@inproceedings{KleinerRoessler,
  author    = {Kleiner, Florian and R{\"o}ßler, Christiane},
  title     = {Utilizing Modern FIB/SEM Technology and EDS for 3D Imaging of Hydrated Alite and its Pore Space},
  series = {ERICA-CASH II Final Converence},
  booktitle = {ERICA-CASH II Final Converence},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4455},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210702-44555},
  pages     = {2},
  abstract  = {The exploration of cementitious materials using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) is mainly done using fractured or polished surfaces. This leads to high-resolution 2D-images that can be combined using EDX and EBSD to unveil details of the microstructure and composition of materials. Nevertheless, this does not provide a quantitative insight into the three-dimensional fine structure of for example C-S-H phases. The focused ion beam (FIB) technology can cut a block of material in thin layers of less than 10 nm. This gives us a volume of 1000 μm³ with a voxel resolution of down to 4 x 4 x 10 nm³. The results can be combined with simultaneously acquired EDX data to improve image segmentation. Results of the investigation demonstrate that it is possible to obtain close-to-native 3D-visualisation of the spatial distribution of unreacted C3S, C-S-H and CH. Additionally, an optimized preparation method allows us to quantify the fine structure of C-S-H phases (length, aspect ratio, …) and the pore space.},
  subject      = {Rasterelektronenmikroskop},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JiangRoesslerWellmannetal.,
  author    = {Jiang, Mingze and R{\"o}ßler, Christiane and Wellmann, Eva and Klaver, Jop and Kleiner, Florian and Schmatz, Joyce},
  title     = {Workflow for high-resolution phase segmentation of cement clinker fromcombined BSE image and EDX spectral data},
  series = {Journal of Microscopy},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Journal of Microscopy},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  doi       = {10.1111/jmi.13072},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20211215-45449},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  abstract  = {Burning of clinker is the most influencing step of cement quality during the production process. Appropriate characterisation for quality control and decision-making is therefore the critical point to maintain a stable production but also for the development of alternative cements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) delivers spatially resolved phase and chemical information for cement clinker. This data can be used to quantify phase fractions and chemical composition of identified phases. The contribution aims to provide an overview of phase fraction quantification by semi-automatic phase segmentation using high-resolution backscattered electron (BSE) images and lower-resolved EDX element maps. Therefore, a tool for image analysis was developed that uses state-of-the-art algorithms for pixel-wise image segmentation and labelling in combination with a decision tree that allows searching for specific clinker phases. Results show that this tool can be applied to segment sub-micron scale clinker phases and to get a quantification of all phase fractions. In addition, statistical evaluation of the data is implemented within the tool to reveal whether the imaged area is representative for all clinker phases.},
  subject      = {Zementklinker},
  language  = {en}
}