@phdthesis{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, Veronika}, title = {Methoden zur Quantifizierung und Optimierung der Robustheit von Bauablaufpl{\"a}nen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4579}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220204-45798}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Bauablaufpl{\"a}nen kommt bei der Realisierung von Bauprojekten eine zentrale Rolle zu. Sie dienen der Koordination von Schnittstellen und bilden f{\"u}r die am Projekt Beteiligten die Grundlage f{\"u}r ihre individuelle Planung. Eine verl{\"a}ssliche Terminplanung ist daher von großer Bedeutung, tats{\"a}chlich sind aber gerade Bauablaufpl{\"a}ne f{\"u}r ihre Unzuverl{\"a}ssigkeit bekannt. Aufgrund der langen Vorlaufzeiten bei der Planung von Bauprojekten sind zum Zeitpunkt der Planung viele Informationen nur als Sch{\"a}tzwerte bekannt. Auf der Grundlage dieser gesch{\"a}tzten und damit mit Unsicherheiten behafteten Daten werden im Bauwesen deterministische Terminpl{\"a}ne erstellt. Kommt es w{\"a}hrend der Realisierung zu Diskrepanzen zwischen Sch{\"a}tzungen und Realit{\"a}t, erfordert dies die Anpassung der Pl{\"a}ne. Aufgrund zahlreicher Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten zwischen den geplanten Aktivit{\"a}ten k{\"o}nnen einzelne Plan{\"a}nderungen vielf{\"a}ltige weitere {\"A}nderungen und Anpassungen nach sich ziehen und damit einen reibungslosen Projektablauf gef{\"a}hrden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Vorgehen entwickelt, welches Bauablaufpl{\"a}ne erzeugt, die im Rahmen der durch das Projekt definierten Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten und Randbedingungen in der Lage sind, {\"A}nderungen m{\"o}glichst gut zu absorbieren. Solche Pl{\"a}ne, die bei auftretenden {\"A}nderungen vergleichsweise geringe Anpassungen des Terminplans erfordern, werden hier als robust bezeichnet. Ausgehend von Verfahren der Projektplanung und Methoden zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Unsicherheiten werden deterministische Terminpl{\"a}ne bez{\"u}glich ihres Verhaltens bei eintretenden {\"A}nderungen betrachtet. Hierf{\"u}r werden zun{\"a}chst m{\"o}gliche Unsicherheiten als Ursachen f{\"u}r {\"A}nderungen benannt und mathematisch abgebildet. Damit kann das Verhalten von Abl{\"a}ufen f{\"u}r m{\"o}gliche {\"A}nderungen betrachtet werden, indem die durch {\"A}nderungen erzwungenen angepassten Terminpl{\"a}ne simuliert werden. F{\"u}r diese Monte-Carlo-Simulationen der angepassten Terminpl{\"a}ne wird sichergestellt, dass die angepassten Terminpl{\"a}ne logische Weiterentwicklungen des deterministischen Terminplans darstellen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Untersuchungen wird ein stochastisches Maß zur Quantifizierung der Robustheit erarbeitet, welches die F{\"a}higkeit eines Planes, {\"A}nderungen zu absorbieren, beschreibt. Damit ist es m{\"o}glich, Terminpl{\"a}ne bez{\"u}glich ihrer Robustheit zu vergleichen. Das entwickelte Verfahren zur Quantifizierung der Robustheit wird in einem Optimierungsverfahren auf Basis Genetischer Algorithmen angewendet, um gezielt robuste Terminpl{\"a}ne zu erzeugen. An Beispielen werden die Methoden demonstriert und ihre Wirksamkeit nachgewiesen.}, subject = {Bauablaufplanung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-3785, title = {30. Forum Bauinformatik}, editor = {Steiner, Maria and Theiler, Michael and Mirboland, Mahsa}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180917-37854}, pages = {424}, abstract = {Die Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar ist seit langer Zeit mit dem Forum Bauinformatik eng verbunden. So wurde die Veranstaltung 1989 hier durch den Arbeitskreis Bauinformatik ins Leben gerufen und auch das 10. und 18. Forum Bauinformatik (1998 bzw. 2006) fand in Weimar statt. In diesem Jahr freuen wir uns daher besonders, das 30. Jubil{\"a}um an der Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar ausrichten zu d{\"u}rfen und viele interessierte Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen aus dem Bereich der Bauinformatik in Weimar willkommen zu heißen. Das Forum Bauinformatik hat sich l{\"a}ngst zu einem festen Bestandteil der Bauinformatik im deutschsprachigen Raum entwickelt. Dabei steht es traditionsgem{\"a}ß unter dem Motto „von jungen Forschenden f{\"u}r junge Forschende", wodurch insbesondere Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und ‑wissenschaftlern die M{\"o}glichkeit geboten wird, ihre Forschungsarbeiten zu pr{\"a}sentieren, Problemstellungen fachspezifisch zu diskutieren und sich {\"u}ber den neuesten Stand der Forschung zu informieren. Zudem wird eine ausgezeichnete Gelegenheit geboten, in die wissenschaftliche Gemeinschaft im Bereich der Bauinformatik einzusteigen und Kontakte mit anderen Forschenden zu kn{\"u}pfen. In diesem Jahr erhielten wir 49 interessante und qualitativ hochwertige Beitr{\"a}ge vor allem in den Themenbereichen Simulation, Modellierung, Informationsverwaltung, Geoinformatik, Structural Health Monitoring, Visualisierung, Verkehrssimulation und Optimierung. Daf{\"u}r m{\"o}chten wir uns ganz besonders bei allen Autoren, Co-Autoren und Reviewern bedanken, die durch ihr Engagement das diesj{\"a}hrige Forum Bauinformatik erst m{\"o}glich gemacht haben. Wir danken zudem Professor Große und Professor D{\´i}az f{\"u}r die Unterst{\"u}tzung bei der Auswahl der Beitr{\"a}ge f{\"u}r die Best Paper Awards. Ein herzliches Dankesch{\"o}n geht an die Kollegen an der Professur Informatik im Bauwesen der Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar f{\"u}r die organisatorische, technische und beratende Unterst{\"u}tzung w{\"a}hrend der Planung der Veranstaltung.}, subject = {Bauinformatik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FediorHamel, author = {Fedior, Marco and Hamel, Wido}, title = {Simulationsumgebung zur Evaluation von umweltorientierten Verkehrsmanagement-Strategien}, series = {30. Forum Bauinformatik}, booktitle = {30. Forum Bauinformatik}, editor = {Steiner, Maria and Theiler, Michael and Mirboland, Mahsa}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3867}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20190328-38678}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Problematik bei der Prognose verkehrsbedingter Schadstoff-Immissionen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Entwicklung und der Aufbau einer Simulationsumgebung zur Evaluation von umweltorientierten Verkehrsmanagement-Strategien. Die Simulationsumgebung wird {\"u}ber die drei Felder Verkehr, Emission, Immission entwickelt und findet zun{\"a}chst Anwendung in der Evaluation verkehrlicher Maßnahmen f{\"u}r die Friedberger Landstraße in Frankfurt am Main.}, subject = {Verkehr}, language = {de} } @unpublished{SteinerBourinetLahmer, author = {Steiner, Maria and Bourinet, Jean-Marc and Lahmer, Tom}, title = {An adaptive sampling method for global sensitivity analysis based on least-squares support vector regression}, doi = {10.25643/BAUHAUS-UNIVERSITAET.3832}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20181218-38320}, pages = {1 -- 33}, abstract = {In the field of engineering, surrogate models are commonly used for approximating the behavior of a physical phenomenon in order to reduce the computational costs. Generally, a surrogate model is created based on a set of training data, where a typical method for the statistical design is the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS). Even though a space filling distribution of the training data is reached, the sampling process takes no information on the underlying behavior of the physical phenomenon into account and new data cannot be sampled in the same distribution if the approximation quality is not sufficient. Therefore, in this study we present a novel adaptive sampling method based on a specific surrogate model, the least-squares support vector regresson. The adaptive sampling method generates training data based on the uncertainty in local prognosis capabilities of the surrogate model - areas of higher uncertainty require more sample data. The approach offers a cost efficient calculation due to the properties of the least-squares support vector regression. The opportunities of the adaptive sampling method are proven in comparison with the LHS on different analytical examples. Furthermore, the adaptive sampling method is applied to the calculation of global sensitivity values according to Sobol, where it shows faster convergence than the LHS method. With the applications in this paper it is shown that the presented adaptive sampling method improves the estimation of global sensitivity values, hence reducing the overall computational costs visibly.}, subject = {Approximation}, language = {en} } @techreport{SmarslyWiggenbrock, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Smarsly, Kay and Wiggenbrock, Jens}, title = {Automatisierte Planung von digitalen Hochgeschwindigkeitsnetzen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3309}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170828-33095}, pages = {5}, abstract = {Der Ausbau von digitalen Hochgeschwindigkeitsnetzen ist gekennzeichnet durch neuartige Anforderungen an den Planungsprozess. Diese Anforderungen erfordern wiederum den Einsatz von neuartigen Paradigmen, die eine effiziente und zugleich genaue Planung von fl{\"a}chendeckenden Glasfasernetzen erm{\"o}glichen. Hierbei k{\"o}nnen wiederkehrende Planungsaufgaben durch eine gezielte computergest{\"u}tzte Automatisierung effizienter und genauer ausgef{\"u}hrt, als es mit bisherigen Planungskonzepten m{\"o}glich ist. Dieses Arbeitspapier beschreibt die computergest{\"u}tzte Ausf{\"u}hrung eines Planungsprozesses auf Basis von f{\"u}nf grundlegenden, iterativen Planungsschritten und gibt Empfehlungen f{\"u}r eine effiziente und genaue Planung von Glasfasernetzen. Der hier vorgestellte Ansatz erm{\"o}glicht es Netzbetreibern und Investoren, den Ausbau beliebiger Siedlungs- und Gewerbegebiete auf der zuverl{\"a}ssigen Basis von belastbarem Faktenwissen wirtschaftlich zu priorisieren.}, subject = {Kostenoptimierung}, language = {de} } @techreport{WiggenbrockSmarsly, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Wiggenbrock, Jens and Smarsly, Kay}, title = {Kosteng{\"u}nstiger Breitbandausbau mittels automatisierter Integration von Installationspl{\"a}nen und Installationskosten}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2616}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160627-26167}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Der Bedarf an leistungsf{\"a}higen Hochgeschwindigkeits-Glasfasernetzen ist in den letzten Jahren, insbesondere aufgrund der zunehmenden Nutzung von Internet-basierten Diensten, rapide gestiegen. Eine umfassende Planung von neu zu errichtenden Glasfasernetzen im Sinne eines kosteng{\"u}nstigen Breitbandausbaus ist jedoch h{\"a}ufig mit hohem Aufwand verbunden. Die Auswahl m{\"o}glicher Kabelwege und die anschließende Kalkulation der Installationskosten werden heute in der Regel durch computerbasierte Verfahren unterst{\"u}tzt, wobei allerdings die Installationspl{\"a}ne und die Installationskosten getrennt voneinander dargestellt werden, was wiederum die computergest{\"u}tzte Planung sowie weitere Optimierungsans{\"a}tze erschwert. Dieses Arbeitspapier beschreibt ein Konzept f{\"u}r ein modulares Softwaresystem zur computergest{\"u}tzten Planung, Kostenkalkulation und Visualisierung von Glasfasernetzen, das eine integrierte Darstellung von Installationspl{\"a}nen und Installationskosten erm{\"o}glicht. Anstelle der herk{\"o}mmlichen Darstellung von Installationspl{\"a}nen, die in der Regel alle geplanten Kabelwege einfarbig auf einer Landkarte visualisiert, wird ein Farbschema zur Anzeige der Installationskosten in Installationspl{\"a}nen eingesetzt. Das Konzept wird prototypisch implementiert und durch ein Anwendungsbeispiel, das die Planung eines Glasfasernetzes innerhalb eines Siedlungsgebietes behandelt, validiert. Die integrierte, farbige Darstellung der Installationskosten in Installationspl{\"a}nen erm{\"o}glicht eine effiziente Identifikation der kostenintensiven Bauabschnitte und bef{\"o}rdert kostenoptimierte Planungsans{\"a}tze. Die intuitive Visualisierung vereinfacht somit die akkurate und kostenoptimierte Planung von Glasfasernetzen.}, subject = {Visualisierung}, language = {de} } @article{SmarslyHartmannRueppeletal., author = {Smarsly, Kay and Hartmann, Timo and R{\"u}ppel, Uwe and K{\"o}nig, Markus}, title = {Positionspapier des Arbeitskreis Bauinformatik}, editor = {Smarsly, Kay}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3221}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170523-32219}, pages = {5}, abstract = {Die Bauinformatik ist eine S{\"a}ule der modernen Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften und befasst sich mit der Erforschung grundlegender informatorischer Methoden sowie mit der Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung der Informationswissenschaften im Bau- und Umweltbereich. Der Arbeitskreis Bauinformatik konstituiert sich aus Wissenschaftlern, die an Universit{\"a}ten im deutschsprachigen Raum auf dem Fachgebiet Bauinformatik lehren und forschen. Ausgehend vom erreichten Entwicklungsstand der Bauinformatik skizziert dieses Positionspapier die Aufgaben des Arbeitskreises und formuliert eine Grundlage f{\"u}r eine abgestimmte Weiterentwicklung an den deutschsprachigen Universit{\"a}ten.}, subject = {Bauinformatik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{IgnatovaKirschkeTauscheretal., author = {Ignatova, Elena and Kirschke, Heiko and Tauscher, Eike and Smarsly, Kay}, title = {PARAMETRIC GEOMETRIC MODELING IN CONSTRUCTION PLANNING USING INDUSTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES}, series = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, booktitle = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and Lahmer, Tom}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2802}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28024}, pages = {8}, abstract = {One of the most promising and recent advances in computer-based planning is the transition from classical geometric modeling to building information modeling (BIM). Building information models support the representation, storage, and exchange of various information relevant to construction planning. This information can be used for describing, e.g., geometric/physical properties or costs of a building, for creating construction schedules, or for representing other characteristics of construction projects. Based on this information, plans and specifications as well as reports and presentations of a planned building can be created automatically. A fundamental principle of BIM is object parameterization, which allows specifying geometrical, numerical, algebraic and associative dependencies between objects contained in a building information model. In this paper, existing challenges of parametric modeling using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) as a federated model for integrated planning are shown, and open research questions are discussed.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SmarslyTauscher, author = {Smarsly, Kay and Tauscher, Eike}, title = {IFC-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION MODELING FOR DATA MANAGEMENT IN STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING}, series = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, booktitle = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and Lahmer, Tom}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2823}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28237}, pages = {7}, abstract = {This conceptual paper discusses opportunities and challenges towards the digital representation of structural health monitoring systems using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. State-of-the-art sensor nodes, collecting structural and environmental data from civil infrastructure systems, are capable of processing and analyzing the data sets directly on-board the nodes. Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on sensor nodes that possess so called "on-chip intelligence" is, in this study, referred to as "intelligent SHM", and the infrastructure system being equipped with an intelligent SHM system is referred to as "intelligent infrastructure". Although intelligent SHM will continue to grow, it is not possible, on a well-defined formalism, to digitally represent information about sensors, about the overall SHM system, and about the monitoring strategies being implemented ("monitoring-related information"). Based on a review of available SHM regulations and guidelines as well as existing sensor models and sensor modeling languages, this conceptual paper investigates how to digitally represent monitoring-related information in a semantic model. With the Industry Foundation Classes, there exists an open standard for the digital representation of building information; however, it is not possible to represent monitoring-related information using the IFC object model. This paper proposes a conceptual approach for extending the current IFC object model in order to include monitoring-related information. Taking civil infrastructure systems as an illustrative example, it becomes possible to adequately represent, process, and exchange monitoring-related information throughout the whole life cycle of civil infrastructure systems, which is referred to as monitoring information modeling (MIM). However, since this paper is conceptual, additional research efforts are required to further investigate, implement, and validate the proposed concepts and methods.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-2451, title = {International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, series = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, booktitle = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and Lahmer, Tom}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2451}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20150828-24515}, pages = {230}, abstract = {The 20th International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering will be held at the Bauhaus University Weimar from 20th till 22nd July 2015. Architects, computer scientists, mathematicians, and engineers from all over the world will meet in Weimar for an interdisciplinary exchange of experiences, to report on their results in research, development and practice and to discuss. The conference covers a broad range of research areas: numerical analysis, function theoretic methods, partial differential equations, continuum mechanics, engineering applications, coupled problems, computer sciences, and related topics. Several plenary lectures in aforementioned areas will take place during the conference. We invite architects, engineers, designers, computer scientists, mathematicians, planners, project managers, and software developers from business, science and research to participate in the conference!}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannSmarslyLahmer, author = {Hartmann, Veronika and Smarsly, Kay and Lahmer, Tom}, title = {ROBUST SCHEDULING IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING}, series = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, booktitle = {Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar}, editor = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and Lahmer, Tom}, organization = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, issn = {1611-4086}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2799}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27994}, pages = {5}, abstract = {In construction engineering, a schedule's input data, which is usually not exactly known in the planning phase, is considered deterministic when generating the schedule. As a result, construction schedules become unreliable and deadlines are often not met. While the optimization of construction schedules with respect to costs and makespan has been a matter of research in the past decades, the optimization of the robustness of construction schedules has received little attention. In this paper, the effects of uncertainties inherent to the input data of construction schedules are discussed. Possibilities are investigated to improve the reliability of construction schedules by considering alternative processes for certain tasks and by identifying the combination of processes generating the most robust schedule with respect to the makespan of a construction project.}, subject = {Angewandte Informatik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gerold, author = {Gerold, Fabian}, title = {Konzepte zur interaktiven Entwurfsraum-Exploration im Tragwerksentwurf}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2153}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20140408-21532}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {101}, abstract = {Der Entwurfsraum f{\"u}r den Entwurf eines Tragwerks ist ein n-dimensionaler Raum, der aus allen freien Parametern des Modells aufgespannt wird. Traditionell werden nur wenige Punkte dieses Raumes durch eine numerische (computergest{\"u}tzte) Simulation evaluiert, meist auf Basis der Finite-Elemente-Methode. Mehrere Faktoren f{\"u}hren dazu, dass heute oft viele Revisionen eines Simulationsmodells durchlaufen werden: Zum einen ergeben sich oft Planungs{\"a}nderungen, zum anderen ist oft die Untersuchung von Planungsalternativen und die Suche nach einem Optimum w{\"u}nschenswert. In dieser Arbeit soll f{\"u}r ein vorhandenes Finite-Elemente-Framework die sequentielle Datei-Eingabeschnittstelle durch eine Netzwerkschnittstelle ersetzt werden, die den Erfordernissen einer interaktiven Arbeitsweise entspricht. So erlaubt die hier konzipierte Schnittstelle interaktive, inkrementelle Modell{\"a}nderungen sowie Status- und Berechnungsergebnis-Abfragen durch eine bidirektionale Schnittstelle. Die Kombination aus interaktiver numerischer Simulation und Interoperabilit{\"a}t durch die Anwendung von Konzepten zur Bauwerks-Informations-Modellierung im Tragwerksentwurf ist Ziel dieser Dissertation. Die Beschreibung der Konzeption und prototypischen Umsetzung ist Gegenstand der schriftlichen Arbeit.}, subject = {Interaktive numerische Simulation}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Stein, author = {Stein, Peter}, title = {Procedurally generated models for Isogeometric Analysis}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag}, address = {Weimar}, isbn = {978-3-86068-488-7}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1848}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130212-18483}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {82}, abstract = {Increasingly powerful hard- and software allows for the numerical simulation of complex physical phenomena with high levels of detail. In light of this development the definition of numerical models for the Finite Element Method (FEM) has become the bottleneck in the simulation process. Characteristic features of the model generation are large manual efforts and a de-coupling of geometric and numerical model. In the highly probable case of design revisions all steps of model preprocessing and mesh generation have to be repeated. This includes the idealization and approximation of a geometric model as well as the definition of boundary conditions and model parameters. Design variants leading to more resource-efficient structures might hence be disregarded due to limited budgets and constrained time frames. A potential solution to above problem is given with the concept of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA). Core idea of this method is to directly employ a geometric model for numerical simulations, which allows to circumvent model transformations and the accompanying data losses. Basis for this method are geometric models described in terms of Non-uniform rational B-Splines (NURBS). This class of piecewise continuous rational polynomial functions is ubiquitous in computer graphics and Computer-Aided Design (CAD). It allows the description of a wide range of geometries using a compact mathematical representation. The shape of an object thereby results from the interpolation of a set of control points by means of the NURBS functions, allowing efficient representations for curves, surfaces and solid bodies alike. Existing software applications, however, only support the modeling and manipulation of the former two. The description of three-dimensional solid bodies consequently requires significant manual effort, thus essentially forbidding the setup of complex models. This thesis proposes a procedural approach for the generation of volumetric NURBS models. That is, a model is not described in terms of its data structures but as a sequence of modeling operations applied to a simple initial shape. In a sense this describes the "evolution" of the geometric model under the sequence of operations. In order to adapt this concept to NURBS geometries, only a compact set of commands is necessary which, in turn, can be adapted from existing algorithms. A model then can be treated in terms of interpretable model parameters. This leads to an abstraction from its data structures and model variants can be set up by variation of the governing parameters. The proposed concept complements existing template modeling approaches: templates can not only be defined in terms of modeling commands but can also serve as input geometry for said operations. Such templates, arranged in a nested hierarchy, provide an elegant model representation. They offer adaptivity on each tier of the model hierarchy and allow to create complex models from only few model parameters. This is demonstrated for volumetric fluid domains used in the simulation of vertical-axis wind turbines. Starting from a template representation of airfoil cross-sections, the complete "negative space" around the rotor blades can be described by a small set of model parameters, and model variants can be set up in a fraction of a second. NURBS models offer a high geometric flexibility, allowing to represent a given shape in different ways. Different model instances can exhibit varying suitability for numerical analyses. For their assessment, Finite Element mesh quality metrics are regarded. The considered metrics are based on purely geometric criteria and allow to identify model degenerations commonly used to achieve certain geometric features. They can be used to decide upon model adaptions and provide a measure for their efficacy. Unfortunately, they do not reveal a relation between mesh distortion and ill-conditioning of the equation systems resulting from the numerical model.}, subject = {NURBS}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tauscher2011, author = {Tauscher, Eike}, title = {Vom Bauwerksinformationsmodell zur Terminplanung - Ein Modell zur Generierung von Bauablaufpl{\"a}nen}, isbn = {978-3-86068-452-8}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1466}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20110927-15572}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Die effiziente und zielgerichtete Ausf{\"u}hrung von Bauvorhaben wird in hohem Maße von der zugrunde liegenden Bauablaufplanung beeinflusst. Dabei ist unter Verwendung herk{\"o}mmlicher Methoden und Modelle die Planung des Bauablaufs ein zumeist aufw{\"a}ndiger und fehlertr{\"a}chtiger Prozess. Am Ende der gegenw{\"a}rtig {\"u}blichen Vorgehensweise f{\"u}r die Planung eines Bauablaufs erfolgt lediglich die Dokumentation des Endergebnisses. M{\"o}gliche Ablaufalternativen, die im Verlauf der Planung betrachtet wurden, sind im resultierenden Bauablaufplan nicht enthalten und gehen verloren. Eine formale Kontrolle des geplanten Bauablaufs hinsichtlich seiner Vollst{\"a}ndigkeit ist nur begrenzt m{\"o}glich, da beispielsweise existierende Methoden der 4D-Visualisierung derzeit nicht ausreichend in den Prozess der Planung von Bauabl{\"a}ufen integriert sind. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines neuen Modells f{\"u}r die Unterst{\"u}tzung der Bauablaufplanung. Daf{\"u}r wird der gr{\"o}ßtenteils manuelle Vorgang der Bauablaufplanung auf Basis verf{\"u}gbarer Bauwerksinformationsmodelle (BIM) weitestgehend automatisiert und die Methodik der 4D-Animation in den Prozess der Bauablaufplanung integriert. Ausgehend von in einer Erfahrungsdatenbank gespeicherten Informationen werden auf Basis einer {\"A}hnlichkeitsermittlung Bauteilen des betrachteten BIM geeignete Vorg{\"a}nge zugeordnet und mittels Algorithmen der Graphentheorie ein Workflowgraph aller m{\"o}g\-lichen Bauablaufvarianten generiert. Aufgrund der vorgenommenen Kopplung des Bauablaufplans mit Bauteilen eines BIM und der visuellen Darstellung des Bauablaufs kann vom Planer im Rahmen der Modellierungsgenauigkeit des BIM auf die Vollst{\"a}ndigkeit des Bauablaufplans geschlossen werden. Dies erm{\"o}glicht dem Anwender ein hohes Maß an Kontrolle des geplanten Bauablaufs bereits innerhalb der Planungsphase. Weiterhin unterst{\"u}tzt das entwickelte Modell die Integration von Ablaufvarianten, was deren Gegen{\"u}berstellung erm{\"o}glicht und die Wiederverwendbarkeit bereits geplanter Bauabl{\"a}ufe durch eine entsprechend ausgerichtete Abbildung des Modells. Die Anwendbarkeit des erarbeiteten Modells wird anhand einer prototypischen Implementierung nachgewiesen und anhand eines Praxisbeispiels verifiziert.}, subject = {Terminplanung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TheilerTauscherTulkeetal., author = {Theiler, Michael and Tauscher, Eike and Tulke, Jan and Riedel, Thomas}, title = {Boolesche Operationen f{\"u}r die Visualisierung von IFC-Geb{\"a}udemodellen}, series = {Forum Bauinformatik 2010}, booktitle = {Forum Bauinformatik 2010}, editor = {Kr{\"a}mer, Torsten}, publisher = {Shaker Verlag}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-8322-9456-4}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1815}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130107-18151}, pages = {251 -- 258}, abstract = {Die Planung von komplexen Bauwerken erfolgt zunehmend mit Planungswerkzeugen, die den Export von Bauwerksinformationen im STEP-Format auf Grundlage der IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) erlauben. Durch die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit dieser Schnittstelle ist es m{\"o}glich, Bauwerksinformationen f{\"u}r die weiterf{\"u}hrende Verarbeitung zu verwenden. Zur Visualisierung der geometrischen Daten stehen innerhalb der IFC verschiedene geometrische Modelle f{\"u}r die Darstellung von Bauteilen zur Verf{\"u}gung. Unter anderem werden f{\"u}r das „Ausschneiden" von {\"O}ffnungen aus Bauteilen (z.B. f{\"u}r Fenster und T{\"u}ren) geometrische boolesche Operationen ben{\"o}tigt. Gegenstand des Beitrags ist die Vorstellung eines Algorithmus zur Berechnung von booleschen Operationen auf Basis eines triangulierten B-Rep (Boundary Representation) Modells nach HUBBARD (1990). Da innerhalb von IFC-Geb{\"a}udemodellen Bauteile oft das Resultat mehrerer boolescher Operationen sind (z.B. um mehrere Fenster{\"o}ffnungen von einer gegebenen Wand abzuziehen), wurde der Algorithmus von Hubbard angepasst, sodass mehrere boolesche Operationen gleichzeitig berechnet werden k{\"o}nnen. Durch diese Optimierung wird eine deutliche Reduzierung der ben{\"o}tigten Berechnungen und somit der Rechenzeit erreicht.}, subject = {IFC}, language = {de} } @misc{Theiler, author = {Theiler, Michael}, title = {Documentation and conceptual development of software components for the execution of geometric Boolean set operations on the basis of Java3D}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1943}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130603-19430}, pages = {50}, abstract = {Complex buildings and other structures are cumulatively planned with software that supports the export of building information in the STEP-format on the basis of the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes). Because of the availability of this interface, it is possible to use the data of a building for further processing. Within the IFC, several geometrical models for the visualization of building elements are provided. Among others, geometric Boolean set operations are needed to "subtract" openings from building elements (e.g. for windows or doors) - CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry). Therefore, software components based on the algorithms [Laidlaw86] and [Hubbard90] were developed at the professorship Informatik im Bauwesen that support these functionalities on the basis of Java3D. However, it turned out in praxis, that these components are numerically instable and that there is no acceptable robustness or tolerance of errors. This is caused by mistakes in the implementation (bugs) as well as the insufficient handling of numerical inaccuracies. Further, a verification and, where applicable, a correction of qualitative substandard initial data is missing. Prior to this student research project, the implementation of a self-contained application for a visual error control was initiated. This tool visualizes several program steps and their corresponding data. With use of this tool, the implemented algorithms can be analyzed in detail. The papers [Laidlaw86] and [Hubbard90] are unsatisfactory describing some essential steps of the algorithm as well as implementation details to execute Boolean set operations on the basis of a B-rep (Boundary Representation) model. Hence, the algorithm should be documented comprehensible with the help of figures and pseudo code. Moreover, problems within the existing implementation shall be identified and possible solution strategies shall be provided.}, subject = {Boolean Operations}, language = {en} } @misc{Theiler, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Theiler, Michael}, title = {Interaktive Visualisierung von Qualit{\"a}tsdefiziten komplexer Bauwerksinformationsmodelle auf Basis der Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) in einer webbasierten Umgebung}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1786}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20121214-17869}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {93}, abstract = {Der inhaltlichen Qualit{\"a}tssicherung von Bauwerksinformationsmodellen (BIM) kommt im Zuge einer stetig wachsenden Nutzung der verwendeten BIM f{\"u}r unterschiedliche Anwen-dungsf{\"a}lle eine große Bedeutung zu. Diese ist f{\"u}r jede am Datenaustausch beteiligte Software dem Projektziel entsprechend durchzuf{\"u}hren. Mit den Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) steht ein etabliertes Format f{\"u}r die Beschreibung und den Austausch eines solchen Modells zur Verf{\"u}gung. F{\"u}r den Prozess der Qualit{\"a}tssicherung wird eine serverbasierte Testumgebung Bestandteil des neuen Zertifizierungsverfahrens der IFC sein. Zu diesem Zweck wurde durch das „iabi - Institut f{\"u}r angewandte Bauinformatik" in Zusammenarbeit mit „buildingSMART e.V." (http://www.buildingsmart.de) ein Global Testing Documentation Server (GTDS) implementiert. Der GTDS ist eine, auf einer Datenbank basierte, Web-Applikation, die folgende Intentionen verfolgt: • Bereitstellung eines Werkzeugs f{\"u}r das qualitative Testen IFC-basierter Modelle • Unterst{\"u}tzung der Kommunikation zwischen IFC Entwicklern und Anwendern • Dokumentation der Qualit{\"a}t von IFC-basierten Softwareanwendungen • Bereitstellung einer Plattform f{\"u}r die Zertifizierung von IFC Anwendungen Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Planung und exemplarische Umsetzung eines Werkzeugs zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Qualit{\"a}tsdefiziten, die vom GTDS im Modell erkannt wurden. Die exemplarische Umsetzung soll dabei aufbauend auf den OPEN IFC TOOLS (http://www.openifctools.org) erfolgen.}, subject = {BIM}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TheilerTauscherTulkeetal., author = {Theiler, Michael and Tauscher, Eike and Tulke, Jan and Riedel, Thomas}, title = {Visualisierung von IFC-Objekten mittels Java3D}, series = {Forum Bauinformatik 2009}, booktitle = {Forum Bauinformatik 2009}, editor = {von Both, Petra and Koch, Volker}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag}, address = {Karlsruhe}, isbn = {978-3-86644-396-9}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1814}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130107-18149}, pages = {149 -- 159}, abstract = {Die Planung komplexer Bauwerke erfolgt zunehmend mit rechnergest{\"u}tzten Planungswerkzeugen, die den Export von Bauwerksinformationen im STEP-Format auf Grundlage der Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) erm{\"o}glichen. Durch die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit dieser Schnittstelle ist es m{\"o}glich, Bauwerksinformationen f{\"u}r eine weiterf{\"u}hrende applikations{\"u}bergreifende Verarbeitung bereitzustellen. Ein großer Teil der bereitgestellten Informationen bezieht sich auf die geometrische Beschreibung der einzelnen Bauteile. Um den am Bauprozess Beteiligten eine optimale Auswertung und Analyse der Bauwerksinformationen zu erm{\"o}glichen, ist deren Visualisierung unumg{\"a}nglich. Das IFC-Modell stellt diese Daten mit Hilfe verschiedener Geometriemodelle bereit. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Visualisierung von IFC-Objekten mittels Java3D. Er beschr{\"a}nkt sich dabei auf die Darstellung von Objekten, deren Geometrie mittels Boundary Representation (Brep) oder Surface-Model-Repr{\"a}sentation beschrieben wird.}, subject = {IFC}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Richter2009, author = {Richter, Torsten}, title = {Konzepte f{\"u}r den Einsatz versionierter Objektmodelle im Bauwesen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1413}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20100115-14935}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Bauwerke sind in der Regel Unikate, f{\"u}r die meist eine komplette und aufw{\"a}ndige Neuplanung durchzuf{\"u}hren ist. Der Umfang und die Verschiedenartigkeit der einzelnen Planungsaufgaben bedingen ein paralleles Arbeiten der beteiligten Fachplaner. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist die Bauplanung ein kreativer und iterativer Prozess, der durch h{\"a}ufige {\"A}nderungen des Planungsmaterials und Abstimmungen zwischen den Fachplanern gekennzeichnet ist. Mithilfe von speziellen Fachanwendungen erstellen die Planungsbeteiligten verschiedene Datenmodelle, zwischen denen fachliche Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten bestehen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Konsistenz der einzelnen Fachmodelle eines Bauwerks sicherzustellen, indem Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten auf Basis von Objektversionen definiert werden. Voraussetzung daf{\"u}r ist, dass die Fachanwendungen nach dem etablierten Paradigma der objektorientierten Programmierung entwickelt wurden. Das sequentielle und parallele Arbeiten mehrerer Fachplaner wird auf Basis eines optimistischen Zugriffsmodells unterst{\"u}tzt, das ohne Schreibsperren auskommt. Weiterhin wird die Historie des Planungsmaterials gespeichert und die Definition von rechtsverbindlichen Freigabest{\"a}nden erm{\"o}glicht. Als Vorbild f{\"u}r die Systemarchitektur diente das Softwarekonfigurationsmanagement, dessen Versionierungsansatz meist auf einem Client-Server-Modell beruht. Die formale Beschreibung des verwendeten Ansatzes wird {\"u}ber die Mengenlehre und Relationenalgebra vorgenommen, so dass er allgemeing{\"u}ltig und technologieunabh{\"a}ngig ist. Auf Grundlage dieses Ansatzes werden Konzepte f{\"u}r den Einsatz versionierter Objektmodelle im Bauwesen erarbeitet und mit einer Pilotimplementierung basierend auf einer Open-Source-Ingenieurplattform an einem praxisnahen Szenario verifiziert. Beim Entwurf der Konzepte wird besonderer Wert auf die Handhabbarkeit der Umsetzung gelegt. Das betrifft im Besonderen die hierarchische Strukturierung des Projektmaterials, die ergonomische Gestaltung der Benutzerschnittstellen und der Erzielung von geringen Anwortzeiten. Diese Aspekte sind eine wichtige Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Effizienz und Akzeptanz von Software im praktischen Einsatz. Bestehende Fachanwendungen k{\"o}nnen durch geringen Entwicklungsaufwand einfach in die verteilte Umgebung integriert werden, ohne sie von Grund auf programmieren zu m{\"u}ssen.}, subject = {Computer Supported Cooperative Work}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Tulke2009, author = {Tulke, Jan}, title = {Kollaborative Terminplanung auf Basis von Bauwerksinformationsmodellen}, isbn = {978-3-86068-416-0}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1424}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20100805-15135}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Im Rahmen des sich derzeit vollziehenden Wandels von der segmentierten, zeichnungsorientierten zur integrierten, modellbasierten Arbeitsweise bei der Planung von Bauwerken und ihrer Erstellung werden Computermodelle nicht mehr nur f{\"u}r die physikalische Simulation des Bauwerksverhaltens, sondern auch zur Koordination zwischen den einzelnen Planungsdisziplinen und Projektbeteiligten genutzt. Die gemeinsame Erstellung und Nutzung dieses Modells zur virtuellen Abbildung des Bauwerks und seiner Erstellungsprozesse, das sog. Building Information Modeling (BIM), ist dabei zentraler Bestandteil der Planung. Die Integration der Terminplanung in diese Arbeitsweise erfolgt bisher jedoch nur unzureichend, meist lediglich in der Form einer nachgelagerten 4D-Simulation zur Kommunikation der Planungsergebnisse. Sie weist damit im Verh{\"a}ltnis zum entstehenden Zusatzaufwand einen zu geringen Nutzen f{\"u}r den Terminplaner auf. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die tiefere Einbettung der Terminplanung in die modellbasierte Arbeitsweise. Auf Basis einer umfassende Analyse der Rahmenbedingungen und des Informationsbedarfs der Terminplanung werden Konzepte zur effizienten Wiederverwendung von im Modell gespeicherten Daten mit Hilfe einer Verkn{\"u}pfungssprache, zum umfassenden Datenaustausch auf Basis der Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) und f{\"u}r das {\"A}nderungsmanagement mittels einer Versionierung auf Objektebene entwickelt.Die f{\"u}r die modellbasierte Terminplanung relevanten Daten und ihre Beziehungen zueinander werden dabei formal beschrieben sowie die Kompatibilit{\"a}t ihrer Granularit{\"a}t durch eine Funktionalit{\"a}t zur Objektteilung sichergestellt. Zur zielgenauen Extraktion von Daten werden zudem Algorithmen f{\"u}r r{\"a}umliche Anfragen entwickelt. Die vorgestellten Konzepte und ihre Anwendbarkeit werden mittels einer umfangreichen Pilotimplementierung anhand von mehreren Praxisbeispielen demonstriert und somit deren praktische Relevanz und Nutzen nachgewiesen.}, subject = {Terminplanung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nour2006, author = {Nour, Mohamed}, title = {A Flexible Model for Incorporating Construction Product Data into Building Information Models}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.740}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060317-7781}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2006}, abstract = {When considering the integration and interoperability between AEC-FM software applications and construction products' data, it is essential to investigate the state-of-the-art and conduct an extensive review in the literature of both Building Information Models and electronic product catalogues. It was found that there are many reasons and key-barriers that hinder the developed solutions from being implemented. Among the reasons that are attributed to the failure of many previous research projects to achieve this integration aim are the proprietary developments of CAD vendors, the fragmented nature of construction product data i.e. commercial and technical data, the prefabrication versus on-site production, marketing strategies and brand-naming, the referencing of a product to the data of its constituents, availability of life-cycle data in a single point in time where it is needed all over the whole life-cycle of the product itself, taxonomy problems, the inability to extract search parameters from the building information model to participate in the conduction of parametric searches. Finally and most important is keeping the product data in the building information model consistent and up-to-date. Hence, it was found that there is a great potential for construction product data to be integrated to building information models by electronic means in a dynamic and extensible manner that prevents the model from getting obsolete. The study has managed to establish a solution concept that links continually updated and extensible life-cycle product data to a software independent building information model (IFC) all over the life span of the product itself. As a result, the solution concept has managed to reach a reliable building information model that is capable of overcoming the majority of the above mentioned barriers. In the meantime, the solution is capable of referencing, retrieving, updating, and merging product data at any point in time. A distributed network application that represents all the involved parties in the construction product value chain is simulated by real software tools to demonstrate the proof of concept of this research work.}, subject = {Produktinformation}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Beer2005, author = {Beer, Daniel G.}, title = {Systementwurf f{\"u}r verteilte Applikationen und Modelle im Bauplanungsprozess}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.750}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060418-7892}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Der Planungsprozess im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau ist gekennzeichnet durch drei sich zyklisch wiederholende Phasen: die Phase der Aufgabenverteilung, die Phase der parallelen Bearbeitung mit entsprechenden Abstimmungen und die Phase der Zusammenf{\"u}hrung der Ergebnisse. Die verf{\"u}gbare Planungssoftware unterst{\"u}tzt {\"u}berwiegend nur die Bearbeitung in der zweiten Phase und den Austausch der Datenbest{\"a}nde durch Dokumente. Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer Systemarchitektur, die in ihrem Grundsatz alle Phasen der verteilten Bearbeitung und unterschiedliche Arten der Kooperation (asynchron, parallel, wechselseitig) ber{\"u}cksichtigt und bestehende Anwendungen integriert. Das gemeinsame Arbeitsmaterial der Beteiligten wird nicht als Dokumentmenge, sondern als Menge von Objekt- und Elementversionen und deren Beziehungen abstrahiert. Elemente erweitern Objekte um applikationsunabh{\"a}ngige Eigenschaften (Features). F{\"u}r die Bearbeitung einer Aufgabe werden Teilmengen auf Basis der Features gebildet, f{\"u}r deren Elemente neue Versionen abgeleitet und in einen privaten Arbeitsbereich geladen werden. Die Bearbeitung wird auf Operationen zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt, mit denen das gemeinsame Arbeitsmaterial konsistent zu halten ist. Die Systemarchitektur wird formal mit Mitteln der Mathematik beschrieben, verf{\"u}gbare Technologie beschrieben und deren Einsatz in einem Umsetzungskonzept dargestellt. Das Umsetzungskonzept wird pilothaft implementiert. Dies erfolgt in der Umgebung des Internet in der Sprache Java unter Verwendung eines Versionsverwaltungswerkzeuges und relationalen Datenbanken.}, subject = {Planungsprozess}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HauschildBorrmannHuebler2004, author = {Hauschild, Thomas and Borrmann, Andr{\´e} and H{\"u}bler, Reinhard}, title = {Integration of Constraints into Digital Building Models for Cooperative Planning Processes}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.177}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1775}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The uniqueness and the long life cycle of buildings imply a dynamically modifiable building model. The technological foundation for the management of digital building models, a dynamic model management system (MMS), developed by our research group, allows to explicitly access and to modify the object model of the stored planning data. In this paper, the integration of constraints in digital building models will be shown. Constraints are conditions, which apply to the instances of domain model classes, and are defined by the user at runtime of the information system. For the expression of constraints, the Constraint Modelling Language (CML) has been developed and will be described in this paper. CML is a powerful, intuitively usable object-oriented language, which allows the expression of constraints at a high semantic level. A constrained-enabled MMS can verify, whether an instance fulfils the applying constraints. To ensure flexibility, the evaluation of constraints is not implicitly performed by the systems, but explicitly initiated by the user. A classification of constraint types and example usage scenarios are given.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SoibelmanO'BrienElvin2004, author = {Soibelman, Lucio and O'Brien, William and Elvin, George}, title = {Collaborative Design Processes: A Class on Concurrent Collaboration in Multidisciplinary Design}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.194}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1948}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The rise of concurrent engineering in construction demands early team formation and constant communication throughout the project life cycle, but educational models in architecture, engineering and construction have been slow to adjust to this shift in project organization. Most students in these fields spend the majority of their college years working on individual projects that do not build teamwork or communication skills. Collaborative Design Processes (CDP) is a capstone design course where students from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of Florida learn methods of collaborative design enhanced by the use of information technology. Students work in multidisciplinary teams to collaborate from remote locations via the Internet on the design of a facility. An innovation of this course compared to previous efforts is that students also develop process designs for the integration of technology into the work of multidisciplinary design teams. The course thus combines both active and reflective learning about collaborative design and methods. The course is designed to provide students the experience, tools, and methods needed to improve design processes and better integrate the use of technology into AEC industry work practices. This paper describes the goals, outcomes and significance of this new, interdisciplinary course for distributed AEC education. Differences from existing efforts and lessons learned to promote collaborative practices are discussed. Principal conclusions are that the course presents effective pedagogy to promote collaborative design methods, but faces challenges in both technology and in traditional intra-disciplinary training of students.}, subject = {Hochschulbildung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KellerAntoniadisMenzel2004, author = {Keller, Martin and Antoniadis, George and Menzel, Karsten}, title = {Resource Management for the Construction Industry}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.167}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1679}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The management of resources is an essential task in each construction company. Today, ERP systems and e-Business systems are available to assist construction companies to efficiently organise the allocation of their personnel and equipment within the company, but they cannot provide the company with the idle resources for every single task that has to be performed during a construction project. Therefore, companies should have an alternative solution to better exploit expensive resources and compensate their fixed costs, but also have them available at the right time for their own business activities. This paper outlines the approach taken by the EU funded project "e-Sharing" (IST-2001-33325) to support resource management between construction companies. It will describe requirements for the management of construction resources, its core features, and the integration approach. Therefore, we will outline the approach of an integrated resource type model supporting the management and classification of construction equipment, construction tasks and qualification profiles. The development is based on a cross-domain analysis and evaluation of existing models. ...}, subject = {Baubetrieb}, language = {en} } @article{LikhitruangsilpIoannou2004, author = {Likhitruangsilp, Veerasak and Ioannou, Photios}, title = {Risk-sensitive Markov Decision Process for Underground Construction Planning and Estimating}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.224}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2247}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents an application of dynamic decision making under uncertainty in planning and estimating underground construction. The application of the proposed methodology is illustrated by its application to an actual tunneling project—The Hanging Lake Tunnel Project in Colorado, USA. To encompass the typical risks in underground construction, tunneling decisions are structured as a risk-sensitive Markov decision process that reflects the decision process faced by a contractor in each tunneling round. This decision process consists of five basic components: (1) decision stages (locations), (2) system states (ground classes and tunneling methods), (3) alternatives (tunneling methods), (4) ground class transition probabilities, and (5) tunneling cost structure. The paper also presents concepts related to risk preference that are necessary to model the contractor's risk attitude, including the lottery concept, utility theory, and the delta property. The optimality equation is formulated, the model components are defined, and the model is solved by stochastic dynamic programming. The main results are the optimal construction plans and risk-adjusted project costs, both of which reflect the dynamics of subsurface construction, the uncertainty about geologic variability as a function of available information, and the contractor's risk preference.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{YabukiKotaniShitani2004, author = {Yabuki, Nobuyoshi and Kotani, Jun and Shitani, Tomoaki}, title = {A Steel Bridge Design System Architecture using VR-CAD and Web Service-based Multi-Agents}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2146}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents a new design environment based on Multi-Agents and Virtual Reality (VR). In this research, a design system with a virtual reality function was developed. The virtual world was realized by using GL4Java, liquid crystal shutter glasses, sensor systems, etc. And the Multi-Agent CAD system with product models, which had been developed before, was integrated with the VR design system. A prototype system was developed for highway steel plate girder bridges, and was applied to a design problem. The application verified the effectiveness of the developed system.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MenzelDittrichDomschke2004, author = {Menzel, Karsten and Dittrich, J{\"o}rg and Domschke, Sven}, title = {About the implantation process of mobile computing in AEC}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.110}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1106}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The AEC industry is conscious of the potentials arising from the usage of mobile computer systems to increase productivity by streamlining their business processes. Discussions are no longer on whether or not to use a mobile computer solution, but rather, on how it should be used. However, the implantation process of this new technology in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) and Facility Management (FM) practise is very slow and should be improved. One way to encourage and ease the usage of mobile computer systems in AEC is a more process-oriented usability and context appropriateness of mobile computer solutions. Context-sensitivity is defined as a crucial feature to be taken into account for further research in the area of Mobile Computing. Context-sensitive, mobile IT-solutions depend on two features: (1) flexible definitions of (construction) processes describing the context and (2) tools for flexible, multi-dimensional information management representing the context. It is on this premise that the authors propose the n-dimensional data management approach for the implementation of mobile computing solutions. In this paper, we analyse working scenarios in the AEC and FM sector, defining context aspects which are transformed and formalized as dimension hierarchies of the envisaged context model.}, subject = {Mobile Computing}, language = {en} } @article{vanTreeckRank2004, author = {van Treeck, Christoph and Rank, Ernst}, title = {Analysis of building structure and topology based on Graph Theory}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.230}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2308}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Individual views on a building product of people involved in the design process imply different models for planning and calculation. In order to interpret these geometrical, topological and semantical data of a building model we identify a structural component graph, a graph of room faces, a room graph and a relational object graph as aids and we explain algorithms to derive these relations. The application of the technique presented is demonstrated by the analysis and discretization of a sample model in the scope of building energy simulation.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GordonAkinciGarrett2004, author = {Gordon, Chris and Akinci, Burcu and Garrett, James H.}, title = {An Approach for Planning Sensor-Based Inspection of the Built Environment}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.150}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1500}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The promise of lower costs for sensors that can be used for construction inspection means that inspectors will continue to have new choices to consider in creating inspection plans. However, these emerging inspection methods can require different activities, resources, and decisions such that it can be difficult to compare the emerging methods with other methods that satisfy the same inspection needs. Furthermore, the context in which inspection is performed can significantly influence how well certain inspection methods are suited for a given set of goals for inspection. Context information, such as weather, security, and the regulatory environment, can be used to understand what information about a component should be collected and how an inspection should be performed. The research described in this paper is aimed at developing an approach for comparing and selecting inspection plans. This approach consists of (1) refinement of given goals for inspection, if necessary, in order to address any additional information needs due to a given context and in order to reach a level of detail that can be addressed by an inspection activity; (2) development of constraints to describe how an inspection should be achieved; (3) matching of goals to available inspection methods, and generation of activities and resource plans in order to address the goals; and (4) selection of an inspection plan from among the possible plans that have been identified. The authors illustrate this approach with observations made at a local construction site.}, subject = {Monitor{\"u}berwachung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{vanRooyenOlivier2004, author = {van Rooyen, G.C. and Olivier, A. H.}, title = {Notes on structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.145}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1451}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The worldwide growth of communication networks and associated technologies provide the basic infrastructure for new ways of executing the engineering process. Collaboration amongst team members seperated in time and location is of particular importance. Two broad themes can be recognized in research pertaining to distributed collaboration. One theme focusses on the technical and technological aspects of distributed work, while the other emphasises human aspects thereof. The case of finite element structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory is examined in this paper. An approach is taken which has its roots in human aspects of the structural analysis task. Based on experience of how structural engineers currently approach and execute this task while utilising standard software designed for use on local workstations only, criteria are stated for a software architechture that could support collaborative structural analysis. Aspects of a pilot application and the results of qualitative performance measurements are discussed.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ChengLauLaw2004, author = {Cheng, Jinxing and Lau, Gloria and Law, Kincho}, title = {A simulation access language and framework for project management applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.156}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1567}, year = {2004}, abstract = {As computer programs become ever more complex, software development has shifted from focusing on programming towards focusing on integration. This paper describes a simulation access language (SimAL) that can be used to access and compose software applications over the Internet. Specifically, the framework is developed for the integration of tools for project management applications. The infrastructure allows users to specify and to use existing heterogeneous tools (e.g., Microsoft Project, Microsoft Excel, Primavera Project Planner, and AutoCAD) for simulation of project scenarios. This paper describes the components of the SimAL language and the implementation efforts required in the development of the SimAL framework. An illustration example bringing on-line weather forecasting service for project scheduling and management applications is provided to demonstrate the use of the simulation language and the infrastructure framework.}, subject = {Hochschulbildung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JianpingTianyiQiping2004, author = {Jianping, Zhang and Tianyi, Ma and Qiping, Shen}, title = {Application of Data Warehouse and Data Mining in Construction Management}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.124}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1247}, year = {2004}, abstract = {All construction project are constrained by their schedules, budgets and specifications, and safety and environmental regulations. These constraints made construction management more complex and difficult. At the same time, many historical data that can support the decisions in the future are kept in construction enterprises,. To use the historical data effectively and efficiently, it is essential to apply the data warehouse and data mining technologies. This paper introduces a research which aims to develop a data warehouse system according to the requirements of construction enterprises and use data mining technology to learn useful information and knowledge from the data warehouse system. The design, the development and the application of this system are detailedly introduced in this paper.}, subject = {Bauwerk}, language = {en} } @article{WeiseKatranuschkovScherer2004, author = {Weise, Matthias and Katranuschkov, Peter and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {Generic Services for the Support of Evolving Building Model Data}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.207}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2077}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Many problems related to data integration in AEC can be better tackled by an approach that takes into account the heterogeneity of tasks, models and applications but does not require continuous consistency of the evolving design data, at each data management operation. Such an approach must incorporate adequate services that can facilitate reintegration of concurrently modified data at reasonably selected coordination points. In this paper we present a set of methods which, used in combination, can achieve that goal. After a description of the principal envisaged cooperative work scenario each of these methods is discussed in detail and current observations drawn from their software realisation are given. Whilst the suggested approach is valid for any EXPRESS-based data model, the practical focus of work has been on facilitating IFC-driven integration.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenigKlingerBerkhahn2004, author = {K{\"o}nig, Markus and Klinger, Axel and Berkhahn, Volker}, title = {Structural Correctness of Planning Processes in Building Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.169}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1690}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The planning of projects in building engineering is a complex process which is characterized by a dynamical composition and many modifications during the definition and execution time of processes. For a computer-aided and network-based cooperation a formal description of the planning process is necessary. In the research project "Relational Process Modelling in Cooperative Building Planning" a process model is described by three parts: an organizational structure with participants, a building structure with states and a process structure with activities. This research project is part of the priority program 1103 "Network-Based Cooperative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering" promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Planning processes in civil engineering can be described by workflow graphs. The process structure describes the logical planning process and can be formally defined by a bipartite graph. This structure consists of activities, transitions and relationships between activities and transitions. In order to minimize errors at execution time of a planning process a consistent and structurally correct process model must be guaranteed. This contribution considers the concept and the algorithms for checking the consistency and the correctness of the process structure.}, subject = {Baubetrieb}, language = {de} } @article{Abdalla2004, author = {Abdalla, Jamal}, title = {Elements of an Agent-based Mediative Communication Protocol for Design Objects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2207}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Integrated structural engineering system usually consists of large number of design objects that may be distributed across different platforms. These design objects need to communicate data and information among each other. For efficient communication among design objects a common communication protocol need to be defined. This paper presents the elements of a communication protocol that uses a mediator agent to facilitate communication among design objects. This protocol is termed the Mediative Communication Protocol (MCP). The protocol uses certain design communication performatives and the semantics of an Agent Communication language (ACL) mainly the Knowledge and Query Manipulation Language (KQML) to implement its steps. Details of a Mediator Agent, that will facilitate the communication among design objects, is presented. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to present the Meditative protocol and show how the mediator agent can be use to execute the steps of the meditative communication protocol. An example from structural engineering application is presented to demonstrate and validate the protocol. It is concluded that the meditative protocol is a viable protocol to facilitate object-to-object communication and also has potential to facilitate communication among the different project participants at the higher level of integrated structural engineering systems.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{GaoWuRen2004, author = {Gao, Zuoren and Wu, Weiyu and Ren, Aizhu}, title = {Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Suzuki2004, author = {Suzuki, Aketo}, title = {Numerical Analysis for Prediction as to Influence of Digging a Tunnel on Groundwater}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.113}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1133}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper describes monitoring of the in-valley discharge and underground water level at the place where the tunnel will be constructed and also, the numerical analysis for prediction applying the Tank Model and Linear Filter Method to calculate the prediction. The application of these analyses has actually allowed the change of underground water level to be grasped and more effective information system to be established by comparing the real-time monitoring data with the real-time calculation of prediction.}, subject = {Mobile Computing}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{XieIssaO'Brien2004, author = {Xie, Haiyan and Issa, Raja and O'Brien, William}, title = {Structure of a Formal User Model for Construction Information Retrieval}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.129}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1296}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Information science researchers and developers have spent many years addressing the problem of retrieving the exact information needed and using it for analysis purposes. In informationseeking dialogues, the user, i.e. construction project manager or supplier, often asks questions about specific aspects of the tasks they want to perform. But most of the time it is difficult for the software systems to unambiguously understand their overall intentions. The existence of information tunnels (Tannenbaum 2002) aggravates this phenomenon. This study includes a detailed case study of the material management process in the construction industry. Based on this case study, the structure of a formal user model for information retrieval in construction management is proposed. This prototype user model will be incorporated into the system design for construction information management and retrieval. This information retrieval system is a user-centered product based on the development of a user configurable visitor mechanism for managing and retrieving project information without worrying too much about the underlying data structure of the database system. An executable UML model combined with OODB is used to reduce the ambiguity in the user's intentions and to achieve user satisfaction.}, subject = {Bauwerk}, language = {en} } @article{TakagiTaniKawamura2004, author = {Takagi, Kousuke and Tani, Akinori and Kawamura, Hiroshi}, title = {Research on Intelligent Fuzzy Optimal Active and Hybrid Control Systems of Building Structures - Verification of Optimization Method on Switching Rules of Control Forces}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.223}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2238}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Recently, many reseraches on active control systems of building structures are preformed based on modern control theory and are installed real buildings. The authors have already proposed intelligent fuzzy optimal active control (IFOAC) systems. IFOAC systems imitate intelligent activities of human brains such as prediction, adaptation, decision-kaking and so on. In IFOAC systems, objective and subjective judgements on the active control can be taken into account. However, IFOAC systems are considered to be suitable for far-field erathquake and control effect becomes small in case of near-field earthqaukes which include a few velosity pules with large amplitudes. To improve control effect in case of near-souece earthquakes, the authors have also proposed hybrid control (HC) systems, in which IFOAC systems and fuzzy control system are combined. In HC systems, the fuzzy control systems are introduced as a reflective fuzzy active control (RFAC) system and imitates spinal reflection of human. In HC systems, active control forces are activated to buildings in accordance with switching rules on active control forces. In this paper, optimizations on fuzzy control rules in RFAC system and switching rules of active control forces in HC system are performed by Parameter-Free Genetic Algorithms (PfGAs). Here, the optimization is performed by using different earthquake inputs. The results of digital simulations show that the HC system can reduce maximal response displacements under restrictions on strokes of the actuator effectively in case of a near-source earthquake and the effectiveness of the proposed HC system is discussed and clarified.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{WillenbacherHuebler2004, author = {Willenbacher, Heiko and H{\"u}bler, Reinhard}, title = {Intelligent Link-Management for the Support of Integration in Building Life Cycle}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2223}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The processes in the life cycle of buildings are characterised by highly distinct teamwork. The integration of all the distributed working participants, by providing an environment, which especially supports the communication and collaboration between the actors, is a fundamental step to improve the efficiency of the involved processes and to reduce the total costs. In this article, a link based modelling approach and its "intelligent" link management is introduced (1). This approach realises an integration environment based on a special building model that acts as a decision support system. The link-based modelling is characterised by the definition and specialisation of links between partial models. These intelligent managed links enable a very flexible and task specific data access and exchange between all the different views and partial models of the participants.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MilesCenTaylor2004, author = {Miles, John and Cen, Mei and Taylor, Mark}, title = {Linking Sketching and Constraint Checking for Early Conceptual Design}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1548}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1547}, year = {2004}, abstract = {At the start of the conceptual design process, designers start to give tangible form to their thoughts by sketching. This helps with reasoning and communicates ideas to other members of the team. Sketches are gradually worked up into more formal drawings which are then passed to the other stages of the design process. There are however some problems with basing early ideas on sketching. For example, due to their ad-hoc nature, sketches tend only to be diagrammatic representations and so designers cannot be sure that their ideas are feasible and what is being proposed meets the constraints described in the client brief. This can result in designers wasting time working up ideas which prove to be unsuitable. Also the process of constraint checking is complex and time consuming and so designers tend limit their search of possible options and instead choose satisfying rather than good solutions. This paper describes the INTEGRA project which examines the role of sketching in early conceptual design and how this can be linked to other aspects of the process and particularly automated constraint checking using an IT based approach. The focus for the work is the design of framed buildings. A multi-disciplinary approach has been adopted and the work has been undertaken in close collaboration with practising designers and clients.}, subject = {Konzipieren }, language = {en} } @article{MotawaAnumbaElHamalawi2004, author = {Motawa, Ibrahim and Anumba, Chimay and El-Hamalawi, A.}, title = {Development of a Fuzzy System for Change Prediction in Construction Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.218}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2180}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Change management has been the focus of different IT systems. These IT systems were developed to represent design information, record design rationale, facilitate design coordination and changes. They are largely based on managing reactive changes, particularly design changes, in which changes are recorded and then propagated to the relevant project members. However, proactive changes are hardly dealt with in IT systems. Proactive changes require estimating the likelihood of occurrence of a change event as well as estimating the degree of change impacts on project parameters. Changes in construction projects often result from the uncertainty associated with the imprecise and vague knowledge of much project information at the early stages of projects. This is a major outcome of the case studies carried out as part of this research. Therefore, the proposed model considers that incomplete knowledge and certain project characteristics are always behind change causes. For proactive changes, predicting a change event is the main task for modelling. The prediction model should strive to integrate these main elements: 1) project characteristics that lead to change 2) causes of change, 3) the likelihood of change occurrence, and 4) the change consequences. It should also define the dependency relationships between these elements. However, limited data (documented) are only available from previous projects for change cases and many of the above elements can only be expressed in linguistic terms. This means that the model will simulate the uncertainty and subjectivity associated with these sets of elements. Therefore, a fuzzy model is proposed in this research to capture these elements. The model analyses the impact of each set of elements on the other by assigning fuzzy values for these elements that express the uncertainty and subjectivity of their impact. The main aim is to predict change events and evaluate change effects on project parameters. The fuzzy model described above was developed in an IT system for operational purposes and was designed as a Java package of components with their supporting classes, beans, and files. This paper describes the development and the architecture of the proposed IT system to achieve these requirements. The system is intended to help project teams in dealing with change causes and then the change consequences in construction projects.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MilesJoitaBurnap2004, author = {Miles, John and Joita, Liviu and Burnap, Peter}, title = {Collaborative Engineering: Virtual Teams in a Grid Environment Supporting Consortia in the Construction Industry}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.136}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1362}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In the AEC (Architecture / Engineering / Construction) industry a number of individuals and organisations collaborate and work jointly on a construction project. The resulting consortium has large pool of expertise and experience and can be defined as a Virtual Organisation (VO) formed for the duration of the project. VOs are electronically networked organisations where IT and web based communication technology play an important role in coordinating various activities of these organisations. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of a Grid enabled application called the Product Supplier Catalogue Database (PSCD) which supports collaborative working in consortia. As part of the Grid-enabling process, specialised metadata is being developed to enable PSCD to effectively utilise Grid middleware such as Globus and Java CoG toolkits. We also describe our experience whilst designing, developing and deploying the security service of the application using the Globus Security Interface (GSI).}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Palm2004, author = {Palm, Johan}, title = {Integrated Engineering Workflow focused on the Structural Engineering in the Industrial Environment}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.162}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1625}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The engineering and construction industry has been slow to exploit the full potential of information technology. The industry is highly fragmented, price sensitive, risk-adverse, and profit margins are small. Each project is unique with a small amount of technological innovation opportunities to capitalise on from one project to the next. Technological innovations that have been taking place are just simulating the old traditional paper workflow. Engineering information in digital form is being conveyed using traditional paper representations, which have to be interpreted by humans before the information can be used in other applications, thereby creating 'islands of information'. It can be seen that poorly implemented IT strategies are duplicating paperwork, rather than reducing or eliminating it (Crowley et al., 2000). This paper will introduce the Integrated Engineering Workflow (IEW) concept to re-organise a structural discipline working on multi-disciplinary projects so as to maximise the advantages offered by new information technology.}, subject = {Baubetrieb}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Olivier2004, author = {Olivier, A. H.}, title = {An application-centred framework for distributed engineering applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.135}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1353}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The conceptual structure of an application that can support the structural analysis task in a distributed collaboratory is described in (van Rooyen and Olivier 2004). The application described there has a standalone component for executing the finite element method on a local workstation in the absence of network access. This application is comparable to current, local workstation based finite element packages. However, it differs fundamentally from standard packages since the application itself, and its objects, are adapted to support distributed execution of the analysis task. Basic aspects of an object-oriented framework for the development of applications which can be used in similar distributed collaboratories are described in this paper. An important feature of this framework is its application-centred design. This means that an application can contain any number of engineering models, where the models are formed by the collection of objects according to semantic views within the application. This is achieved through very flexible classes Application and Model, which are described in detail. The advantages of the application-centred design approach is demonstrated with reference to the design of steel structures, where the finite element analysis model, member design model and connection design model interact to provide the required functionality.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @article{YabukiYoshimura2004, author = {Yabuki, Nobuyoshi and Yoshimura, Yutaka}, title = {An Evaluation System for Steel Structures of Hydroelectric Power Stations based on Fault Tree Analysis and Performance Maps}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.256}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2564}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents an evaluation system for steel structures of hydroelectric power stations, including hydraulic gates and penstocks, based on Fault Tree Analyasis (FTA) and performance maps. This system consists of fault tree diagrams of FTA, performance maps, design and analysis systems, and engineerin databases. These four modules are integrated by appropriate hyperlinks so that the user of this system can use it easily and seamlessly. A well developed system was applied to some illustrative example cases, and they showed that the developed methodology and system worked well and the users found the system useful and effective for their maintenance tasks at powerstations.}, subject = {Wissensmanagement}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CheungNoruziaanLi2004, author = {Cheung, Moe M. S. and Noruziaan, Bahman and Li, W. C.}, title = {Data acquisition, processing and management systems for a Canadian bridge monitoring project}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.123}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1235}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper will present a number of technical aspects for one of the most elaborate instrumentation and data acquisition projects ever undertaken in Canada. Confederation Bridge, the longest bridge built over ice covered seawater has been equipped with the state of the art data acquistition devices and systems as well as data transfer networks. The Bridge has been providing a fixed surface connection between Prince Edward Island and Province of New Brunswick in Canada since its opening in 1997. The Bridge has a rather long design service life of 100 years. Because of its large size and long span length, its design is not covered by any existing codes or standards worldwide. The focus of the paper is to introduce the data acquisition, transfer, processing and management systems. The instrumentation and communications infrastructure and devices will be presented in some details along with the data processing and management systems and techniques. Teams of engineers and researchers use the collected data to verify the analysis and design assumptions and parameters as well as investigate the short-term and long-term behaviour and health of the Bridge. The collected data are also used in furthering research activities in the field of bridge engineering and in elevating our knowledge about behaviour, reliability and durability of such complex structures, their components and materials.}, subject = {Bauwerk}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ChouHsieh2004, author = {Chou, Yu-Hur and Hsieh, Shang-Hsien}, title = {Design of Partial Scoring Assessment System for Reinforcement Concrete Design Course : Development of Partial Scoring Assessment System for Reinforcement Concrete Design Course}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.90}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-905}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In the field of Civil Engineering, the content of reinforcement concrete design course (RC course) has complicated design procedures and many difficult specifications to recognize, so most of the students regard the RC course a tough course, and teachers very often find the class time insufficient. Also, teachers of the RC course usually spend a lot of time in organizing the examinations for handling tedious calculations and complicated logical reasoning. Furthermore, correcting examination papers with partial scoring takes even more time of the teacher's. Therefore, the objective of this research is to design and develop a partial scoring assessment system to meet the needs in engineering design courses, such as the RC course. This assessment system can generate test items with variable parameters. It also supports inference diagnosis on the examinee's misconceptions and gives partial scores in grading the examination. In this research, the example test subject is the analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beam with single layer steel bars.}, subject = {Bautechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuergyGarrett2004, author = {B{\"u}rgy, Christian and Garrett, James H.}, title = {Supporting Domain Experts in Determining Viable User Interface Designs for Wearable Computers Used in AEC Work Situations}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.116}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1168}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The design of mobile IT systems, especially the design of wearable computer systems, is a complex task that requires computer science knowledge, such as that related to hardware configuration and software development, in addition to knowledge of the domain in which the system is intended to be used. Particularly in the AEC sector, it is necessary that the support from mobile information technology fit the work situation at hand. Ideally, the domain expert alone can adjust the wearable computer system to achieve this fit without having to consult IT experts. In this paper, we describe a model that helps in transferring existing design knowledge from non-AEC domains to new projects in the construction area. The base for this is a model and a methodology that describes the usage scenarios of said computer systems in an application-neutral and domain-independent way. Thus, the actual design information and experience will be transferable between different applications and domains.}, subject = {Mobile Computing}, language = {en} } @article{KicingerArciszewskiDeJong2004, author = {Kicinger, Rafal and Arciszewski, Tomasz and De Jong, Kenneth}, title = {Distributed Evolutionary Design: Island-Model-based Optimization of Steel Skeleton Structures in Tall Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.219}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2195}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents results of a study on distributed, or parallel, evolutionary computation in the topological design of steel structural systems in tall buildings. It describes results of extensive experimental research on various parallel evolutionary architectures applied to a complex structural design problem. The experiments were conducted using Inventor 2003, a networkbased evolutionary design support tool developed at George Mason University. First, a general introduction to evolutionary computation is provided with an emphasis on recent developments in parallel evolutionary architectures. Next, a discussion of conceptual design of steel structural systems in tall buildings is presented. Further, Inventor 2003 is briefly introduced as well as its design representation and evolutionary computation characteristics. Next, the results obtained from systematic design experiments conducted with Inventor 2003 are discussed. The objective of these experiments was to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate evolution of steel structural systems in tall buildings during a distributed evolutionary design process as well as to compare efficiency and effectiveness of various parallel evolutionary architectures with the traditional evolutionary design approaches. Two connectivity topologies (ring topology and fully-connected topology) have been investigated for four populations of structural designs evolving in parallel and using various migration strategies. Also, results of the initial sensitivity studies are reported in which two ways of initializing distributed evolutionary design processes were investigated, using either arbitrarily selected designs as initial parents or randomly generated ones. Finally, initial research conclusions are presented.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BreitKuendigHaeubi2004, author = {Breit, Manfred and K{\"u}ndig, Daniel and H{\"a}ubi, Fritz}, title = {Project oriented learning environment (POLE-Europe)}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.93}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-935}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The presented work focuses on collaboration- experiences gathered with complex design and engineering projects, using the learning platform POLE- Europe. Within the POLE environment student-teams from different universities, disciplines and cultural backgrounds are assigned to real-world projects with clearly defined design - tasks, usually to be accomplished within one semester while working in a virtual environment for most of the time. The concept of POLE and the information and collaboration technology is described.}, subject = {Bautechnik}, language = {en} } @article{MilbradtSchierbaumSchwoeppe2004, author = {Milbradt, Peter and Schierbaum, Jochen and Schw{\"o}ppe, Axel}, title = {Finite Cell-Elements of Higher Order}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.252}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2524}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The method of the finite elements is an adaptable numerical procedure for interpolation as well as for the numerical approximation of solutions of partial differential equations. The basis of these procedure is the formulation of suitable finite elements and element decompositions of the solution space. Classical finite elements are based on triangles or quadrangles in the two-dimensional space and tetrahedron or hexahedron in the threedimensional space. The use of arbitrary-dimensional convex and non-convex polyhedrons as the geometrical basis of finite elements increases the flexibility of generating finite element decompositions substantially and is sometimes the only way to get a clear decomposition...}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HassanShelbournCarter2004, author = {Hassan, Tarek and Shelbourn, Mark and Carter, Chris}, title = {Collaboration in Construction: Legal and Contractual Issues in ICT Applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2007}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2005}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The construction industry is a project-based business bringing together many different organisations to complete a desired goal. The strategic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has enabled this goal to be completed more effectively. Two issues require addressing, the technology itself and the implementation factors of the technology. Such implementation factors should consider, among other factors, the legal and contractual issues associated with the use of ICT, training requirements and its effects on the organisational culture. To date the legal and contractual issues have not been extensively covered, and it is recognised that the technologies have not been properly covered by any recognised legal and contractual practices. This in turn is threatening to inhibit the growth and prosperity of the use of the technology on construction projects. This paper discusses these legal and contractual issues and describes methods and tools that can be used to enable the growth of technology to be used in a legal and contractually valid environment.}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {en} } @article{ElRayesHyari2004, author = {El-Rayes, Khaled and Hyari, Khalied}, title = {A Multi-objective Model for Optimizing Construction Planning of Repetitive Infrastructure Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.213}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2135}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper presents the development of a model for optimizing resource utilization in repetitive infrastructure projects. The model provides the capability of simultaneous minimization of both project duration and work interruptions for construction crews. The model provides in a single run, a set of nondominated solutions that represent the tradeoff between these two objectives. The model incorporates a multiobjective genetic algorithm and scheduling algorithm. The model initially generates a randomly selected set of solutions that evolves to a near optimal set of tradeoff solutions in subsequent generations. Each solution represents a unique scheduling solution that is associated with certain project duration and a number of interruption days for utilized construction crews. As such, the model provides project planners with alternative schedules along with their expected duration and resource utilization efficiency.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FloodIssaAbuShdid2004, author = {Flood, Ian and Issa, Raja and Abu-Shdid, Caesar}, title = {Developments in Hyper Real-Time Simulation of Transient Heat-Flow in Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.196}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1961}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper reports on the latest results in the development of a new approach for simulating the thermal behavior of buildings that overcomes the limitations of conventional heat-transfer simulation methods such as FDM and FEM. The proposed technique uses a coarse-grain approach to model development whereby each element represents a complete building component such as a wall, internal space, or floor. The thermal behavior of each coarse-grain element is captured using empirical modeling techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs). The main advantages of the approach compared to conventional simulation methods are: (a) simplified model construction for the end-user; (b) simplified model reconfiguration; (c) significantly faster simulation runs (orders of magnitude faster for two and three-dimensional models); and (d) potentially more accurate results. The paper demonstrates the viability of the approach through a number of experiments with a model of a composite wall. The approach is shown to be able to sustain highly accurate longterm simulation runs, if the coarse-grain modeling elements are implemented as ANNs. In contrast, an implementation of the coarse-grain elements using a linear model is shown to function inaccurately and erratically. The paper concludes with an identification of on-going work and future areas for development of the technique.}, subject = {Hochschulbildung}, language = {en} } @article{KaklauskasCervenkaCervenka2004, author = {Kaklauskas, Gintaris and Cervenka, Vladimir and Cervenka, Jan}, title = {Deflection Calculation of RC Beams: Finite Element Software versus Design Code Methods}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.249}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2498}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper investigates accuracy of deflection predictions made by the finite element package ATENA and design code methods ACI and EC2. Deflections have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported by three investigators. Statistical parameters have been established for each of the technique at different load levels, separately for the beams with small and moderate reinforcement ratio.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BiltchoukPahl2004, author = {Biltchouk, Irina and Pahl, Peter Jan}, title = {Interaction of Data Bases and Graphical Interfaces in Civil Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.163}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1636}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Applications for civil engineering tasks usually contain graphical user interfaces for the engineering processes. Persistent objects of the applications are stored to data bases. The influence of the interaction between a graphical user interface and a data base for the development of an civil engineering application is investigated in this paper. A graphic application for the linear elastic analysis of plane frames, which was previously developed with standard tools of the Java platform, is compared to a redesigned implementation using a generalized data base for persistent objects. The investigation leads to the following results : - A strict distinction between persistent and transient objects influences the class structure of an application, in particular the class structure of a graphical user interface. - The structure of an application depends on the logic for updating of references to persistent and transient graphical objects after an application is read from a file. - The complexity of the reference management can usually be handled better by just in time referencing associated with String - identifiers rather than by automated referencing associated with Name - identifiers.}, subject = {Baubetrieb}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TonnWolkowiczThurow2004, author = {Tonn, Christian and Wolkowicz, Christian and Thurow, Torsten}, title = {Plausibility in Architectural Design - DOMEdesign - Software Support for the formal shaping and architect-oriented design of shell structures}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.181}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1812}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Complex gridshell structures used in architecturally ambitious constructions remain as appealing as ever in the public realm. This paper describes the theory and approach behind the software realisation of a tool which helps in finding the affine self-weight geometry of gridshell structures. The software tool DOMEdesign supports the formal design process of lattice and grid shell structures based upon the laws of physics. The computer-aided simulation of suspension models is used to derive structurally favourable forms for domes and arches subject to compression load, based upon the input of simple architectonic parameters. Irregular plans, three-dimensional topography, a choice different kinds of shell lattice structures and the desired height of the dome are examples of design parameters which can be used to modify the architectural design. The provision of data export formats for structural dimensioning and visualisation software enables engineers and planners to use the data in future planning and to communicate the design to the client.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @article{KatranuschkovGehreScherer2004, author = {Katranuschkov, Peter and Gehre, Alexander and Scherer, Raimar J.}, title = {User Requirements Capture in Distributed Project Environments: A Process-centred Approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2029}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Efforts to define standards for representing AEC/FM data have been fairly successful. However defining a standard reference process model has not met with the same success. Yet almost every conceptual modelling or software development project starts by defining the business processes to be supported and the related requirements to be satisfied. This paper describes a new process-centred methodology for user requirements capture developed in the ICCI project (IST-2001-33022). Its essence is in recognising user requirements and use cases in the context of the real construction process, identifying the actors and roles for each individual activity and associating these activities with information, communication and standardisation requirements on the basis of a formalised specification, named the Process Matrix. In the paper we outline the history of process matrix development, introduce the basic structure of the matrix and show how it can be further extended and refined. We present also a web-based software implementation of the developed approach, describe how it has been used in ICCI and outline further perspectives.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaueWeitzmann2004, author = {Raue, Erich and Weitzmann, R{\"u}diger}, title = {Analysis and Design of Hybrid Structures using Optimization Strategies}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.102}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1023}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper gives a general overview and concerns with a specified set of computer-aided analysis modules for hybrid structures loaded by extreme excitations. All problems are solved by methods of linear, quadratic or nonlinear mathematical optimization, that leads to very effective and economic design solutions. All approaches are derived from general optimization problem that can be easily altered to conform to specific design tasks. Some advantages and possibilities of hybrid structural modeling (single or mixed model-supported) are discussed. The methods will be illustrated by an example structure and optimization schemes.}, subject = {Konzipieren }, language = {en} } @article{MaQin2004, author = {Ma, Zhiliang and Qin, Liang}, title = {A Framework of Management Information System for Construction Projects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.212}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2126}, year = {2004}, abstract = {A comprehensive framework of information management system for construction projects in China has been established through extensive literature survey and field investigation. It utilizes the potential information technologies and covers the practical management patterns as well as the major aspects of construction project management. It can be used to guide and evaluate the design of the information management systems for construction projects in order to make the system to be applicable to a wide variety of construction projects and survive the changes in project management.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MaWongYang2004, author = {Ma, Zhiliang and Wong, K. D. and Yang, Jun}, title = {An Approach to Utilizing Exchanged Documents in Construction Projects Based on Data Warehouse Technology}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.122}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1227}, year = {2004}, abstract = {There are many construction projects in China and mass documents are exchanged among the multi-party, including the owner, the contractor and the engineer in the projects. Based on previous studies, an approach to the utilization of the exchanged documents is established by using data warehouse technology and a prototype system called EXPLYZER is developed. The approach and the prototype system are verified through their application in a construction project. It is concluded that the approach can support the decision-making in project management.}, subject = {Bauwerk}, language = {en} } @article{KangMiranda2004, author = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo}, title = {Automated Simulation of the Erection Activities in Virtual Construction}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.231}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2310}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The goal of the research is the development of a computer system to plan, simulate and visualize erection processes in construction. In the research construction cranes are treated as robots with predefined degrees of freedom and crane-specific motion planning techniques are developed to generate time-optimized and collision-free paths for each piece to be erected in the project. Using inverse kinematics and structural dynamics simulation, the computer system then computes the crane motions and velocities necessary to achieve the previously calculated paths. The main benefits of the research are the accurate planning and scheduling of crane operations leading to optimization of crane usage and project schedules, as well as improving overall crane safety in the project. This research is aimed at the development of systems that will allow computer-assisted erection of civil infrastructure and ultimately to achieve fully-automated erection processes using robotic cranes...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{NeubergFankEkkerlein2004, author = {Neuberg, Frank and Fank, Ernst and Ekkerlein, Christian}, title = {Integrated Life Cycle Simulation and Assessment of Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.235}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2351}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Buildings require both for construction and, due to their comparatively long life cycle for maintenance, significant raw material and energy resources. So far available knowledge about resource consumption during an entire life cycle of a building is still quite rare, because various criteria affect each other and/or overlay mutually. In this contribution a model based software concept is presented using an integrated approach for life cycle simulation and assessment of buildings. The essential point of the development consists of connecting an IFC compliant product model of a building via the Internet with data bases for the resource and energy requirement of building materials. Furthermore, numerical simulations allow calculating and minimizing the energy consumption, the resource requirement, the waste streams and also the noxious emissions. In the context of this paper we present the first release of software programs for architects and engineers, which help them to evaluate their design decisions objectively in early planning steps. Additionally the usage of the software is demonstrated by a test case study for a real world building. By applying this software in practice a substantial contribution for saving energy and natural resources can be provided in the sense of sustainable and ecological building design.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GebbekenBaumhauerIonita2004, author = {Gebbeken, Norbert and Baumhauer, Andreas and Ionita, Mihai}, title = {Increasing the Reliability and Performance through Automatization and Parallel Working}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.139}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1397}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Re-examination of the behaviour of structures can be necessary due to deterioration or changes in the traffic situation during their lifetime. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used in order to accomplish numerical analysis. Considering the development of computer performance, more detailed FEM models can be analyzed, even on site, with mobile computers. To compensate the increasing amount of data needed for the model input, measures need to be taken to save time, by distributing the work. In order to provide consistency to the model, fedback data must be checked upon reception. A local wireless computer network of ultra-portable devices linked together with a computer can provide the coordination necessary for efficient parallel working. Based on a digital model consisting of all data gathered, structural modelling and numerical analysis are performed automatically. Thus, the user is released from the work that can be automatized and the time needed for the overall analysis of a structure is decreased.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @article{SemenovAlekseevaTarlapan2004, author = {Semenov, Vitaly and Alekseeva, Elena and Tarlapan, Oleg}, title = {Virtual Construction using Map-based Approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.244}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2447}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper presents a general map-based approach to prototyping of products in virtual reality environments. Virtual prototyping of products is considered as a consistent simulation and visualization process mapping the source product model into its target visual representations. The approach enables to interrelate formally the product and visual information models with each other by defining mapping rules, to specify a prototyping scenario as a composition of map instances, and then to explore particular product models in virtual reality environments by interpreting the composed scenario. Having been realized, the proposed approach provides for the strongly formalized method and the common software framework to build virtual prototyping applications. As a result, the applications gain in expressiveness, reusability and reliability, as well as take on additional runtime flexibility...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{KiviniemiFischer2004, author = {Kiviniemi, Arto and Fischer, Martin}, title = {Requirements Management Interface to Building Product Models}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.242}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2427}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In current AEC practice client requirements are typically recorded in a building program, which, depending on the building type, covers various aspects from the overall goals, activities and spatial needs to very detailed material and condition requirements. This documentation is used as the starting point of the design process, but as the design progresses, it is usually left aside and changes are made incrementally based on the previous design solution. These incremental small changes can lead to a solution that may no longer meet the original requirements. In addition, design is by nature an iterative process and the proposed solutions often also cause evolution in the client requirements. However, the requirements documentation is usually not updated accordingly. Finding the latest updates and evolution of the requirements from the documentation is very difficult, if not impossible. This process can lead to an end result, which is significantly different from the documented requirements. Some important requirements may not be satisfied, and even if the design process was based on agreed-upon changes in the scope and requirements, differences in the requirements documents and in the completed building can lead to well-justified doubts about the quality of the design and construction process...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{KangMiranda2004, author = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo}, title = {Physics Based Model for Simulating the Dynamics of Tower Cranes}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.240}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2409}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{HoltzhauerSaal2004, author = {Holtzhauer, Eric and Saal, Helmut}, title = {Product modelling in the steel construction domain}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.241}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2415}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The complexity of the relationships between the actors of a building project requires high efficiency in communication. Among other things, data sharing is crucial. The exchange of data is made possible by interfaces between expert programs, which rely on product models. The latter are neutral standards with formal definitions of building objects and their attributes. This paper deals with the state of the art and the research activities concerning product models in the steel construction domain and the advantages provided by this technology for the sector.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Rose2004, author = {Rose, Martin}, title = {Modeling of Freeway Traffic}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.263}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2639}, year = {2004}, abstract = {An integrated modeling of freeway traffic is developed, whose implementation in an uniform computer -aided simulation model facilitate comparative evaluation and systematic coupling of several traffic simulations, traffic controls, traffic measurements and traffic scenarios. The integrated modeling of freeway traffic is a basic mapping of freeway networks, control methods, measurements and different simulations of traffic flow...}, subject = {Verkehrsplanung}, language = {en} } @article{ShihLee2004, author = {Shih, Naai-Jung and Lee, Wen-Pang}, title = {Particle Simulation and Evaluation of Personal Exposure to Contaminant Sources in an Elevation Space}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.237}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2376}, year = {2004}, abstract = {An elevator, which figures a small volume, is normally used by everyone for a short period of time and equipped with simple ventilation system..Any contaminant released within it may cause serious problem. This research adapt a fire and smoke simulation software (FDS) into non-fire indoor airflow scario. Differently from previous research, particles are chosen as a risk evalution unit. A personal and multi-personal exposure model is proposed. The model takes the influence of the human thermal boundary, coughing, inhalation, exhalation, standing position, and the fan factor into account. The model is easy-to-use and suitable for the design of elevator system in practice.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Volkova2004, author = {Volkova, Viktorija}, title = {The analysis of dynamic behaviour of pre-stressed systems under polyharmonic excitations}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.265}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2656}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Pre-stressed structural elements are widely used in large-span structures. As a rule, they have higher stiffness characteristics. Pre-stressed rods can be applied as girders of different purpose, and as their separate parts, e.g. rods of trusses and frames. Among numerous ways of prestressing the compression of girders, trusses, and frames by tightenings from high-strength materials is under common application.}, subject = {Verkehrsplanung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DonathTonn2004, author = {Donath, Dirk and Tonn, Christian}, title = {Plausibility in Architectural Design - Software Support for the Architect-oriented Design of Colour Schemes for Interiors and Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.149}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1498}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The approach discussed here is part of research into an overall concept for digital instruments which support the entire planning process and help in enabling planning decisions to be based upon clear reasoning and plausible arguments. Such specialist systems must take into account currently available technology, such as networked working patterns, object-orientation, building and product models as well as the working method of the planner. The paper describes a plausibility instrument for the formulation of colour scheme proposals for building interiors and elevations. With the help of intuitively usable light simulations, colour, material and spatial concepts can be assessed realistically. The software prototype "Coloured Architecture" is conceived as a professional extension to conventional design tools for the modelling of buildings. As such it can be used by the architect in the earliest design phases of the planning process as well as for colour implementation on location.}, subject = {CAD / Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThurowDonath2004, author = {Thurow, Torsten and Donath, Dirk}, title = {A vision of an adaptive geometry model for computer-assisted building surveying}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.172}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1722}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper describes a concept for the step-by-step computer-aided capture and representation of geometric building data in the context of planning-oriented building surveying. Selected aspects of the concept have been implemented and tested as prototypes. The process of step-by-step capture and representation is determined by the order in which the user experiences the building. Only the information that the user knows (can see) or can reasonably deduce is represented. In addition approaches to the flexible combination of different measuring techniques and geometric abstractions are described which are based upon geodetic computational adjustment.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @article{CerovsekTurk2004, author = {Cerovsek, Tomo and Turk, Ziga}, title = {Working Together: ICT Infrastructures to Support Collaboration}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.205}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2055}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The paper summarizes a part of research carried out in ICCI project and provides a current review of ICT infrastructures supporting collaboration. It covers taxonomies, protocols, standards, components, typical subsystems as well as future trends and recommendation for two most important technologies with applications in AEC: (1) EIP (Enterprise information portal) - a single gateway to a company's information, knowledge base, and applications for all actors; (2) RTC (Real-Time Communication and Collaboration technologies) that provide means for asynchronous communication between geographically dislocated people using ICT. Proposed future developments are: orientation towards web services - with building information models, business intelligence, personalization, AEC information retrieval, p2p workspaces and grids.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JianpingDongpingZhiliang2004, author = {Jianping, Zhang and Dongping, Xiang and Zhiliang, Ma}, title = {A survey on application of information technologies in Chinese construction industry}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.171}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1717}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The construction industry is a supportive industry in China. IT (information technolgy), including computer technology and communication technology, as a whole is regarded as the most important means to upgrade the construction industry so that research projects were organized by Chinese government to further the application of IT in the construction industry. This study originated from one of the projects and is aimed at grasping the general situation on the application of IT in the construction industry. A questionnaire was designed for the survey, which used stratified proportional sampling method, and was carried out under the help of a government agency. This study can not only provide sound foundation for the government to make relative policies, but also reveal references for the firms in construction industry to apply IT in their business. This paper presents the preliminary result of the survey.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZwoelferThomasSchinketal.2004, author = {Zw{\"o}lfer, Michael and Thomas, Peter and Schink, Claus-J{\"u}rgen and Koch, Volker}, title = {Life cycle optimized system solutions for densified housing with massive wood technology}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.98}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-980}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The objective of the joint project 'Life cycle optimised system solutions for densified housing with massive wood technology', short form Basys, was the development and application of an open building system for sustainable construction in a virtual enterprise. Four partners coming from building economy and a university institute developed the building system in a comprehensive planning process. By applying massive wood technology, most requirements of densified housing can be met and individual buildings can be produced on demand.}, subject = {Lebenszyklus }, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BrennigSanio2004, author = {Brennig, Thomas and Sanio, Hans-Peter}, title = {New Methods of Computer Aided Optimization of Investment and Operating Costs for Buildings During Their Useful Life}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.96}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-965}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Current software solutions for real estate planning, construction and use, do not model the complete life cycle of a building. Well-integrated software tools exist for the planning and construction phases. Data integrity exists throughout the planning and construction phases, but problems occur at the transition to the use-phase. At this interface, the complete data set of planning and execution gets lost. Another software deficiency is that current software solutions don't handle construction work and maintenance work equally. This is why a new software generation is demanded, which continuously covers the entire workflow process from the planning phase to the demolition of a building. New data concepts have to be developed, which allow bringing work items for construction together with work items for real estate use.}, subject = {Optimierung}, language = {en} } @article{Makanae2004, author = {Makanae, Koji}, title = {Highway Sequence Editor based on the Length-based Highway Product Model}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.234}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2347}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The highway product model based on the length information of the centerline, and the application system is developed. This paper shows the schema and the modeling process of the product model, which includes geometric elements such as an alignment, lanes, sidewalks, shoulders and sprits, and accessories such as guard fences, plantings and signs. Furthermore, The Highway Sequence Editor (HSE) is developed as an application system to verify the model.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoukampAkinci2004, author = {Boukamp, Frank and Akinci, Burcu}, title = {Towards Automated Defect Detection: Object-oriented Modeling of Construction Specifications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.131}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1315}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper describes an ongoing research on the representation and reasoning about construction specifications, which is part of a bigger research project that aims at developing a formalism for automating the identification of deviations and defects on construction sites. We specifically describe the requirements on product and process models and an approach for representing and reasoning about construction specifications to enable automated detection and assessment of construction deviations and defects. This research builds on the previous research on modeling design specifications and extends and elaborates concept of contexts developed in that domain. The paper provides an overview of how the construction specifications are being modele d in this research and points out future steps that need to be accomplished to develop the envisioned automated deviation and defect detection system.}, subject = {Bauwerk}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{O'BrienDansoAmoakoIssa2004, author = {O'Brien, William and Danso-Amoako, Mark and Issa, Raja}, title = {A Case Study of IFC and CIS/2 Support for Steel Supply Chain Processes}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.119}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1195}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The evolution of data exchange and integration standards within the Architectural, Engineering and Construction industry is gradually making the long-held vision of computer-integratedconstruction a reality. The Industry Foundations Classes and CIMSteel Integration Standards are two such standards that have seen remarkable successes over the past few years. Despite successes, these standards support the exchange of product data more than they do process data, especially those processes that are loosely coupled with product models. This paper reports on on-going research to evaluate the adequacy of the IFC and CIS/2 standards to support process modeling in the steel supply chain. Some initial recommendations are made regarding enhancements to the data standards to better support processes.}, subject = {Bauwerk}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ReinhardtGarrettAkinci2004, author = {Reinhardt, Jan and Garrett, James H. and Akinci, Burcu}, title = {SiDaCoS: Product and Process Models on Construction Sites}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.115}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1156}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Site superintendents performing project management tasks on construction sites need to access project documents and need to collect information that they observe while inspecting the site. Often, information that is observed on a construction site needs to be integrated into electronic documents or project control systems. In the future, we expect integrated product and process models to be the medium for storing and handling construction project management information. Even though mobile computing devices today are already capable of storing and handling such integrated product and process data models, the user interaction with such large and complex models is difficult and not adequately addressed in the existing research. In this paper, we introduce a system that supports project management tasks on construction sites effectively and efficiently by making integrated product and process models accessible. In order to effectively and efficiently enter or access information, site superintendents need visual representations of the project data that are flexible with respect to the level of detail, the decomposition structure, and the type of visual representation. Based on this understanding of the information and data collection needs, we developed the navigational model framework and the application Site Data Collection System (SiDaCoS), which implements that framework. The navigational model framework allows site superintendents to create customized representations of information contained in a product and process model that correspond to their data access and data collection needs on site.}, subject = {Mobile Computing}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LehnerHartmann2004, author = {Lehner, Karlheinz and Hartmann, Dietrich}, title = {Scenarios for the deployment of distributed engineering applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.147}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1476}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Although there are some good reasons to design engineering software as a stand-alone application for a single computer, there are also numerous possibilities for creating distributed engineering applications, in particular using the Internet. This paper presents some typical scenarios how engineering applications can benefit from including network capabilities. Also, some examples of Internet-based engineering applications are discussed to show how the concepts presented can be implemented.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @article{Firmenich2004, author = {Firmenich, Berthold}, title = {Product Models in Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.211}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2119}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The Priority Programme 'Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering' of the 'German Research Foundation' (DFG) has been established in the year 2000. This paper describes and discusses the main research directions and first results of the workgroup 'Distributed Product Models'. The five projects of the workgroup have developed completely different solutions for specific application domains. Each solution concept deals with a consistent product modeling and knowledge processing in a distributed environment in the planning process. The individual solution approaches of the projects are described and the underlying basic assumptions are discussed. A unified system architecture is described for all projects of the workgroup. Two different approaches (object-oriented and graph-based models) have been introduced for product and knowledge modeling. The common structure of these models will be explained to fully understand the differences of these modeling approaches. Finally the concepts for co-operative work and conflict management in a distributed environment are described: The solution approaches will be distinguished by classifying the supported co-operation according to time. A final scientific summary describes the state-of-the-art in network based co-operation in structural engineering: The role of research directions like knowledge modeling, standard product modeling and versioning in the distributed planning process will be explained.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Huhn2004, author = {Huhn, Michael}, title = {Abstract and Concrete Scenarios in Concurrent Engineering}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.206}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2068}, year = {2004}, abstract = {An architecture of a distributed planning system for the building industry has been developed. The emphasis is on highly collaborative environments in steelwork, timber construction etc. where designers concurrently handle 3D models. The overall system connects local design systems by the so-called Design Framework DFW. This framework consists of the definition of distributed components and protocols which make the collaborative design work. The process of collaborative design has been formalized on an abstract level. This paper describes how this has been done. A sample is given to illustrate the mapping of concrete scenarios of the 'real design world' to an abstract scenario level. This work is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG as part of the project SPP1103 (Meißner et al. 2003).}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{BeerFirmenichRichter2004, author = {Beer, Daniel G. and Firmenich, Berthold and Richter, Torsten}, title = {A Concept for CAD Systems with Persistent Versioned Data Models}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.204}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2046}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The synchronous distributed processing of common source code in the software development process is supported by well proven methods. The planning process has similarities with the software development process. However, there are no consistent and similarly successful methods for applications in construction projects. A new approach is proposed in this contribution.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{SchnellenbachHeldHartmann2004, author = {Schnellenbach-Held, Martina and Hartmann, Markus}, title = {Knowledge Based Systems in Distributed Desgin Environments}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.210}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2106}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Today's building industry not only demands more and more reduced construction time on building site, but also an advanced and mostly construction attendant design phase. Even though there is software available to support design processes in distributed environments, most applications only support simple document based exchange of information. In this paper a knowledge based system is presented to support cooperative, comprehensive design processes in distributed environments. The presented research project is financially supported by the German Research Community (DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann2004, author = {Hartmann, Ulrich C.}, title = {Collaboration in AEC Design : Web-enabling Applications using Peer-to-Peer Office Communicator}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.138}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1386}, year = {2004}, abstract = {A market analysis conducted by Gartner Dataquest in August 2001 has shown the typical characteristics of the AEC design process. High volatility in membership of AEC design groups and members dispersed over several external offices is the common collaboration scenario. Membership is most times short lived, compared to the overall duration of the process. A technical solution has to take that into account by making joining and leaving a collaborative work group very easy. The modelling of roles of collaboration between group members must be based on a commonly understood principle like the publisher / subscriber model, where the individual that is responsible for the distribution of vital information is clear. Security issues and trust in the confidentiality of the system is a central concern for the acceptance of the system. Therefore, keeping the subset of data that will be published under the absolute control of the publisher is a must. This is not the case with server-based scenarios, sometimes even due to psychological reasons. A loosely bound Peer-to-Peer network offers advantages over a server-based solution, because of less administrative overhead and simple installation procedures. In a peer-to-peer environment, a publish/subscribe role model can be more easily implemented. The publish/subscribe model matches the way AEC processes are modelled in real world scenarios today, where legal proof of information exchange between external offices is of high importance. Workflow management systems for small to midsize companies of the AEC industry may adopt the peer-to-peer approach to collaboration in the future. Further investigations are being made on the research level (WINDS) by integrating the viewer and redlining application Collaborate! into a collaborative environment.}, subject = {Ingenieurbau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ScheerDosSantosHinks2004, author = {Scheer, Sergio and Dos Santos, Aguinaldo and Hinks, John}, title = {An approach for promoting knowledge exchange on production practices through the Internet}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.82}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-821}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Recent research shows that current learning strategies in construction industry have not been effective in implementing lean principles in construction. With that in mind the researchers set to investigate an alternative learning strategy in order to promote learning at the international level. A web-based environment, was developed for this project with the intent of promoting learning and knowledge exchange on the theory and practice of "process transparency" across different countries.}, subject = {Bautechnik}, language = {en} } @article{Fink2004, author = {Fink, Thomas}, title = {Structural analysis, design and detailing using standard CAD software and standard building information model}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.270}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2702}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper describes the concept of a german commercial software package developed for the needs of structural engineers. Using a standard CAD software as user interface for all geometrical data and to save all important input data, there is a natural link to upcoming building information models.}, subject = {Bauindustrie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Zaneldin2004, author = {Zaneldin, Essam}, title = {Investigate the Impact of Different Resource Allocation Strategies on the Design of Building Projects Using Simulation}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.165}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1658}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The design of building projects involves several types of resources such as architects, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and draftsmen, among others. For design firms to stay in business in this very competitive market, they need to manage their resources in a way that improves productivity and cost effectiveness. This task, however, is not simple and requires thorough analysis of process-level operations, resource use, and productivity. Typically, these operational aspects are the responsibility of the design office manager who assigns available resources to the different design projects to save time and lower design expenses. It is noted that limited studies have been carried out in the literature to model overall organizational operations and behavioral aspects, particularly in firms specialized in the design of building projects. In an effort to simplify the modeling process, a simplified modeling and simulation tool is used in this research. A simulation model representing an actual design office was developed assuming that the office performs designs for small, medium, and large size building projects. The developed model was used to simulate several alternatives and examine various resource assignment strategies. The simulation was conducted over ten years and the resulting productivity and income was measured.}, subject = {Baubetrieb}, language = {en} } @article{AzizAnumbaMiles2004, author = {Aziz, Zeeshan and Anumba, Chimay and Miles, John}, title = {Towards a Semantic Grid Computing Platform for Disaster Management in Built Environment}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.208}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2084}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Current disaster management procedures rely primarily on heuristics which result in their strategies being very cautious and sub-optimum in terms of saving life, minimising damage and returning the building to its normal function. Also effective disaster management demands decentralized, dynamic, flexible, short term and across domain resource sharing, which is not well supported by existing distributing computing infrastructres. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for emergency management in the built environment, using Semantic Grid as an integrating platform for different technologies. The framework supports a distributed network of specialists in built environment, including structural engineers, building technologists, decision analysts etc. It brings together the necessary technology threads, including the Semantic Web (to provide a framework for shared definitions of terms, resources and relationships), Web Services (to provide dynamic discovery and integration) and Grid Computing (for enhanced computational power, high speed access, collaboration and security control) to support rapid formation of virtual teams for disaster management. The proposed framework also make an extensive use of modelling and simulation (both numerical and using visualisations), data mining (to find resources in legacy data sets) and visualisation. It also include a variety of hardware instruments with access to real time data. Furthermore the whole framework is centred on collaborative working by the virtual team. Although focus of this paper is on disaster management, many aspects of the discussed Grid and Visualisation technologies will be useful for any other forms of collaboration. Conclusions are drawn about the possible future impact on the built environment.}, subject = {Mehragentensystem}, language = {en} } @article{RombergNigglvanTreeck2004, author = {Romberg, Richard and Niggl, Andreas and van Treeck, Christoph}, title = {Structural Analysis based on the Product Model Standard IFC}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.243}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2433}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In this paper we present a computer aided method supporting co-operation between different project partners, such as architects and engineers, on the basis of strictly three-dimensional models. The center of our software architecture is a product model, described by the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) of the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). From this a geometrical model is extracted and automatically transferred to a computational model serving as a basis for various simulation tasks. In this paper the focus is set on the advantage of the fully three-dimensional structural analysis performed by p-version of the finite element analysis. Other simulation methods are discussed in a separate contribution of this Volume (Treeck 2004). The validity of this approach will be shown in a complex example.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{StaubFrench2004, author = {Staub-French, Sheryl}, title = {Feature-based Product Modeling for Building Construction}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.233}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2331}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Current building product models explicitly represent components, attributes of components, and relationships between components. These designer-focused product models, however, do not represent many of the design conditions that are important for construction, such as component similarity, uniformity, and penetrations. Current design and construction tools offer limited support for detecting these construction-specific design conditions. This paper describes the ontology we developed using the manufacturing concept of features to represent the design conditions that are important for construction. The feature ontology provides the blueprint for the additions and changes needed to transform a standard product model into a constructionspecific product model. The ontology formalizes three classes of features, defines the attributes and functions of each feature type, and represents the relationships between features explicitly. The descriptive semantics of the ontology allows practitioners to represent their varied preferences for naming features, specifying features that result from component intersections and the similarity of components, and grouping features that affect a specific construction domain. A software prototype that implements the ontology enables practitioners to transform designer-focused product models into feature-based product models that represent the construction perspective.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Erlemann2004, author = {Erlemann, Kai}, title = {BABSIM - An object-oriented software framework for microscopic simulation of freeway traffic}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.260}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2601}, year = {2004}, abstract = {A wide variety of behavioural models exist in microscopic traffic simulation. Commercial programms often use closed-source policies and are confined to their respective simulation platforms. Open-source approaches mainly focus on distinctive, highly specialized traffic situations. In the scope of this paper, an open-source framework for developing modular, objectoriented simulation systems is presented, capable of simultaneously accommodating different driving models and enabling the user to modify and extend the catalogue of driving behaviours. The existing driving behaviours and the computational implementation of the simulation are being described.}, subject = {Framework }, language = {en} } @article{KabathStuyts2004, author = {Kabath, Meik and Stuyts, Patrick}, title = {Building Design towards 5-dimensions}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.271}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2712}, year = {2004}, abstract = {There exists a big gap between the capabilities of current 3D-CAD applications and their actual usage in practice. Many architects and planners still prefer to draft in 2D because the benefits of 3D modeling are difficult to explain. This presentation offers a basis to view the 3D building model not merely as the source for 2D plan generation. By adding extra dimensions like Time and Cost to the 3D building model it becomes possible to generate dynamic information on building construction progress with regards to used material, resources and cost. These additional benefits are key elements to many planners and contractors and may therefore widen the acceptance of 3D building modeling in general.}, subject = {Bauindustrie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MilesTaylorAnumba2004, author = {Miles, John and Taylor, Mark and Anumba, Chimay}, title = {VRML Virtual Worlds - An Alternative to the Desktop Metaphor for GUI's?}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.185}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1855}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Metaphors are commonly used by software developers in the creation of GUI's. This paper looks at the use of multi-user VRML to create virtual metaphors, developing a conceptual design tool that can be used intuitively with little or no training.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KangLhoKim2004, author = {Kang, Julian and Lho, Byeong-Cheol and Kim, Jeong-Hoon}, title = {XML-based Vector Graphics: Application for Web-based Design Automation}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.187}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1872}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Most retaining walls and box culverts built for arterial road construction are simple, and the design process of these structures is often repetitive and labor-intensive because they are so similar in structural configuration. Although some integrated design automation systems developed for retaining walls and box culverts have expedited the design process of these structures, the process of collecting and distributing the resultant engineering documents has not been fully integrated with the computer applications. We have been developing a Web-based design automation system to manage the resultant documents as well as to speed up the repetitive design process. Manipulation of engineering drawings in the Web page is one of the critical functions needed for Web-based design automation. eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and XML-based vector graphics are expected to facilitate the representation of engineering drawings in the Web page. In this paper, we present how we used XML and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) to compose engineering drawings and represent them in the Web page. XML Data Island we designed to define drawing components turned out effective in manipulating the engineering drawings in the Web page.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Molkenthin2004, author = {Molkenthin, Frank}, title = {Web-based Collaborative Engineering based on Information Sharing - HydroWeb: An Education Experiment in the Internet}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.186}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1869}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This paper describes the concept and experiences of the international Open Distance Learning Course 'HydroWeb'. This course deals with the introduction of Web-based Collaborative Engineering in standard education programmes of water related engineering and civil engineering based on information sharing. Organized under the umbrella of IAHR and ETNET21 this course is collaboration from several universities from all over the world. Started in 1999 the course demonstrates the potential and innovative opportunities of Web-Technology in education, research and engineering: Students from the different partner universities form small distributed teams to solve a given engineering problem in a time window of two weeks. To overcome the spatial distribution the students apply modern Web technology such as video conferencing, application sharing and document management. All results as well as the final reports are presented as Web document on a shared Web-based project platform (http://www.hydro-web.org). Besides the experiences to apply standard Web tools and working methods based on information sharing instead the conventional information exchange in the daily engineering work the students improve their soft skills operate successfully in international and interdisciplinary project environments as part of the 'Technical Culture' of nowadays.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} }