@inproceedings{MenzelGarrettMahdavietal.1997,
  author    = {Menzel, Karsten and Garrett, James H. and Mahdavi, A. and Ries, R.},
  title     = {Processing "fuzzy" materials sets for environmental impact analysis of buildings},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.450},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4500},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Processing technical and environmental data on building materials, components, and systems has become more important during the last few years. Increased sensitivity towards environmental and energy problems has lead to the demand for simulation and evaluation of the long term behavior of buildings. The results of such simulations are expected to enable architects and engineers to develop a broader, interdisciplinary understanding of the impact of their products (buildings) on the environment. However, conducting such evaluations is currently hampered by the lack of comprehensive, up-to-date, and ecologically relevant data on building materials, components, and systems. To address this problem, this paper proposes an approach to deal with the absent or uncertain attributes of building materials, components, and systems. In the past, various information systems have been developed to provide data on a limited set of building materials, including precise values pertaining to some of their characteristics, such as availability, manufacturers, costs, etc. These traditional information systems have difficulty in dealing with uncertain, incomplete and sparse data. However, uncertainty and incompleteness characterize the nature of most of the available and environmentally related characteristics of materials, components, and systems. In this paper, a fuzzy-logic-based augmentation of traditional information systems is proposed towards providing management, utilization and manipulation of incomplete and uncertain data.},
  subject      = {Bauwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MoellerBeerGrafetal.1997,
  author    = {M{\"o}ller, B. and Beer, M. and Graf, W. and Hoffmann, Alfred},
  title     = {Sicherheitsbeurteilung von Tragwerken mit Fuzzy-Modellen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.462},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4625},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Die Sicherheit von Tragwerken h{\"a}ngt von der zuverl{\"a}ssigen Modellierung s{\"a}mtlicher Tragwerksparameter ab. {\"U}blicherweise werden diese Parameter als deterministische oder stochastische Gr{\"o}ßen beschrieben. Stochastische Gr{\"o}ßen sind Zufallsgr{\"o}ßen, die unscharfe Informationen {\"u}ber Tragwerksparameter mit Hilfe von Dichtefunktionen erfassen. Nicht alle unscharfen Tragwerksparameter lassen sich als Zufallsgr{\"o}ßen darstellen. Sie k{\"o}nnen jedoch als Fuzzy-Gr{\"o}ßen modelliert werden. Fuzzy-Gr{\"o}ßen beschreiben unscharfe Tragwerksparameter als unscharfe Menge mit Bewertungsfunktion (Zugeh{\"o}rigkeitsfunktion). Die Fuzzy-Modellierung im Bauingenieurwesen umfaßt die Fuzzifizierung, die Fuzzy-Analyse, die Defuzzifizierung und die Sicherheitsbeurteilung. Sie erlaubt es, Tragwerke mit nicht-stochastischen unscharfen Eingangsinformationen zu untersuchen. Nicht-stochastische Eingangsinformationen treten sowohl bei bestehenden als auch bei neuen Tragwerken auf. Die unscharfen Ergebnisse der Fuzzy-Modellierung gestatten es, das Systemverhalten zutreffender zu beurteilen; sie sind die Ausgangspunkte f{\"u}r eine neue Sicherheitsbeurteilung auf der Grundlage der M{\"o}glichkeitstheorie. Bei der Fuzzy-Analyse ist die alpha-Diskretisierung vorteilhaft einsetzbar. Bei fehlender Monotonie der deterministischen Berechnungen und unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Nichtlinearit{\"a}t wird die Fuzzy-Analyse mit Optimierungsalgorithmen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Zwei Beispiele werden diskutiert: die L{\"o}sung eines transzendenten Eigenwertproblems und eines linearen Gleichungssystems. Die Systemantworten der Fuzzy-Analyse werden der Sicherheitsbeurteilung zugrunde gelegt. F{\"u}r ausgew{\"a}hlte physikalische Gr{\"o}ßen werden Versagensfunktionen definiert. Diese bewerten die M{\"o}glichkeit des Versagens. Mit Hilfe von Min-max-Operationen der Fuzzy-Set-Theorie erh{\"a}lt man aus Versagensfunktion und Fuzzy-Antwort die Versagensm{\"o}glichkeit bzw. die {\"U}berlebensm{\"o}glichkeit. Die ermittelte Versagensm{\"o}glichkeit repr{\"a}sentiert die subjektive Beurteilung der M{\"o}glichkeit, daß das Ereignis \&qout;Versagen\&qout; eintritt. Beispiele zeigen die Unterschiede zwischen der Sicherheitsbeurteilung mittels Fuzzy-Modells und mittels deterministischen Modells.},
  subject      = {Tragwerk},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Freundt2003,
  author    = {Freundt, Martin},
  title     = {Fuzzy Logik und Graphentheorie als Basis einer flexiblen Bauablaufplanung},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.287},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2878},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Der Bauablauf unterliegt vielen Unw{\"a}gbarkeiten. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dieses Problem im Umfeld der Revitalisierung von Bauwerken. In weiten Teilen sind die auszuf{\"u}hrenden Arbeiten nur schwer im Vorfeld planbar. Die Ursachen hierf{\"u}r liegen großteils in der Problematik des Bauens im Bestand und dem aus wirtschaftlichen Gr{\"u}nden geringen Umfang von Analysen. H{\"a}ufig treten verdeckte, im Vorfeld der Baumaßnahme nicht erkannte Sch{\"a}den auf oder Materialstrukturen und Bauteilqualit{\"a}ten wurden in der Planung unzureichend ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Alte Ausf{\"u}hrungsunterlagen sind oft nicht verf{\"u}gbar. Viele zur Ausf{\"u}hrung bestimmter Arbeiten n{\"o}tige Informationen fehlen und werden erst zum unmittelbaren Ausf{\"u}hrungszeitpunkt bekannt. Einzelne Arbeiten sind nur schwer kalkulierbar bzw. planbar. Sie sind in Art und Umfang zun{\"a}chst nicht bekannt und m{\"u}ssen gegebenenfalls als neue Vorg{\"a}nge im Plan ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Diese besondere Situation bedarf einer gezielten Ber{\"u}cksichtigung. Die Planung des Bauablaufes muss in einer flexiblen und leicht anpassbaren Art und Weise erfolgen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur Entwicklung eines solchen Prozessmodells vorgestellt, der im Rahmen des SFB 524 >Werkstoffe und Konstruktionen f{\"u}r die Revitalisierung von Bauwerken< an der Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar untersucht und vorangetrieben wurde und wird. Das vorgestellte Modell kann kurzfristig flexibel auf die realen Gegebenheiten reagieren und erm{\"o}glicht trotzdem eine Planung und Steuerung des gesamten Ablaufs. Es enth{\"a}lt nicht wie bisher {\"u}blich deterministische Daten in starren Anordnungsbeziehungen. Vielmehr werden die Daten der Prozesse und die Beziehungen der Prozesse untereinander in einer nichtdeterministischen, unscharfen Form modelliert....},
  subject      = {Bauablauf / Ablaufplanung},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TakagiTaniKawamura2004,
  author    = {Takagi, Kousuke and Tani, Akinori and Kawamura, Hiroshi},
  title     = {Research on Intelligent Fuzzy Optimal Active and Hybrid Control Systems of Building Structures - Verification of Optimization Method on Switching Rules of Control Forces},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.223},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2238},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Recently, many reseraches on active control systems of building structures are preformed based on modern control theory and are installed real buildings. The authors have already proposed intelligent fuzzy optimal active control (IFOAC) systems. IFOAC systems imitate intelligent activities of human brains such as prediction, adaptation, decision-kaking and so on. In IFOAC systems, objective and subjective judgements on the active control can be taken into account. However, IFOAC systems are considered to be suitable for far-field erathquake and control effect becomes small in case of near-field earthqaukes which include a few velosity pules with large amplitudes. To improve control effect in case of near-souece earthquakes, the authors have also proposed hybrid control (HC) systems, in which IFOAC systems and fuzzy control system are combined. In HC systems, the fuzzy control systems are introduced as a reflective fuzzy active control (RFAC) system and imitates spinal reflection of human. In HC systems, active control forces are activated to buildings in accordance with switching rules on active control forces. In this paper, optimizations on fuzzy control rules in RFAC system and switching rules of active control forces in HC system are performed by Parameter-Free Genetic Algorithms (PfGAs). Here, the optimization is performed by using different earthquake inputs. The results of digital simulations show that the HC system can reduce maximal response displacements under restrictions on strokes of the actuator effectively in case of a near-source earthquake and the effectiveness of the proposed HC system is discussed and clarified.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MotawaAnumbaElHamalawi2004,
  author    = {Motawa, Ibrahim and Anumba, Chimay and El-Hamalawi, A.},
  title     = {Development of a Fuzzy System for Change Prediction in Construction Projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.218},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2180},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Change management has been the focus of different IT systems. These IT systems were developed to represent design information, record design rationale, facilitate design coordination and changes. They are largely based on managing reactive changes, particularly design changes, in which changes are recorded and then propagated to the relevant project members. However, proactive changes are hardly dealt with in IT systems. Proactive changes require estimating the likelihood of occurrence of a change event as well as estimating the degree of change impacts on project parameters. Changes in construction projects often result from the uncertainty associated with the imprecise and vague knowledge of much project information at the early stages of projects. This is a major outcome of the case studies carried out as part of this research. Therefore, the proposed model considers that incomplete knowledge and certain project characteristics are always behind change causes. For proactive changes, predicting a change event is the main task for modelling. The prediction model should strive to integrate these main elements: 1) project characteristics that lead to change 2) causes of change, 3) the likelihood of change occurrence, and 4) the change consequences. It should also define the dependency relationships between these elements. However, limited data (documented) are only available from previous projects for change cases and many of the above elements can only be expressed in linguistic terms. This means that the model will simulate the uncertainty and subjectivity associated with these sets of elements. Therefore, a fuzzy model is proposed in this research to capture these elements. The model analyses the impact of each set of elements on the other by assigning fuzzy values for these elements that express the uncertainty and subjectivity of their impact. The main aim is to predict change events and evaluate change effects on project parameters. The fuzzy model described above was developed in an IT system for operational purposes and was designed as a Java package of components with their supporting classes, beans, and files. This paper describes the development and the architecture of the proposed IT system to achieve these requirements. The system is intended to help project teams in dealing with change causes and then the change consequences in construction projects.},
  subject      = {Mehragentensystem},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FreundtBeucke2004,
  author    = {Freundt, Martin and Beucke, Karl},
  title     = {A flexible model for scheduling building processes based on graph theory and fuzzy numbers},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.158},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1587},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The methods currently used for scheduling building processes have some major advantages as well as disadvantages. The main advantages are the arrangement of the tasks of a project in a clear, easily readable form and the calculation of valuable information like critical paths. The main disadvantage on the other hand is the inflexibility of the model caused by the modeling paradigms. Small changes of the modeled information strongly influence the whole model and lead to the need to change many more details in the plan. In this article an approach is introduced allowing the creation of more flexible schedules. It aims towards a more robust model that lowers the need to change more than a few information while being able to calculate the important propositions of the known models and leading to further valuable conclusions.},
  subject      = {Baubetrieb},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HarirchianLahmer,
  author    = {Harirchian, Ehsan and Lahmer, Tom},
  title     = {Improved Rapid Visual Earthquake Hazard Safety Evaluation of Existing Buildings Using a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Model},
  series = {Applied Sciences},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {Applied Sciences},
  number    = {Volume 10, Issue 3, 2375},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/app10072375},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200331-41161},
  pages     = {14},
  abstract  = {Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) is a procedure that estimates structural scores for buildings and prioritizes their retrofit and upgrade requirements. Despite the speed and simplicity of RVS, many of the collected parameters are non-commensurable and include subjectivity due to visual observations. This might cause uncertainties in the evaluation, which emphasizes the use of a fuzzy-based method. This study aims to propose a novel RVS methodology based on the interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) to set the priority of vulnerable building to undergo detailed assessment while covering uncertainties and minimizing their effects during evaluation. The proposed method estimates the vulnerability of a building, in terms of Damage Index, considering the number of stories, age of building, plan irregularity, vertical irregularity, building quality, and peak ground velocity, as inputs with a single output variable. Applicability of the proposed method has been investigated using a post-earthquake damage database of reinforced concrete buildings from the Bing{\"o}l and D{\"u}zce earthquakes in Turkey.},
  subject      = {Fuzzy-Logik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MosaviQasemShokrietal.,
  author    = {Mosavi, Amir Hosein and Qasem, Sultan Noman and Shokri, Manouchehr and Band, Shahab S. and Mohammadzadeh, Ardashir},
  title     = {Fractional-Order Fuzzy Control Approach for Photovoltaic/Battery Systems under Unknown Dynamics, Variable Irradiation and Temperature},
  series = {Electronics},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {Electronics},
  number    = {Volume 9, issue 9, article 1455},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/electronics9091455},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210122-43381},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  abstract  = {For this paper, the problem of energy/voltage management in photovoltaic (PV)/battery systems was studied, and a new fractional-order control system on basis of type-3 (T3) fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) was developed. New fractional-order learning rules are derived for tuning of T3-FLSs such that the stability is ensured. In addition, using fractional-order calculus, the robustness was studied versus dynamic uncertainties, perturbation of irradiation, and temperature and abruptly faults in output loads, and, subsequently, new compensators were proposed. In several examinations under difficult operation conditions, such as random temperature, variable irradiation, and abrupt changes in output load, the capability of the schemed controller was verified. In addition, in comparison with other methods, such as proportional-derivative-integral (PID), sliding mode controller (SMC), passivity-based control systems (PBC), and linear quadratic regulator (LQR), the superiority of the suggested method was demonstrated.},
  subject      = {Fuzzy-Logik},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Harirchian,
  author    = {Harirchian, Ehsan},
  title     = {Improved Rapid Assessment of Earthquake Hazard Safety of Existing Buildings Using a Hierarchical Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Model},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4396},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210326-43963},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {143},
  abstract  = {Although it is impractical to avert subsequent natural disasters, advances in simulation science and seismological studies make it possible to lessen the catastrophic damage. There currently exists in many urban areas a large number of structures, which are prone to damage by earthquakes. These were constructed without the guidance of a national seismic code, either before it existed or before it was enforced. For instance, in Istanbul, Turkey, as a high seismic area, around 90\% of buildings are substandard, which can be generalized into other earthquakeprone regions in Turkey. The reliability of this building stock resulting from earthquake-induced collapse is currently uncertain. Nonetheless, it is also not feasible to perform a detailed seismic vulnerability analysis on each building as a solution to the scenario, as it will be too complicated and expensive. This indicates the necessity of a reliable, rapid, and computationally easy method for seismic vulnerability assessment, commonly known as Rapid Visual Screening (RVS). In RVS methodology, an observational survey of buildings is performed, and according to the data collected during the visual inspection, a structural score is calculated without performing any structural calculations to determine the expected damage of a building and whether the building needs detailed assessment. Although this method might save time and resources due to the subjective/qualitative judgments of experts who performed the inspection, the evaluation process is dominated by vagueness and uncertainties, where the vagueness can be handled adequately through the fuzzy set theory but do not cover all sort of uncertainties due to its crisp membership functions. In this study, a novel method of rapid visual hazard safety assessment of buildings against earthquake is introduced in which an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) is used to cover uncertainties. In addition, the proposed method provides the possibility to evaluate the earthquake risk of the building by considering factors related to the building importance and exposure. A smartphone app prototype of the method has been introduced. For validation of the proposed method, two case studies have been selected, and the result of the analysis presents the robust efficiency of the proposed method.},
  subject      = {Fuzzy-Logik},
  language  = {en}
}