen wir tagt{\"a}glich zu tun haben. Container sind, vielleicht wegen ihrer schlichten, klaren Ausdruckskraft, zu dem Symbol der Globalisierung geworden und vieler Ph{\"a}nomene, die man mit dieser Entwicklung in Zusammenhang bringt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein durch und durch ambivalentes Symbol. Container stehen genauso f{\"u}r die beeindruckende Dynamik des modernen Kapitalismus und den ihm trotz aller Krisen zugrunde liegenden Optimismus wie f{\"u}r die {\"A}ngste und Einw{\"a}nde dagegen; gegen die Indifferenz eines rein auf Optimierung ausgelegten logistischen Organisationshandelns und gegen die zwangsweise Ann{\"a}herung und Angleichung ehedem entfernter Weltgegenden durch die exponentielle Vermehrung der Transport- und Kommunikationsvorg{\"a}nge. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt im 20. Jahrhundert. Sie untersucht die (Vor)Geschichte und Theorie des Containers als moderner Kulturtechnik und zentralem Bestandteil eines weltumspannenden logistischen Systems. Und sie zeigt ihn als Element eines Denkens und Organisationshandelns in modularen, beweglichen Raumeinheiten, das sich auch auf viele andere Bereiche außerhalb des Warentransports {\"u}bertragen l{\"a}sst. Daf{\"u}r beschreibt und analysiert sie "Containersituationen" in so unterschiedlichen Feldern wie Handel und Transport, Architektur, Wissenschaften, Kunst und den sozialen Realit{\"a}ten von Migranten und Seeleuten.},
  subject      = {Globalisierung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kunert,
  author    = {Kunert, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {3D Interaction Techniques in Multi-User Virtual Reality : towards scalable templates and implementation patterns for cooperative interfaces},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4296},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201204-42962},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {147},
  abstract  = {Multi-user projection systems provide a coherent 3D interaction space for multiple co-located users that facilitates mutual awareness, full-body interaction, and the coordination of activities. The users perceive the shared scene from their respective viewpoints and can directly interact with the 3D content. This thesis reports on novel interaction patterns for collaborative 3D interaction for local and distributed user groups based on such multi-user projection environments. A particular focus of our developments lies in the provision of multiple independent interaction territories in our workspaces and their tight integration into collaborative workflows. The motivation for such multi-focus workspaces is grounded in research on social cooperation patterns, specifically in the requirement for supporting phases of loose and tight collaboration and the emergence of dedicated orking territories for private usage and public exchange. We realized independent interaction territories in the form of handheld virtual viewing windows and multiple co-located hardware displays in a joint workspace. They provide independent views of a shared virtual environment and serve as access points for the exploration and manipulation of the 3D content. Their tight integration into our workspace supports fluent transitions between individual work and joint user engagement. The different affordances of various displays in an exemplary workspace consisting of a large 3D wall, a 3D tabletop, and handheld virtual viewing windows, promote different usage scenarios, for instance for views from an egocentric perspective, miniature scene representations, close-up views, or storage and transfer areas. This work shows that this versatile workspace can make the cooperation of multiple people in joint tasks more effective, e.g. by parallelizing activities, distributing subtasks, and providing mutual support. In order to create, manage, and share virtual viewing windows, this thesis presents the interaction technique of Photoportals, a tangible interface based on the metaphor of digital photography. They serve as configurable viewing territories and enable the individual examination of scene details as well as the immediate sharing of the prepared views. Photoportals are specifically designed to complement other interface facets and provide extended functionality for scene navigation, object manipulation, and for the creation of temporal recordings of activities in the virtual scene. A further objective of this work is the realization of a coherent interaction space for direct 3D input across the independent interaction territories in multi-display setups. This requires the simultaneous consideration of user input in several potential interaction windows as well as configurable disambiguation schemes for the implicit selection of distinct interaction contexts. We generalized the required implementation structures into a high-level software pattern and demonstrated its versatility by means of various multi-context 3D interaction tools. Additionally, this work tackles specific problems related to group navigation in multiuser projection systems. Joint navigation of a collocated group of users can lead to unintentional collisions when passing narrow scene sections. In this context, we suggest various solutions that prevent individual collisions during group navigation and discuss their effect on the perceived integrity of the travel group and the 3D scene. For collaboration scenarios involving distributed user groups, we furthermore explored different configurations for joint and individual travel. Last but not least, this thesis provides detailed information and implementation templates for the realization of the proposed interaction techniques and collaborative workspaces in scenegraph-based VR systems. These contributions to the abstraction of specific interaction patterns, such as group navigation and multi-window interaction, facilitate their reuse in other virtual reality systems and their adaptation to further collaborative scenarios.},
  subject      = {Virtuelle Realit{\"a}t},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Chen,
  author    = {Chen, Na},
  title     = {A Balance between Ideals and Reality — Establishing and Evaluating a Resilient City Indicator System for Central Chinese Cities},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4030},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191121-40309},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {212},
  abstract  = {Recent years have seen a gradual shift in focus of international policies from a national and regional perspective to that of cities, a shift which is closely related to the rapid urbanization of developing countries. As revealed in the 2011 Revision of the World Urbanization Prospects published by the United Nations, 51\% of the global population (approximately 3.6 billion people) lives in cities. The report predicts that by 2050, the world's urban population will increase by 2.3 billion, making up 68\% of the population. The growth of urbanization in the next few decades is expected to primarily come from developing countries, one third of which will be in China and India. With rapid urbanization and the ongoing growth of mega cities, cities must become increasingly resilient and intelligent to cope with numerous challenges and crises like droughts and floods arising from extreme climate, destruction brought by severe natural disasters, and aggregated social contradictions resulting from economic crises. All cities face the urban development dynamics and uncertainties arising from these problems. Under such circumstances, cities are considered the critical path from crisis to prosperity, so scholars and organizations have proposed the construction of "resilient cities." On the one hand, this theory emphasizes cities' defenses and buffering capacity against disasters, crises and uncertainties, as well as recovery after destruction; on the other hand, it highlights the learning capacity of urban systems, identification of opportunities amid challenges, and maintenance of development vitality. Some scholars even believe that urban resilience is a powerful supplement to sustainable development. Hence, resilience assessment has become the latest and most important perspective for evaluating the development and crisis defense capacity of cities. Rather than a general abstract concept, urban resilience is a comprehensive measurement of a city's level of development. The dynamic development of problems is reflected through quantitative indicators and appraisal systems not only from the perspective of academic research, but also governmental policy, so as to scientifically guide development, and measure and compare cities' development levels. Although international scholars have proposed quantitative methods for urban resilience assessment, they are however insufficiently systematic and regionally adaptive for China's current urban development needs. On the basis of comparative study on European and North American resilient city theories, therefore, this paper puts forwards a theoretical framework for resilient city systems consistent with China's national conditions in light of economic development pressure, natural resource depletion, pollution, and other salient development crises in China. The key factors influencing urban resilience are taken into full consideration; expert appraisal is conducted based on the Delphi Method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to design an extensible and updatable resilient city evaluation system which is sufficiently systematic, geographically adaptable, and sustainable for China's current urban development needs. Finally, Changsha is taken as the main case for empirical study on comprehensive evaluation of similar cities in Central China to improve the indicator system.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lux,
  author    = {Lux, Christopher},
  title     = {A Data-Virtualization System for Large Model Visualization},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1985},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130725-19855},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {211},
  abstract  = {Interactive scientific visualizations are widely used for the visual exploration and examination of physical data resulting from measurements or simulations. Driven by technical advancements of data acquisition and simulation technologies, especially in the geo-scientific domain, large amounts of highly detailed subsurface data are generated. The oil and gas industry is particularly pushing such developments as hydrocarbon reservoirs are increasingly difficult to discover and exploit. Suitable visualization techniques are vital for the discovery of the reservoirs as well as their development and production. However, the ever-growing scale and complexity of geo-scientific data sets result in an expanding disparity between the size of the data and the capabilities of current computer systems with regard to limited memory and computing resources. In this thesis we present a unified out-of-core data-virtualization system supporting geo-scientific data sets consisting of multiple large seismic volumes and height-field surfaces, wherein each data set may exceed the size of the graphics memory or possibly even the main memory. Current data sets fall within the range of hundreds of gigabytes up to terabytes in size. Through the mutual utilization of memory and bandwidth resources by multiple data sets, our data-management system is able to share and balance limited system resources among different data sets. We employ multi-resolution methods based on hierarchical octree and quadtree data structures to generate level-of-detail working sets of the data stored in main memory and graphics memory for rendering. The working set generation in our system is based on a common feedback mechanism with inherent support for translucent geometric and volumetric data sets. This feedback mechanism collects information about required levels of detail during the rendering process and is capable of directly resolving data visibility without the application of any costly occlusion culling approaches. A central goal of the proposed out-of-core data management system is an effective virtualization of large data sets. Through an abstraction of the level-of-detail working sets, our system allows developers to work with extremely large data sets independent of their complex internal data representations and physical memory layouts. Based on this out-of-core data virtualization infrastructure, we present distinct rendering approaches for specific visualization problems of large geo-scientific data sets. We demonstrate the application of our data virtualization system and show how multi-resolution data can be treated exactly the same way as regular data sets during the rendering process. An efficient volume ray casting system is presented for the rendering of multiple arbitrarily overlapping multi-resolution volume data sets. Binary space-partitioning volume decomposition of the bounding boxes of the cube-shaped volumes is used to identify the overlapping and non-overlapping volume regions in order to optimize the rendering process. We further propose a ray casting-based rendering system for the visualization of geological subsurface models consisting of multiple very detailed height fields. The rendering of an entire stack of height-field surfaces is accomplished in a single rendering pass using a two-level acceleration structure, which combines a minimum-maximum quadtree for empty-space skipping and sorted lists of depth intervals to restrict ray intersection searches to relevant height fields and depth ranges. Ultimately, we present a unified rendering system for the visualization of entire geological models consisting of highly detailed stacked horizon surfaces and massive volume data. We demonstrate a single-pass ray casting approach facilitating correct visual interaction between distinct translucent model components, while increasing the rendering efficiency by reducing processing overhead of potentially invisible parts of the model. The combination of image-order rendering approaches and the level-of-detail feedback mechanism used by our out-of-core data-management system inherently accounts for occlusions of different data types without the application of costly culling techniques. The unified out-of-core data-management and virtualization infrastructure considerably facilitates the implementation of complex visualization systems. We demonstrate its applicability for the visualization of large geo-scientific data sets using output-sensitive rendering techniques. As a result, the magnitude and multitude of data sets that can be interactively visualized is significantly increased compared to existing approaches.},
  subject      = {Computer Graphics},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hanko2007,
  author    = {Hanko, Johanne},
  title     = {A decision-making tool for the selection of an appropriate integrated MSW management system for tropical Asian cities; the case of Bangkok},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.635},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20071213-10034},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Einf{\"u}hrung Tropische asiatische Entwicklungs- und Schwellenl{\"a}nder zeigten rasches st{\"a}dtisches Wachstum dadurch, dass Bauern einwanderten, um ein besseres Leben in der Stadt zu suchen. Dadurch ergab sich in vielen St{\"a}dten ein Mangel an geeigneter Infrastruktur und an sozialen Diensten. Die st{\"a}dtische M{\"u}llversorgung bildet keine Ausnahme; sie wird sogar oft an das Ende der Prio-rit{\"a}tenliste f{\"u}r st{\"a}dtische Aufgabenpl{\"a}ne gestellt, da dabei zuerst die Gesetze und Verordnun-gen formuliert und umgesetzt werden m{\"u}ssen. Das Problem des nicht entsorgten st{\"a}dtischen M{\"u}lls f{\"u}hrt (mit Sicherheit) zu Luftverschmutzung, Krankheit und zur Verseuchung des Bo-dens und des Wassers. Diese Probleme stehen in tropischen Klimaten im Zusammenhang mit hoher Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit, mit heftigem Regen und mit h{\"a}ufigen {\"U}berschwemmun-gen. Stehendes Wasser und Ausschwemmung aus dem Abfall werden sehr schnell zu Brutst{\"a}t-ten von Insekten, Nagern und Bakterien, und damit zu einer Gesundheitsgefahr f{\"u}r Arbeiter und die allgemeine Bev{\"o}lkerung. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus kann Wasser- und Grundwasserverschmut-zung/Kontamination zu einer ernsten Umweltzerst{\"o}rung f{\"u}hren, mit direkten Auswirkungen auf die Wasserressourcen, und auf raschen Qualit{\"a}tsverlust der pflanzlichen Erzeugnisse, des R{\"u}ckgrates der meisten tropischen asiatischen L{\"a}nder. M{\"u}llentsorgung und die Verantwortlichkeiten Lokale Regierungen m{\"u}ssen die {\"o}ffentliche Gesundheit ihrer lokalen Bev{\"o}lkerung sicherstellen und sind deshalb f{\"u}r die M{\"u}llentsorgung verantwortlich. Asiatische tropische Klimate sich rasch {\"a}ndernde M{\"u}llzusammensetzung machen die M{\"u}llbehandlung und -entsorgung zu einer dauernden Herausforderung der Entscheidungstr{\"a}ger. Vor einer Entscheidung {\"u}ber das ver-wendete Entsorgungssystem muss eine geeignete Abfall-Charakterisierung treten. Diese Cha-rakterisierung liefert Kenntnisse {\"u}ber die Abfallmenge, die Feuchte, den Heizwert und die Menge der verschiedenen Komponenten im Abfallstrom, wie z. B.: organisches Material, Plas-tik, Papier, Karton, Holz, Textilien, Gummi, Leder, Glas, Metalle, Nichtmetalle, Steine und Keramiken. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist die Herausforderung, der sich asiatische L{\"a}nder gegen{\"u}ber se-hen, ein Mangel an Raum und damit wird die Platzierung eine Deponie zunehmend schwierig. Die Abfallwirtschaft ist eine kostenintensive, aber trotzdem notwendige Maßnahme, um das Wohlergehen sowohl der Bev{\"o}lkerung als auch f{\"u}r die Umwelt sicher zu stellen. Es wird ge-sch{\"a}tzt, dass Asien im Jahr 2025 etwa 47 Milliarden US\$ aufwenden muss, um 0,5 bis 1 Kg st{\"a}dtischen M{\"u}ll je Person und Tag abzufahren und zu behandeln, oder 5 US\$ je Kopf und Jahr. In Entwicklungsl{\"a}ndern sind unz{\"a}hlige Leute nicht in der Lage, diese hohen Preise f{\"u}r die Ab-fallentsorgung zu zahlen. Deshalb liegt es in der Verantwortung der Regierung, die Abfallent-sorgung zu betreiben und zu finanzieren, um die Bev{\"o}lkerung, die Gemeinde und die Umwelt zu sch{\"u}tzen. Tropische asiatische St{\"a}dte m{\"u}ssen jetzt bezahlbare und nachhaltige Verfahren f{\"u}r die Entsorgung ihrer zunehmenden Menge t{\"a}glichen Abfalls benennen, wobei gleichzeitig auf minimale Umweltbelastung, auf soziale Akzeptanz und auf minimale Landverbrauch zu achten ist. Eine leicht anwendbare Entscheidungshilfe zur Wahl des geeignetesten Abfallbehandlungs-system der Gemeinde w{\"a}re deshalb sehr n{\"u}tzlich. Proposition Der Zweck dieser Dissertation war die Entwicklung eines nutzerfreundlichen Instrumentariums f{\"u}r das Verwaltungs- und Regierungspersonal in tropischen Entwicklungs- und Schwellenl{\"a}n-der. 1. Diese Vorgehensweise basiert auf einem Netzwerk, das eine Liste ausgew{\"a}hlter entschei-dungsrelevanter Tatsachen in Betracht zieht, die n{\"o}tig sind, um eine informierte Entschei-dung machen zu k{\"o}nnen. Das entscheidungshelfende Verfahren muss von Entscheidungs-tr{\"a}gern bei einer vorl{\"a}ufigen Feststellung des Abfallentsorgungs- und -behandlungssystems f{\"u}r ihre Gemeinde benutzt werden. 2. Tropische asiatische St{\"a}dte m{\"u}ssen eine Reihe von Faktoren ber{\"u}cksichtigen, wenn sie {\"u}ber ihren Abfallwirtschaftsplan entscheiden. Dazu geh{\"o}ren die immerwechselnde Menge und Zusammensetzung des Abfalls infolge der zunehmenden Bev{\"o}lkerungszahl und des Ein-kommens je Kopf, der hohe Feuchtigkeitsgrad, Verbrennungsw{\"a}rme-Werte und die oft be-grenzten finanziellen M{\"o}glichkeiten. 3. Ferner sind gesetzliche, politische, verwaltungstechnische, soziale, finanzielle, {\"o}konomi-sche und technische Faktoren bestimmend. 4. Die Verwaltung muss dabei die Wichtigkeit jedes Teilschrittes der Abfallwirtschaft im Au-ge behalten, also Abfallerzeugung, Sammlung, Transport, Abfallcharakterisierung, Entsor-gung und Behandlung. 5. Die Rolle der lokalen Gemeinden in der Entscheidungsfindung ist nicht hoch genug einzu-sch{\"a}tzen; deshalb m{\"u}ssen Mitglieder der Gemeinde aktiv am Schutz der Umwelt und an der Verhinderung ihrer Zerst{\"o}rung mitwirken. Mehrere Entscheidungshilfsverfahren f{\"u}r ver-schiedene Anwendungen wurden entwickelt. Jedoch zieht die Mehrzahl von ihnen nicht notwendigerweise eine {\"o}ffentliche Teilnahme in Betracht, und sie sind auch nicht benutzer-freundlich. 6. Um die Komplexit{\"a}t der Probleme besser zu verstehen, die bei tropischen asiatischen St{\"a}d-ten auftreten, wurde die Innenstadt von Bangkok, Thailands gr{\"o}ßte Stadt und Hauptstadt, als repr{\"a}sentativer Fall ausgew{\"a}hlt, f{\"u}r die Entsorgung der 9000 t M{\"u}ll der t{\"a}glich produ-ziert wird. Thailands Klima ist, besonders w{\"a}hrend der j{\"a}hrlichen Monsunzeit, heiß und feucht mit einer mittleren Temperatur von 28,4°C und einer Feuchtigkeit zwischen 70 und 100\%. Die Gesetze und Verordnungen zeigen sehr deutlich an, wie wichtig die Behandlung des st{\"a}dtischen Abfalls genommen wird. Zahlreiche Interviews, verbunden mit der Durch-sicht von Dokumenten, Berichten und Ortsbesichtigungen ergaben Kenntnisse der zahlrei-chen Entscheidungsmaßnahmen, denen sich die st{\"a}dtischen Entscheidungstr{\"a}ger einer tro-pischen Stadt gegen{\"u}ber sehen. Die Durchsicht und die Analyse der Entscheidungsmaß-nahmen in Bangkoks Abfallentsorgungsstrategien zeigten, wie das Entscheiden als Werk-zeug in verschiedenen asiatischen tropischen St{\"a}dten benutzt werden kann. 7. Ein Entscheidungsrahmen wurde erstellt auf der Grundlage von Literatur-Recherchen und pers{\"o}nliche Erfahrungen, und anhand der in der Stadt Bangkok gesammelte Daten {\"u}ber-pr{\"u}ft. Die Entscheidungspunkte im Netzwerk umfassen eine allgemeine Beschreibung der Stadt, ihre klimatischen und hydrogeologischen Bedingungen, die Menge und Art des er-zeugten M{\"u}lls, einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die bestehenden Anlagen und die existierenden Pro-gramme, {\"o}ffentliche Aufmerksamkeit zu gewinnen, den sozio{\"o}konomischen Aspekt eines Abfallbehandlungssystems und die {\"o}ffentliche Teilnahme. Es ber{\"u}cksichtigt ferner Ge-sundheits- und Sicherheits{\"u}berlegungen im Zusammenhang mit Abfallentsorgungsm{\"o}g-lichkeiten und ihrer Kosten. 8. Das Entscheidungsinstrumentarium hat als Ziel, ein geeignetes Abfallbehandlungssystem zu erm{\"o}glichen, das als Grundlage soziale, klimatische und technische Informationen be-nutzt. Ihre Einfachheit erlaubt einem Verwaltungspersonal, das wenig Erfahrung mit Ab-fallwirtschaft und Computerwissen besitzt, verschiedene Optionen zu analysieren und Sze-narien auszutesten. Des weiteren werden verschiedene M{\"o}glichkeiten {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, und es wird versucht, die Optionen in die Abfallwirtschaft zu integrieren. 9. Das Instrumentarium beinhaltet {\"u}ber ein Hundert geschlossene Fragen, die auf das Analy-sieren der Bed{\"u}rfnisse und der gegenw{\"a}rtigen Situation der Abfallwirtschaft einer be-stimmten Gesellschaft ausgerichtet sind und die es erm{\"o}glichen, ein geeignetes Abfallwirt-schaftssystem f{\"u}r die entsprechende Gesellschaft zu w{\"a}hlen. Diese Fragen hatten als Grundlage die Rahmen und Eckpunkte des Entscheidungsinstrumentariums. Dieses Instru-mentarium ist selbsterkl{\"a}rend, und gleichzeitig bietet es Flexibilit{\"a}t bei der Entscheidung, um wie viel Prozent des Abfalls wieder verwertet wird, kompostiert oder behandelt durch irgend eine von den sechs Behandlungsoptionen; Kompostierung, Verg{\"a}rung, nicht-Verbrennungssysteme, Verbrennung, Deponierung und Energiegewinnung. 10. Die Ziele eines integrierten Abfallwirtschaftssystems k{\"o}nnen vom Benutzer ge{\"a}ndert und modifiziert werden. Dies erm{\"o}glicht die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung verschiedener Szenarien und die Auswahl des geeignetesten Abfallbehandlungssystems. Das System kann sehr einfach sein und nur ein Behandlungssystem beinhalten oder mit einer Auswahl mehrere Behandlungs-systeme sehr kompliziert sein. In einigen L{\"a}ndern ist es Vorschrift mehrere Systeme anzu-wenden. Integrierte Abfallwirtschaftssysteme, die mindestens zwei oder drei Abfallbe-handlungssysteme beinhalten, sind deshalb gefragt. 11. Die Ziele der Gesellschaft sind ausschlaggebend und sind die Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren f{\"u}r den Entscheidungsprozess. Die Menge der wiederverwertbaren Materialien, die Brauchbarkeit des Komposts, die Interesse an Verg{\"a}rung, die M{\"o}glichkeit einer Verbrennungsanlage, das Verstehen eines nicht-Verbrennungssystems und die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von Land f{\"u}r Deponien, die Notwendigkeit f{\"u}r Elektrizit{\"a}t sind einige Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren die {\"u}berlegt werden m{\"u}s-sen. Integrierte Abfallwirtschaft ist wahrscheinlich die vern{\"u}nftigste Vorgehensweise. Dies erm{\"o}glicht Flexibilit{\"a}t bei Abfallwirtschaftstechniken und erg{\"a}nzt sie gegenseitig. 12. {\"O}ffentliche Verwaltungen k{\"o}nnen DMT als eine erste Bewertung der geeignetesten Tech-nologie benutzen. Des weiteren gibt DMT dem Verwaltungspersonal Flexibilit{\"a}t in ihrer Wahl bez{\"u}glich der Menge an wiederverwertbarem Abfall unter der Anwendung verschie-denen Technologien, welches eine gut konstruiertes und gut integriertes Abfallbehand-lungssystem f{\"u}r die Gesellschaft darstellt. Fazit Das Fazit ist: die Abfallwirtschaft in einem tropischen Schwellenland ist mit bestimmten Her-ausforderungen verbunden, die behandelt werden m{\"u}ssen. {\"O}konomische, technische und sozi-ale Kriterien m{\"u}ssen in Betracht gezogen werden bei der Wahl geeigneter st{\"a}dtischer Abfall-wirtschaftsysteme. Begrenzte finanzielle M{\"o}glichkeiten, Mangel an {\"o}ffentlichem Bewusstsein und ein schwaches Wirtschaftssystem sind manchmal verantwortlich f{\"u}r die Wahl eines schlechtes Abfallbehandlungssystems, mit kurzsichtigen und {\"u}ber die Jahren teuren Entschei-dungen statt langfristigen und vern{\"u}nftigeren Entscheidungen. Wetterbedingungen und die Knappheit an Land in Stadtn{\"a}he sind besondere Herausforderungen. Das Entscheidungsinstru-mentarium DMT macht die Identifizierung von Schl{\"u}sselfragen n{\"o}tig f{\"u}r die Formulierung eines nachhaltigen Abfallwirtschaftskonzepts und f{\"u}r die Wahl eines technisch-, {\"o}konomisch- und sozial-akzeptierbaren Abfallwirtschaftssystems, das besonders geeignet ist f{\"u}r tropische Klimate. Die Ergebnisse der DMT-Daten-Analyse bietet eine faire Auswertung f{\"u}r ein ad{\"a}quates integ-riertes Abfallbehandlungssystems. Wenn einmal ein System identifiziert wurde, werden weitere Studien bez{\"u}glich Umsetzbarkeit und Anwendbarkeit n{\"o}tig sein. Jedoch wird die Notwendig-keit, ausf{\"u}hrliche Studien am multiplen Szenarien durchzuf{\"u}hren, minimiert, was erhebliche Ersparnisse f{\"u}r die Stadtverwaltung bedeutet. Eine Feasibility-Study und ein Masterplan haben zu folgen, um die standortspezifischen und Finanzierungsfragen zu kl{\"a}ren sowie die Auswahl der spezifischen Anlagentechnik zu definieren.},
  subject      = {Abfall},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Nour2006,
  author    = {Nour, Mohamed},
  title     = {A Flexible Model for Incorporating Construction Product Data into Building Information Models},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.740},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060317-7781},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {When considering the integration and interoperability between AEC-FM software applications and construction products' data, it is essential to investigate the state-of-the-art and conduct an extensive review in the literature of both Building Information Models and electronic product catalogues. It was found that there are many reasons and key-barriers that hinder the developed solutions from being implemented. Among the reasons that are attributed to the failure of many previous research projects to achieve this integration aim are the proprietary developments of CAD vendors, the fragmented nature of construction product data i.e. commercial and technical data, the prefabrication versus on-site production, marketing strategies and brand-naming, the referencing of a product to the data of its constituents, availability of life-cycle data in a single point in time where it is needed all over the whole life-cycle of the product itself, taxonomy problems, the inability to extract search parameters from the building information model to participate in the conduction of parametric searches. Finally and most important is keeping the product data in the building information model consistent and up-to-date. Hence, it was found that there is a great potential for construction product data to be integrated to building information models by electronic means in a dynamic and extensible manner that prevents the model from getting obsolete. The study has managed to establish a solution concept that links continually updated and extensible life-cycle product data to a software independent building information model (IFC) all over the life span of the product itself. As a result, the solution concept has managed to reach a reliable building information model that is capable of overcoming the majority of the above mentioned barriers. In the meantime, the solution is capable of referencing, retrieving, updating, and merging product data at any point in time. A distributed network application that represents all the involved parties in the construction product value chain is simulated by real software tools to demonstrate the proof of concept of this research work.},
  subject      = {Produktinformation},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Vogler,
  author    = {Vogler, Verena},
  title     = {A framework for artificial coral reef design: Integrating computational modelling and high precision monitoring strategies for artificial coral reefs - an Ecosystem-aware design approach in times of climate change},
  isbn      = {978-3-00-074495-2},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4611},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220322-46115},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {243},
  abstract  = {Tropical coral reefs, one of the world's oldest ecosystems which support some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet, are currently facing an unprecedented ecological crisis during this massive human-activity-induced period of extinction. Hence, tropical reefs symbolically stand for the destructive effects of human activities on nature [4], [5]. Artificial reefs are excellent examples of how architectural design can be combined with ecosystem regeneration [6], [7], [8]. However, to work at the interface between the artificial and the complex and temporal nature of natural systems presents a challenge, i.a. in respect to the B-rep modelling legacy of computational modelling. The presented doctorate investigates strategies on how to apply digital practice to realise what is an essential bulwark to retain reefs in impossibly challenging times. Beyond the main question of integrating computational modelling and high precision monitoring strategies in artificial coral reef design, this doctorate explores techniques, methods, and linking frameworks to support future research and practice in ecology led design contexts. Considering the many existing approaches for artificial coral reefs design, one finds they often fall short in precisely understanding the relationships between architectural and ecological aspects (e.g. how a surface design and material composition can foster coral larvae settlement, or structural three-dimensionality enhance biodiversity) and lack an integrated underwater (UW) monitoring process. Such a process is necessary in order to gather knowledge about the ecosystem and make it available for design, and to learn whether artificial structures contribute to reef regeneration or rather harm the coral reef ecosystem. For the research, empirical experimental methods were applied: Algorithmic coral reef design, high precision UW monitoring, computational modelling and simulation, and validated through parallel real-world physical experimentation - two Artificial Reef Prototypes (ARPs) in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia (2012-today). Multiple discrete methods and sub techniques were developed in seventeen computational experiments and applied in a way in which many are cross valid and integrated in an overall framework that is offered as a significant contribution to the field. Other main contributions include the Ecosystem-aware design approach, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for coral reef design, algorithmic design and fabrication of Biorock cathodes, new high precision UW monitoring strategies, long-term real-world constructed experiments, new digital analysis methods and two new front-end web-based tools for reef design and monitoring reefs. The methodological framework is a finding of the research that has many technical components that were tested and combined in this way for the very first time. In summary, the thesis responds to the urgency and relevance in preserving marine species in tropical reefs during this massive extinction period by offering a differentiated approach towards artificial coral reefs - demonstrating the feasibility of digitally designing such 'living architecture' according to multiple context and performance parameters. It also provides an in-depth critical discussion of computational design and architecture in the context of ecosystem regeneration and Planetary Thinking. In that respect, the thesis functions as both theoretical and practical background for computational design, ecology and marine conservation - not only to foster the design of artificial coral reefs technically but also to provide essential criteria and techniques for conceiving them. Keywords: Artificial coral reefs, computational modelling, high precision underwater monitoring, ecology in design.},
  subject      = {Korallenriff},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zhang,
  author    = {Zhang, Yongzheng},
  title     = {A Nonlocal Operator Method for Quasi-static and Dynamic Fracture Modeling},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4732},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221026-47321},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  abstract  = {Material failure can be tackled by so-called nonlocal models, which introduce an intrinsic length scale into the formulation and, in the case of material failure, restore the well-posedness of the underlying boundary value problem or initial boundary value problem. Among nonlocal models, peridynamics (PD) has attracted a lot of attention as it allows the natural transition from continuum to discontinue and thus allows modeling of discrete cracks without the need to describe and track the crack topology, which has been a major obstacle in traditional discrete crack approaches. This is achieved by replacing the divergence of the Cauchy stress tensor through an integral over so-called bond forces, which account for the interaction of particles. A quasi-continuum approach is then used to calibrate the material parameters of the bond forces, i.e., equating the PD energy with the energy of a continuum. One major issue for the application of PD to general complex problems is that they are limited to fairly simple material behavior and pure mechanical problems based on explicit time integration. PD has been extended to other applications but losing simultaneously its simplicity and ease in modeling material failure. Furthermore, conventional PD suffers from instability and hourglass modes that require stabilization. It also requires the use of constant horizon sizes, which drastically reduces its computational efficiency. The latter issue was resolved by the so-called dual-horizon peridynamics (DH-PD) formulation and the introduction of the duality of horizons. Within the nonlocal operator method (NOM), the concept of nonlocality is further extended and can be considered a generalization of DH-PD. Combined with the energy functionals of various physical models, the nonlocal forms based on the dual-support concept can be derived. In addition, the variation of the energy functional allows implicit formulations of the nonlocal theory. While traditional integral equations are formulated in an integral domain, the dual-support approaches are based on dual integral domains. One prominent feature of NOM is its compatibility with variational and weighted residual methods. The NOM yields a direct numerical implementation based on the weighted residual method for many physical problems without the need for shape functions. Only the definition of the energy or boundary value problem is needed to drastically facilitate the implementation. The nonlocal operator plays an equivalent role to the derivatives of the shape functions in meshless methods and finite element methods (FEM). Based on the variational principle, the residual and the tangent stiffness matrix can be obtained with ease by a series of matrix multiplications. In addition, NOM can be used to derive many nonlocal models in strong form. The principal contributions of this dissertation are the implementation and application of NOM, and also the development of approaches for dealing with fractures within the NOM, mostly for dynamic fractures. The primary coverage and results of the dissertation are as follows: -The first/higher-order implicit NOM and explicit NOM, including a detailed description of the implementation, are presented. The NOM is based on so-called support, dual-support, nonlocal operators, and an operate energy functional ensuring stability. The nonlocal operator is a generalization of the conventional differential operators. Combining with the method of weighted residuals and variational principles, NOM establishes the residual and tangent stiffness matrix of operate energy functional through some simple matrix without the need of shape functions as in other classical computational methods such as FEM. NOM only requires the definition of the energy drastically simplifying its implementation. For the sake of conciseness, the implementation in this chapter is focused on linear elastic solids only, though the NOM can handle more complex nonlinear problems. An explicit nonlocal operator method for the dynamic analysis of elasticity solid problems is also presented. The explicit NOM avoids the calculation of the tangent stiffness matrix as in the implicit NOM model. The explicit scheme comprises the Verlet-velocity algorithm. The NOM can be very flexible and efficient for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). It's also quite easy for readers to use the NOM and extend it to solve other complicated physical phenomena described by one or a set of PDEs. Several numerical examples are presented to show the capabilities of this method. -A nonlocal operator method for the dynamic analysis of (thin) Kirchhoff plates is proposed. The nonlocal Hessian operator is derived from a second-order Taylor series expansion. NOM is higher-order continuous, which is exploited for thin plate analysis that requires \$C^1\$ continuity. The nonlocal dynamic governing formulation and operator energy functional for Kirchhoff plates are derived from a variational principle. The Verlet-velocity algorithm is used for time discretization. After confirming the accuracy of the nonlocal Hessian operator, several numerical examples are simulated by the nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation. -A nonlocal fracture modeling is developed and applied to the simulation of quasi-static and dynamic fractures using the NOM. The phase field's nonlocal weak and associated strong forms are derived from a variational principle. The NOM requires only the definition of energy. We present both a nonlocal implicit phase field model and a nonlocal explicit phase field model for fracture; the first approach is better suited for quasi-static fracture problems, while the key application of the latter one is dynamic fracture. To demonstrate the performance of the underlying approach, several benchmark examples for quasi-static and dynamic fracture are solved.},
  subject      = {Variationsprinzip},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hollberg,
  author    = {Hollberg, Alexander},
  title     = {A parametric method for building design optimization based on Life Cycle Assessment},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3800},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180928-38000},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {262},
  abstract  = {The building sector is responsible for a large share of human environmental impacts. Architects and planners are the key players for reducing the environmental impacts of buildings, as they define them to a large extent. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) allows for the holistic environmental analysis of a building. However, it is currently not employed to improve the environmental performance of buildings during the design process, although the potential for optimization is greatest there. One main reason is the lack of an adequate means of applying LCA in the architectural design process. As such, the main objective of this thesis is to develop a method for environmental building design optimization that is applicable in the design process. The key concept proposed in this thesis is to combine LCA with parametric design, because it proved to have a high potential for design optimization. The research approach includes the analysis of the characteristics of LCA for buildings and the architectural design stages to identify the research gap, the establishment of a requirement catalogue, the development of a method based on a digital, parametric model, and an evaluation of the method. An analysis of currently available approaches for LCA of buildings indicates that they are either holistic but very complex or simple but not holistic. Furthermore, none of them provide the opportunity for optimization in the architectural design process, which is the main research gap. The requirements derived from the analysis have been summarized in the form of a catalogue. This catalogue can be used to evaluate both existing approaches and potential methods developed in the future. In this thesis, it served as guideline for the development of the parametric method - Parametric Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA). The unique main feature of PLCA is that embodied and operational environmental impact are calculated together. In combination with the self-contained workflow of the method, this provides the basis for holistic, time-efficient environmental design optimization. The application of PLCA to three examples indicated that all established mandatory requirements are met. In all cases, environmental impact could be significantly reduced. In comparison to conventional approaches, PLCA was shown to be much more time-efficient. PLCA allows architects to focus on their main task of designing the building, and finally makes LCA practically useful as one of several criteria for design optimization. With PLCA, the building design can be time-efficiently optimized from the beginning of the most influential early design stages, which has not been possible until now. PLCA provides a good starting point for further research. In the future, it could be extended by integrating the social and economic aspects of sustainability.},
  subject      = {Bauentwurf},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hollberg,
  author    = {Hollberg, Alexander},
  title     = {A parametric method for building design optimization based on Life Cycle Assessment - Appendix},
  series = {A parametric method for building design optimization based on Life Cycle Assessment},
  journal   = {A parametric method for building design optimization based on Life Cycle Assessment},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2688},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20161101-26884},
  abstract  = {The building sector is responsible for a large share of human environmental impacts, over which architects and planners have a major influence. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a method for environmental building design optimization based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that is applicable as part of the design process. The research approach includes a thorough analysis of LCA for buildings in relation to the architectural design stages and the establishment of a requirement catalogue. The key concept of the novel method called Parametric Life Cycle Assessment(PLCA) is to combine LCA with parametric design. The application of this method to three examples shows that building designs can be optimized time-efficiently and holistically from the beginning of the most influential early design stages, an achievement which has not been possible until now.},
  subject      = {{\"O}kobilanz},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{MizrakBilen,
  author    = {Mizrak Bilen, Burcin},
  title     = {A Power-Centered Approach to the Capitalization of Climate Change in Property Sector and Strategic Limitation},
  doi       = {10.25643/BAUHAUS-UNIVERSITAET.3840},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20190107-38406},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {256},
  abstract  = {The capitalization of 'certified' sustainable building sector will be investigated over the power theory of value approach of Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler. The study will be initiated by questioning why the environment problems are one of the first items on the agenda and by sharing the ideas of scholars who approaches the subject skeptically, because the predominant literature underlying the necessity and prominence of the topic is already well-known and adapted by the majority. Over the theory developed by Nitzan and Bichler, the concepts of capitalization, strategic sabotage, power, legitimacy, and obedience will be discussed. The hypothesis of "the absentee owners of the construction sector, holding the whip hand and capitalizing the ecology, control the growth and the creativity of green building production and make it carbon-dependent, in order to increase their profit margin" will be questioned. To strengthen the arguments in the hypothesis, the factors, the institutional arrangements, value measurement methods, which affect directly the net present value, will be investigated both in corporation and in building scale in detail, because net present value/ capitalization is asserted as the most important criteria by Nitzan and Bichler to make the investment decisions in the capitalist economic system. To trace the implications of power and the strategic sabotage that power caused, as the empirical dimension of this dissertation, an interface exploring the correlational ties between the climate responsive architecture and the ever changing political, economical, and social contexts and building economics praxis by decades will be developed and the expert interviews will be conducted with the design teams and the appraisers.},
  subject      = {Klima{\"a}nderung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fauth,
  author    = {Fauth, Judith},
  title     = {A process-oriented decision model for determining the permitability of construction projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4602},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220309-46020},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {325},
  abstract  = {In recent years, the discussion of digitalization has arrived in the media, at conferences, and in committees of the construction and real estate industry. While some areas are producing innovations and some contributors can be described as pioneers, other topics still show deficits with regard to digital transformation. The building permit process can also be counted in this category. Regardless of how architects and engineers in planning offices rely on innovative methods, building documents have so far remained in paper form in too many cases, or are printed out after electronic submission to the authority. Existing resources - for example in the form of a building information model, which could provide support in the building permit process - are not being taken advantage of. In order to use digital tools to support decision-making by the building permit authorities, it is necessary to understand the current situation and to question conditions before pursuing the overall automation of internal authority processes as the sole solution. With a substantive-organizational consideration of the relevant areas that influence building permit determination, an improvement of the building permit procedure within authorities is proposed. Complex areas - such as legal situations, the use of technology, as well as the subjective alternative action - are determined and structured. With the development of a model for the determination of building permitability, both an understanding of influencing factors is conveyed and an increase in transparency for all parties involved is created. In addition to an international literature review, an empirical study served as the research method. The empirical study was conducted in the form of qualitative expert interviews in order to determine the current state in the field of building permit procedures. The collected data material was processed and subsequently subjected to a software-supported content analysis. The results were processed, in combination with findings from the literature review, in various analyses to form the basis for a proposed model. The result of the study is a decision model that closes the gap between the current processes within the building authorities and an overall automation of the building permit review process. The model offers support to examiners and applicants in determining building permit eligibility, through its process-oriented structuring of decision-relevant facts. The theoretical model could be transferred into practice in the form of a web application.},
  subject      = {Baugenehmigung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Sowoidnich,
  author    = {Sowoidnich, Thomas},
  title     = {A Study of Retarding Effects on Cement and Tricalcium Silicate Hydration induced by Superplasticizers},
  isbn      = {978-3-00-052204-8},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2544},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160224-25444},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {214},
  abstract  = {Fließmittel werden in Betonen verwendet, um deren Fließeigenschaften w{\"a}hrend der Verarbeitung zu verbessern und Wasser einzusparen. Beide Faktoren beeinflussen nicht nur den Frischbeton, sondern auch signifikant die Festbetoneigenschaften. Nachteilig wirken sich Fließmittel auf die Festigkeitsentwicklung aus, die z.T. sehr stark verz{\"o}gert wird. Dies ist vor allem bei Bauteilen, die im Rahmen eines Vorfertigungsprozesses hergestellt werden, ein {\"o}konomischer Nachteil. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich den Ursachen f{\"u}r die Verz{\"o}gerung der Portlandzementhydratation bei Verwendung von Fließmitteln. Um die komplexen Reaktionen, die w{\"a}hrend der Portlandzementhydratation auftreten, zu vereinfachen, betrachtet ein {\"u}berwiegender Teil der Arbeit die Wechselwirkung Fließmittel-Tricalciumsilikat (Abk. Ca3SiO5 oder C3S, Hauptbestandteil von Portlandzementklinker). Die Untersuchungen werden in drei Hauptteilen durchgef{\"u}hrt, wobei Methoden wie u.a. isotherme W{\"a}rmeflusskalorimetrie, Elektrische Leitf{\"a}higkeit, Elektronenmikroskopie, ICP-OES, TOC als auch Analytische Ultrazentrifugation Anwendung finden. Basierend auf der Wechselwirkung von Kationen mit anionischen Ladungstr{\"a}gern von Polymeren wird die Interaktion von Calcium mit Fließmitteln im ersten Teil der Arbeit untersucht. Dabei kommt es {\"u}berwiegend zur Komplexierung von Calciumionen durch die funktionellen Gruppen der Plymere (Carboxyl- bzw. Sulfonguppen), die in zement{\"a}ren Umgebungen sowohl gel{\"o}st in der w{\"a}ssrigen Phase als auch als Bestandteil von Partikelgrenzfl{\"a}chen vorhanden sind. Neben diesen Effekten kann auch gezeigt werden, dass Fließmittel die Bildung von nanoskaligen Partikeln hervorrufen, die infolge der sterischen Wirkung von Fließmitteln dispergiert in der w{\"a}ssrigen Phase vorliegen (Clusterbildung). Analog zu neuesten Erkenntnissen aus dem Bereich der Biomineralisation ist daher davon auszugehen, dass diese Nanopartikel durch Agglomeration das Kristallwachtsum beeinflussen. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass die Aufl{\"o}sungs- und/ oder F{\"a}llungskinetik durch die Wirkung von Fließmitteln behindert und damit f{\"u}r den Verz{\"o}gerungseffekt der Fließmittel w{\"a}hrend der komplexen Hydratationsreaktion verantwortlich seien k{\"o}nnen, werden die zugrundeliegenden Vorg{\"a}nge im zweiten Abschnitt getrennt voneinander untersucht. Es wird anhand von L{\"o}sungsuntersuchungen an C-S-H Phasen und Portlandit herausgestellt, dass die Komplexierung von gel{\"o}sten Calciumionen durch funktionelle Gruppen der Polymere die L{\"o}slichkeit von Portlandit erh{\"o}ht. Im Gegensatz f{\"u}hrt die Komplexierung von Calciumionen in der w{\"a}ssrigen Phase zu einer Verringerung der Calciumionenkonzentration in der w{\"a}ssrigen Phase. Diese Effekte werden auf die unterschiedlich starke Adsorptionsneigung der Polymere an C-S-H-Phasen und Portlandit zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Adsorption aufgrund der gr{\"o}ßeren spezifischen Oberfl{\"a}che st{\"a}rker an den C-S-H-Phasen als am Portlandit auftritt. Demnach stellt sich dar, dass die Polymere erst nachdem die funktionellen Gruppen Calciumionen aus der w{\"a}ssrigen Phase komplexiert haben an den C-S-H-Phasen adsorbieren. Weiterhin kann gezeigt werden, dass die freie C3S Aufl{\"o}sungsrate in Anwesenheit von Fließmitteln keinen direkten Zusammenhang zur Verz{\"o}gerung erkennen l{\"a}sst. Teilweise kommt es zu einer in Bezug zur Kontrollprobe ohne Fließmittel erh{\"o}hten sowie auch verringerten Aufl{\"o}sungsrate. Wird das Komplexierungsvem{\"o}gen der Fließmittel ber{\"u}cksichtigt, so kann durchaus eine verlangsamte freie Aufl{\"o}sungsrate ermittelt werden. Doch auch Calcit zeigt einen verz{\"o}gernden Einfluss auf die freie C3S Aufl{\"o}sung, obwohl es den Gesamtprozess der Hydratation signifikant beschleunigt. Somit kann die behinderte Aufl{\"o}sung als m{\"o}gliche Ursache f{\"u}r die verz{\"o}gernde Wirkung w{\"a}hrend der Zementhydratation weder best{\"a}tigt noch widerlegt werden. Dieser Punkt sollte in zuk{\"u}nftigen Arbeiten weiter untersucht werden. Im letzten Schritt dieses Untersuchungsabschnitts wird die reine Kristallisation von C-S-H-Phasen und Portlandit untersucht. Es stellt sich heraus, dass Fließmittel insbesondere durch die Wirkung der Komplexierung von Ionen in der w{\"a}ssrigen Phase sowohl die Induktionszeit verl{\"a}ngern als auch die Kristallwachstumsrate ver{\"a}ndern. Dies allein kann aber nicht die komplette Verz{\"o}gerungswirkung erkl{\"a}ren. Ein wichtiger Verz{\"o}gerungsfaktor ist die Adsorption der Polymere an Kristalloberfl{\"a}chen als auch eine fließmittelbedingte Dispergierung von nanoskaligen Einzelpartikeln, die deren Agglomeration zu Kristallen behindert. Im letzten Hauptuntersuchungsabschnitt werden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auf die w{\"a}hrend der Zement- und Tricalciumsilikathydratation parallel ablaufenden Reaktionen analysiert. Dabei wird insbesondere die ionische Zusammensetzung der w{\"a}ssrigen Phase von C3S Pasten und Suspensionen untersucht, um Hinweise f{\"u}r eine kinetische Hemmung der Hydratationsreaktion zu identifizieren. Zusammenfassend wird festgestellt, dass die Ursachen der verz{\"o}gernden Wirkung von Fließmitteln auf die Hydratation von C3S auf die starke Verz{\"o}gerung der Kristallisation von Hydratphasen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Dabei kommt den zwei Faktoren Komplexierung von Calciumionen an Oberfl{\"a}chen und Stabilisierung von nanoskaligen Partikeln eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Diese Effekte k{\"o}nnen durch die Wirkung als Templat als auch durch Erh{\"o}hung der L{\"o}slichkeit infolge Komplexierung freier/gel{\"o}ster Ionen teilkompensiert werden. Dass die Aufl{\"o}sungsreaktion durch die Anwesenheit von Fließmitteln behindert wird, kann nur indirekt anhand der Entwicklung von Ionenkonzentrationen festgestellt werden. Ob dieser Vorgang die Ursache oder die Folge des L{\"o}sungs-F{\"a}llungs-Mechanismus der Hydratation ist und damit die verz{\"o}gernde Wirkung durch behinderte Aufl{\"o}sung des Edukts hervorgerufen wird, bleibt Gegenstand weiterer Untersuchungen. Im Rahmen der Arbeit kann auch gezeigt werden, dass Fließmittel chemisch als Inhibitoren wirken indem sie den Frequenzfaktor verringern. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird erstmalig eine Methode entwickelt, die die Bestimmung der Ionenkonzentration in Pasten in-situ erlaubt. Mit deren Hilfe wird dargestellt, dass die Entwicklung der Ionenkonzentration als auch die allgemein verwendete W{\"a}rmefreisetzungsrate (Kalorimetrie) miteinander korrespondiert. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus erlaubt die entwickelte Methode die weitere Differenzierung der Accelerationsperiode in drei Stadien. Die Kristallisation von C-S-H-Phasen und Portlandit ist f{\"u}r den Beginn der Haupthydratationsperiode entscheidend.},
  subject      = {Cement},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Winkel,
  author    = {Winkel, Benjamin},
  title     = {A three-dimensional model of skeletal muscle for physiological, pathological and experimental mechanical simulations},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4300},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201211-43002},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  abstract  = {In recent decades, a multitude of concepts and models were developed to understand, assess and predict muscular mechanics in the context of physiological and pathological events. Most of these models are highly specialized and designed to selectively address fields in, e.g., medicine, sports science, forensics, product design or CGI; their data are often not transferable to other ranges of application. A single universal model, which covers the details of biochemical and neural processes, as well as the development of internal and external force and motion patterns and appearance could not be practical with regard to the diversity of the questions to be investigated and the task to find answers efficiently. With reasonable limitations though, a generalized approach is feasible. The objective of the work at hand was to develop a model for muscle simulation which covers the phenomenological aspects, and thus is universally applicable in domains where up until now specialized models were utilized. This includes investigations on active and passive motion, structural interaction of muscles within the body and with external elements, for example in crash scenarios, but also research topics like the verification of in vivo experiments and parameter identification. For this purpose, elements for the simulation of incompressible deformations were studied, adapted and implemented into the finite element code SLang. Various anisotropic, visco-elastic muscle models were developed or enhanced. The applicability was demonstrated on the base of several examples, and a general base for the implementation of further material models was developed and elaborated.},
  subject      = {Biomechanik},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Borth2002,
  author    = {Borth, Olaf},
  title     = {Absch{\"a}tzung der Tragf{\"a}higkeit von Queranschl{\"u}ssen an Tr{\"a}gern aus Voll- und Brett-schichtholz im Rahmen der Linear-Elastischen Bruchmechanik},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.23},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040212-250},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {In der Arbeit werden M{\"o}glichkeiten aufgezeigt, die Tragf{\"a}higkeit von Queranschl{\"u}ssen an Tr{\"a}gern aus Voll- und Brettschichtholz abzusch{\"a}tzen. Die Tragf{\"a}higkeit dieser Anschl{\"u}sse wird nicht allein durch die Tragf{\"a}higkeit der mechanischen Verbindungsmittel selbst begrenzt. Die Tragf{\"a}higkeit der Verbindungsmittel wird in dieser Arbeit a priori als hinreichend betrachtet. Sie kann z. B. nach der Theorie von JOHANSEN bestimmt werden. Insbesondere bei solchen Anschl{\"u}ssen, welche unterhalb der Schwerachse von Tr{\"a}gern angeordnet sind, erzeugen die durch die Verbindungsmittel eingeleiteten Lasten Beanspruchungen, welche die Tragf{\"a}higkeiten dieser Anschl{\"u}sse bestimmen. Die Absch{\"a}tzung der Tragf{\"a}higkeit auf der Basis von Spannungen hat bei dieser Problemstellung methodische Schw{\"a}chen. Bauteile aus Holz k{\"o}nnen unter Gebrauchsbedingungen rißbehaftet sein. Mit den Methoden der Linear-Elastischen Bruchmechanik kann die Tragf{\"a}higkeit von rißbehafteten Bauteilen beurteilt werden. Es werden wegen der Vielzahl m{\"o}glicher Ausf{\"u}hrungvarianten lediglich Anschl{\"u}sse betrachtet, welche mit stiftf{\"o}rmigen Verbindungsmitteln hergestellt werden. Zur Bestimmung bruchmechanischer Kennwerte werden numerische Methoden angewendet. Es werden wichtige Parameter dieser Anschl{\"u}sse untersucht und hinsichtlich ihrer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung im Rechenmodell bewertet. Zur Verifizierung des Rechenmodells werden Vergleiche mit experimentellen Untersuchungen anderer Wissenschaftler angestellt. Der Einsatz verschiedener Versagenskriterien wird diskutiert. Schließlich wird ein formaler Zusammenhang zur Absch{\"a}tzung der Tragf{\"a}higkeit f{\"u}r einzelne Verbindungsmittel hergestellt. Weiterhin wird die Tragf{\"a}higkeit von praxis{\"u}blichen Anschl{\"u}ssen anhand einfacher Zusammenh{\"a}nge aufgezeigt.},
  subject      = {Tr{\"a}ger},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Luther2010,
  author    = {Luther, Torsten},
  title     = {Adaptation of atomistic and continuum methods for multiscale simulation of quasi-brittle intergranular damage},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1436},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20101101-15245},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The numerical simulation of damage using phenomenological models on the macroscale was state of the art for many decades. However, such models are not able to capture the complex nature of damage, which simultaneously proceeds on multiple length scales. Furthermore, these phenomenological models usually contain damage parameters, which are physically not interpretable. Consequently, a reasonable experimental determination of these parameters is often impossible. In the last twenty years, the ongoing advance in computational capacities provided new opportunities for more and more detailed studies of the microstructural damage behavior. Today, multiphase models with several million degrees of freedom enable for the numerical simulation of micro-damage phenomena in naturally heterogeneous materials. Therewith, the application of multiscale concepts for the numerical investigation of the complex nature of damage can be realized. The presented thesis contributes to a hierarchical multiscale strategy for the simulation of brittle intergranular damage in polycrystalline materials, for example aluminum. The numerical investigation of physical damage phenomena on an atomistic microscale and the integration of these physically based information into damage models on the continuum meso- and macroscale is intended. Therefore, numerical methods for the damage analysis on the micro- and mesoscale including the scale transfer are presented and the transition to the macroscale is discussed. The investigation of brittle intergranular damage on the microscale is realized by the application of the nonlocal Quasicontinuum method, which fully describes the material behavior by atomistic potential functions, but reduces the number of atomic degrees of freedom by introducing kinematic couplings. Since this promising method is applied only by a limited group of researchers for special problems, necessary improvements have been realized in an own parallelized implementation of the 3D nonlocal Quasicontinuum method. The aim of this implementation was to develop and combine robust and efficient algorithms for a general use of the Quasicontinuum method, and therewith to allow for the atomistic damage analysis in arbitrary grain boundary configurations. The implementation is applied in analyses of brittle intergranular damage in ideal and nonideal grain boundary models of FCC aluminum, considering arbitrary misorientations. From the microscale simulations traction separation laws are derived, which describe grain boundary decohesion on the mesoscale. Traction separation laws are part of cohesive zone models to simulate the brittle interface decohesion in heterogeneous polycrystal structures. 2D and 3D mesoscale models are presented, which are able to reproduce crack initiation and propagation along cohesive interfaces in polycrystals. An improved Voronoi algorithm is developed in 2D to generate polycrystal material structures based on arbitrary distribution functions of grain size. The new model is more flexible in representing realistic grain size distributions. Further improvements of the 2D model are realized by the implementation and application of an orthotropic material model with Hill plasticity criterion to grains. The 2D and 3D polycrystal models are applied to analyze crack initiation and propagation in statically loaded samples of aluminum on the mesoscale without the necessity of initial damage definition.},
  subject      = {Mechanik},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Tietz,
  author    = {Tietz, Robert},
  title     = {Adaptierte und objektivierte Minderkostenberechnung bei unwesentlichen M{\"a}ngeln in Shoppingcentern},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2567},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160425-25674},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {162},
  abstract  = {Minderkostenberechnung bei unwesentlichen M{\"a}ngeln},
  subject      = {Vergabe- und Vertragsordnung f{\"u}r Bauleistungen},
  language  = {de}
}