@phdthesis{Danckwerth, author = {Danckwerth, Julia}, title = {Strategien der Sichtbarkeit und Sichtbarmachung von ‚Wearable Enhancement' im Bereich Smart Health}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4576}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220202-45768}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung und Gestaltung von k{\"o}rpernahen, tragbaren Artefakten f{\"u}r den digitalisierten Gesundheitsbereich. Unter dem entwickelten Begriff des Wearable Enhancements werden die verschiedenen Termini aus smarten Textilien, Fashion Technologies, Wearable Technologies sowie elektronischen Textilien zusammengefasst und zwei zentrale Forschungsfragen untersucht. Wie kann Wearable Enhancement im Bereich Smart Health ethisch, sozial und ökologisch entwickelt und gestaltet werden? Inwiefern können textile Schnittstellen die Wahrnehmung und die Wahrnehmbarkeit des Körpers verändern? Mit der ersten Forschungsfrage sollen vorrangig Ansätze und Strategien der Sichtbarkeit f{\"u}r die Entwicklung und Gestaltung diskutiert werden, welche Aussagen f{\"u}r die Designpraxis, den Gestaltungs- und Designforschungsprozess sowie die Designlösungen selbst generieren sollen. Die zweite Forschungsfrage zielt darauf, Formen der Sichtbarmachung von sowie f{\"u}r Wearable Enhancement zu untersuchen. Anhand von drei konkreten Fallstudien werden wesentliche Aspekte der Rezeption, Perzeption, Konstruktion, Konfiguration und Konzeption von soziotechnischen Artefakten zur Funktionssteigerung des menschlichen K{\"o}rpers untersucht und verschiedene Formen der Sichtbarkeit und Sichtbarmachung entwickelt. In der Arbeit wird ein dual-angelegter transdisziplin{\"a}rer Designforschungsansatz entwickelt und praktiziert, welcher sowohl die menschlichen Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Nutzer*innen als auch die Weiterentwicklung von Technologien ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Auf dieser Grundlage wird versucht Anregungen f{\"u}r ein zukunftsf{\"a}higes und zugleich verantwortungsorientiertes Design zu geben.}, subject = {Design}, language = {de} } @misc{PachecoAlvim, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Pacheco Alvim, Sarah}, title = {Falsa Seringueira: Rubber Trees and the Materiality of the Unseen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4846}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230105-48467}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {128}, abstract = {The theme of this project is the colonial history of the natural rubber industry. It focuses on two species of tropical plants: Ficus elastica and Hevea brasiliensis. Geographically their native habitat is very distant from each other, but they connect by European influence through the exploitation of latex. The many forms and outcomes from this work manifest the attempt of the artist to create an association between a common household plant, the origin of its name, and the source of rubber. As a ghostly connective tissue, the latex surrounds reconstructed history, old prints, live plants, and drawings, accepting the material's capacity to both erase and preserve the past.}, subject = {Kautschuk}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{LopezZermeno, author = {L{\´o}pez Zerme{\~n}o, Jorge Alberto}, title = {Isogeometric and CAD-based methods for shape and topology optimization: Sensitivity analysis, B{\´e}zier elements and phase-field approaches}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4710}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220831-47102}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {The Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used in engineering for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) over complex geometries. To this end, it is required to provide the FEM software with a geometric model that is typically constructed in a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software. However, FEM and CAD use different approaches for the mathematical description of the geometry. Thus, it is required to generate a mesh, which is suitable for FEM, based on the CAD model. Nonetheless, this procedure is not a trivial task and it can be time consuming. This issue becomes more significant for solving shape and topology optimization problems, which consist in evolving the geometry iteratively. Therefore, the computational cost associated to the mesh generation process is increased exponentially for this type of applications. The main goal of this work is to investigate the integration of CAD and CAE in shape and topology optimization. To this end, numerical tools that close the gap between design and analysis are presented. The specific objectives of this work are listed below: • Automatize the sensitivity analysis in an isogeometric framework for applications in shape optimization. Applications for linear elasticity are considered. • A methodology is developed for providing a direct link between the CAD model and the analysis mesh. In consequence, the sensitivity analysis can be performed in terms of the design variables located in the design model. • The last objective is to develop an isogeometric method for shape and topological optimization. This method should take advantage of using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) with higher continuity as basis functions. Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is a framework designed to integrate the design and analysis in engineering problems. The fundamental idea of IGA is to use the same basis functions for modeling the geometry, usually NURBS, for the approximation of the solution fields. The advantage of integrating design and analysis is two-fold. First, the analysis stage is more accurate since the system of PDEs is not solved using an approximated geometry, but the exact CAD model. Moreover, providing a direct link between the design and analysis discretizations makes possible the implementation of efficient sensitivity analysis methods. Second, the computational time is significantly reduced because the mesh generation process can be avoided. Sensitivity analysis is essential for solving optimization problems when gradient-based optimization algorithms are employed. Automatic differentiation can compute exact gradients, automatically by tracking the algebraic operations performed on the design variables. For the automation of the sensitivity analysis, an isogeometric framework is used. Here, the analysis mesh is obtained after carrying out successive refinements, while retaining the coarse geometry for the domain design. An automatic differentiation (AD) toolbox is used to perform the sensitivity analysis. The AD toolbox takes the code for computing the objective and constraint functions as input. Then, using a source code transformation approach, it outputs a code for computing the objective and constraint functions, and their sensitivities as well. The sensitivities obtained from the sensitivity propagation method are compared with analytical sensitivities, which are computed using a full isogeometric approach. The computational efficiency of AD is comparable to that of analytical sensitivities. However, the memory requirements are larger for AD. Therefore, AD is preferable if the memory requirements are satisfied. Automatic sensitivity analysis demonstrates its practicality since it simplifies the work of engineers and designers. Complex geometries with sharp edges and/or holes cannot easily be described with NURBS. One solution is the use of unstructured meshes. Simplex-elements (triangles and tetrahedra for two and three dimensions respectively) are particularly useful since they can automatically parameterize a wide variety of domains. In this regard, unstructured B{\´e}zier elements, commonly used in CAD, can be employed for the exact modelling of CAD boundary representations. In two dimensions, the domain enclosed by NURBS curves is parameterized with B{\´e}zier triangles. To describe exactly the boundary of a two-dimensional CAD model, the continuity of a NURBS boundary representation is reduced to C^0. Then, the control points are used to generate a triangulation such that the boundary of the domain is identical to the initial CAD boundary representation. Thus, a direct link between the design and analysis discretizations is provided and the sensitivities can be propagated to the design domain. In three dimensions, the initial CAD boundary representation is given as a collection of NURBS surfaces that enclose a volume. Using a mesh generator (Gmsh), a tetrahedral mesh is obtained. The original surface is reconstructed by modifying the location of the control points of the tetrahedral mesh using B{\´e}zier tetrahedral elements and a point inversion algorithm. This method offers the possibility of computing the sensitivity analysis using the analysis mesh. Then, the sensitivities can be propagated into the design discretization. To reuse the mesh originally generated, a moving B{\´e}zier tetrahedral mesh approach was implemented. A gradient-based optimization algorithm is employed together with a sensitivity propagation procedure for the shape optimization cases. The proposed shape optimization approaches are used to solve some standard benchmark problems in structural mechanics. The results obtained show that the proposed approach can compute accurate gradients and evolve the geometry towards optimal solutions. In three dimensions, the moving mesh approach results in faster convergence in terms of computational time and avoids remeshing at each optimization step. For considering topological changes in a CAD-based framework, an isogeometric phase-field based shape and topology optimization is developed. In this case, the diffuse interface of a phase-field variable over a design domain implicitly describes the boundaries of the geometry. The design variables are the local values of the phase-field variable. The descent direction to minimize the objective function is found by using the sensitivities of the objective function with respect to the design variables. The evolution of the phase-field is determined by solving the time dependent Allen-Cahn equation. Especially for topology optimization problems that require C^1 continuity, such as for flexoelectric structures, the isogeometric phase field method is of great advantage. NURBS can achieve the desired continuity more efficiently than the traditional employed functions. The robustness of the method is demonstrated when applied to different geometries, boundary conditions, and material configurations. The applications illustrate that compared to piezoelectricity, the electrical performance of flexoelectric microbeams is larger under bending. In contrast, the electrical power for a structure under compression becomes larger with piezoelectricity.}, subject = {CAD}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mojahedin, author = {Mojahedin, Arvin}, title = {Analysis of Functionally Graded Porous Materials Using Deep Energy Method and Analytical Solution}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4867}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221220-48674}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Porous materials are an emerging branch of engineering materials that are composed of two elements: One element is a solid (matrix), and the other element is either liquid or gas. Pores can be distributed within the solid matrix of porous materials with different shapes and sizes. In addition, porous materials are lightweight, and flexible, and have higher resistance to crack propagation and specific thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties. These properties are necessary for manufacturing engineering structures such as beams and other engineering structures. These materials are widely used in solid mechanics and are considered a good replacement for classical materials by many researchers recently. Producing lightweight materials has been developed because of the possibility of exploiting the properties of these materials. Various types of porous material are generated naturally or artificially for a specific application such as bones and foams. Like functionally graded materials, pore distribution patterns can be uniform or non-uniform. Biot's theory is a well-developed theory to study the behavior of poroelastic materials which investigates the interaction between fluid and solid phases of a fluid-saturated porous medium. Functionally graded porous materials (FGPM) are widely used in modern industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and biomechanics. These advanced materials have some specific properties compared to materials with a classic structure. They are extremely light, while they have specific strength in mechanical and high-temperature environments. FGPMs are characterized by a gradual variation of material parameters over the volume. Although these materials can be made naturally, it is possible to design and manufacture them for a specific application. Therefore, many studies have been done to analyze the mechanical and thermal properties of FGPM structures, especially beams. Biot was the pioneer in formulating the linear elasticity and thermoelasticity equations of porous material. Since then, Biot's formulation has been developed in continuum mechanics which is named poroelasticity. There are obstacles to analyzing the behavior of these materials accurately like the shape of the pores, the distribution of pores in the material, and the behavior of the fluid (or gas) that saturated pores. Indeed, most of the engineering structures made of FGPM have nonlinear governing equations. Therefore, it is difficult to study engineering structures by solving these complicated equations. The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyze porous materials in engineering structures. For this purpose, the complex equations of porous materials have been simplified and applied to engineering problems so that the effect of all parameters of porous materials on the behavior of engineering structure has been investigated. The effect of important parameters of porous materials on beam behavior including pores compressibility, porosity distribution, thermal expansion of fluid within pores, the interaction of stresses between pores and material matrix due to temperature increase, effects of pore size, material thickness, and saturated pores with fluid and unsaturated conditions are investigated. Two methods, the deep energy method, and the exact solution have been used to reduce the problem hypotheses, increase accuracy, increase processing speed, and apply these in engineering structures. In both methods, they are analyzed nonlinear and complex equations of porous materials. To increase the accuracy of analysis and study of the effect of shear forces, Timoshenko and Reddy's beam theories have been used. Also, neural networks such as residual and fully connected networks are designed to have high accuracy and less processing time than other computational methods.}, subject = {Por{\"o}ser Stoff}, language = {en} } @article{HahlbrockBraunHeideletal., author = {Hahlbrock, David and Braun, Michael and Heidel, Robin and Lemmen, Patrik and Boumann, Roland and Bruckmann, Tobias and Schramm, Dieter and Helm, Volker and Willmann, Jan}, title = {Cable Robotic 3D-printing: additive manufacturing on the construction site}, series = {Construction Robotics}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Construction Robotics}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/s41693-022-00082-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230124-48791}, pages = {1 -- 14}, abstract = {This paper outlines an important step in characterizing a novel field of robotic construction research where a cable-driven parallel robot is used to extrude cementitious material in three-dimensional space, and thus offering a comprehensive new approach to computational design and construction, and to robotic fabrication at larger scales. Developed by the Faculty of Art and Design at Bauhaus-University Weimar (Germany), the faculty of Architecture at the University of Applied Sciences Dortmund (Germany) and the Chair of Mechatronics at the University of Duisburg-Essen (Germany), this approach offers unique advantages over existing additive manufacturing methods: the system is easily transportable and scalable, it does not require additional formwork or scaffolding, and it offers digital integration and informational oversight across the entire design and building process. This paper considers 1) key research components of cable robotic 3D-printing (such as computational design, material exploration, and robotic control), and 2) the integration of these parameters into a unified design and building process. The demonstration of the approach at full-scale is of particular concern.}, subject = {Robotik}, language = {en} } @article{Coenen, author = {Coenen, Ekkehard}, title = {Communicative Action, Objectifications, and the Triad of Violence}, series = {Human Studies}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Human Studies}, number = {45 (2022)}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V}, address = {Dordrecht}, doi = {10.1007/s10746-022-09639-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230124-48828}, pages = {447 -- 468}, abstract = {This article aims to develop a social theory of violence that emphasizes the role of the third party as well as the communication between the involved subjects. For this Teresa Koloma Beck's essay 'The Eye of the Beholder: Violence as a Social Process' is taken as a starting point, which adopts a social-constructivist perspective. On the one hand, the basic concepts and the benefits of this approach are presented. On the other hand, social-theoretical problems of this approach are revealed. These deficits are counteracted by expanding Koloma Beck's approach with a communicative-constructivist framework. Thus, the role of communicative action and the 'objectification of violence' is emphasized. These aspects impact the perception, judgement and (de-)legitimation of violence phenomena and the emergence of a 'knowledge of violence'. Communicative actions and objectifications form a key to understanding violent interactions and the link between the micro and macro levels. Finally, the methodological consequences for the research of violence and Communicative Constructivism are discussed. Furthermore, possible research fields are outlined, which open up by looking at communicative action and the objectifications within the 'triads of violence'.}, subject = {Gewalt}, language = {en} } @article{Stadler, author = {Stadler, Max}, title = {Gr{\"u}nderzeit. Hightech und Alternativen der Wissenschaft in West-Berlin}, series = {NTM Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin}, volume = {2022}, journal = {NTM Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin}, number = {30 (2022)}, publisher = {Basel}, address = {Birkh{\"a}user}, doi = {10.1007/s00048-022-00352-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230124-48800}, pages = {599 -- 632}, abstract = {Zu den diversen Unternehmungen sozialbewegter „Gegenwissenschaft", die um 1980 auf der Bildfl{\"a}che der BRD erschienen, z{\"a}hlte der 1982 gegr{\"u}ndete Berliner Wissenschaftsladen e. V., kurz WILAB - eine Art „alternatives" Spin-off der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Berlin. Der vorliegende Beitrag situiert die Ausgr{\"u}ndung des „Ladens" im Kontext zeitgen{\"o}ssischer Fortschritte der (regionalen) Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik. Gezeigt wird, wie der deindustrialisierenden Inselstadt, qua „innovationspolitischer" Gegensteuerung, dabei sogar eine gewisse Vorreiterrolle zukam: {\"u}ber die Stadtgrenzen hinaus sichtbare Neuerungen wie die Gr{\"u}ndermesse BIG TECH oder das 1983 er{\"o}ffnete Berliner Innovations- und Gr{\"u}nderzentrum (BIG), der erste „Incubator" [sic] der BRD, etwa gingen auf das Konto der 1977/78 lancierten Technologie-Transferstelle der TU Berlin, TU-transfer. Anders gesagt: tendenziell bekam man es hier nun mit Verh{\"a}ltnissen zu tun, die immer weniger mit den Tr{\"a}umen einer „kritischen", nicht-fremdbestimmten (Gegen‑)Wissenschaft kompatibel waren. Latent kontr{\"a}r zur historiographischen Prominenz des wissenschaftskritischen Zeitgeists fristeten „alternativen" Zielsetzungen verpflichtete Unternehmungen wie „WILAB" ein relativ marginalisiertes Nischendasein. Dennoch wirft das am WILAB verfolgte, so gesehen wenig aussichtsreiche Anliegen, eine andere, n{\"a}mlich „humanere" Informationstechnologie in die Wege zu leiten, ein instruktives Licht auf die Aufbr{\"u}che „unternehmerischer" Wissenschaft in der BRD um 1980.}, subject = {Berlin }, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Dokhanchi, author = {Dokhanchi, Najmeh Sadat}, title = {Acoustic travel time tomography: Applicability of an array of directional sound sources}, editor = {Arnold, J{\"o}rg}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4658}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220622-46589}, abstract = {The technique of Acoustic travel-time TOMography (ATOM) allows for measuring the distribution of air temperatures throughout the entire room based on the determined sound-travel-times of early reflections, currently up to second order reflections. The number of detected early reflections in the room impulse response (RIR) which stands for the desired sound paths inside the room, has a significant impact on the resolution of reconstructed temperatures. This study investigates the possibility of utilizing an array of directional sound sources for ATOM measurements instead of a single omnidirectional loudspeaker used in the previous studies [1-3]. The developed measurement setup consists of two directional sound sources placed near the edge of the floor in the climate chamber of the Bauhaus-University Weimar and one omnidirectional receiver at center of the room near the ceiling. In order to compensate for the reduced number of sound paths when using directional sound sources, it is proposed to take high-energy early reflections up to third order into account. For this purpose, the simulated travel times up to third-order image sources were implemented in the image source model (ISM) algorithm, by which these early reflections can be detected effectively for air temperature reconstructions. To minimize the uncertainties of travel-times estimation due to the positioning of the sound transducers inside the room, measurements were conducted to determine the exact emitting point of the utilized sound source i.e. its acoustic center (AC). For these measurements, three types of excitation signals (MLS, linear and logarithmic chirp signals) with various frequency ranges were used considering that the acoustic center of a sound source is a frequency dependent parameter [4]. Furthermore, measurements were conducted to determine an optimum excitation signal based on the given condition of the ATOM measurement set-up which defines an optimum method for the RIR estimation correspondingly. Finally, the uncertainty of the measuring system utilizing an array of directional sound sources was analyzed.}, subject = {Bauphysik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Arganaraz, author = {Arga{\~n}araz, Cecilia Magdalena}, title = {Tiempos imaginados y espacios {\´a}ridos: controversias en torno al agua en el Valle de Catamarca (siglos XIX-XX)}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4681}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220803-46817}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {The thesis addresses journalistic, administrative and judicial historical documentation to analyze the links between aridity and geographical imaginaries in the province of Catamarca (Argentina), from a historical point of view. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of the "non-hegemonic" versions of Modernity, its territoriality and the productions of geographic imaginaries that they involve. To provide a broad purpose, it raises as an object of study the ways in which "modern" practices, actors, links, discourses and expectations about the territory are mobilized when they are located in a space in "other" water conditions. those that are intended to "civilize" it. The general objective of the research is to analyze time-space controversies around water in the city and valley of Catamarca towards 19th and 20th centuries. The specific objectives derived are a) analyzing how various actors are related to waters behavior - in other words, the local water regime - in Catamarca and the meanings built around it. b) to analyze the controversies about the place of Catamarca and its water regime in the local and national geographic imaginary. c) analyze controversies in which the relationships between actors and materialities involved in modernization projects are put into discussion. These concerns by the experience of the actors and by the historical-spatial imagination of the territory, combined, led to the construction of an interdisciplinary methodology based on tools from anthropology, sociology, geography and history.}, subject = {Anthologie}, language = {es} } @misc{Miller, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Miller, Martin}, title = {BIM-basierte Digitalisierung von Bestandsgeb{\"a}uden aus Sicht des FM am Beispiel von Heizungsanlagen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4661}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220623-46616}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {101}, abstract = {Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, f{\"u}r das Facility Management relevante Informationen f{\"u}r die mit Building Information Modeling basierende Erstellung von Bestandsgeb{\"a}uden am Beispiel einer Hei- zungsanlage zu definieren. Darauf basierend sind die notwendigen Arbeitsschritte der Objek- taufnahme abgeleitet. F{\"u}r die Definition der Arbeitsschritte wurden das grundlegende Vorge- hen bei einer Objektaufnahme sowie die gesetzlichen Gegebenheiten f{\"u}r den Betrieb einer Heizungsanlage dargelegt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus sind in der vorliegenden Ausarbeitung die Vorteile und Herausforderungen hinsichtlich des Zusammenspiels von Building Information Modeling und Facility Management analysiert. Die definierten Arbeitsschritte sind anhand eines Beispiel- projektes angewendet worden. Im Rahmen des Beispielprojekts sind die entscheidenden Be- triebsdaten je Anlagenteil in Form von Informationsanforderungen nach DIN 17412 definiert. Das Geb{\"a}udemodell ist durch Parameter mit den f{\"u}r das Facility Management relevanten In- formationen erg{\"a}nzt. Die Resultate des Beispielprojektes sind mit aussagekr{\"a}ftigen Schnitten, Pl{\"a}nen sowie 3-D-Visualisierungen dargestellt. Abschließend sind die Ergebnisse in Bezug auf das FM validiert. Aus den Arbeitsschritten und Ergebnissen ist eine Leitlinie erstellt worden f{\"u}r den Digitalisierungsprozess von Bestandsgeb{\"a}uden f{\"u}r das Facility Management.}, subject = {Facility Management}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Drescher, author = {Drescher, Marcel}, title = {Open Innovation in KMU - Eine empirische Analyse der offenen Innovationsaktivit{\"a}ten im Kontext der Entrepreneurial Orientation}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4946}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230314-49463}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {211}, abstract = {Open Innovation in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) hat sich stark ausdifferenziert. Dabei zeigt die Empirie, dass KMU unterschiedliche Wege in der offenen Entwicklung von Innovationen begehen. Um die bestehende Literatur zu erweitern, wurden mit dieser Dissertation die Ziele verfolgt 1) offene Innovationsaktivit{\"a}ten in KMU aus einer Prozessperspektive aufzudecken und genau zu beschreiben und 2) zu erkl{\"a}ren, warum sich die {\"O}ffnung von Innovationsprozessen in KMU unterscheidet. Daf{\"u}r wurde auf eine multiple Fallstudienanalyse zur{\"u}ckgegriffen. Untersuchungsobjekte waren kleine etablierte High-Tech Unternehmen aus den neuen Bundesl{\"a}ndern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen sechs Prozessmodelle der offenen Innovationsentwicklung, beschrieben als Open Innovation Muster. Deskriptionen dieser Muster unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von formenden Innovationsaktivit{\"a}ten, ausgetauschtem Wissen, beteiligten externen Akteuren und Gr{\"u}nden f{\"u}r und gegen Open Innovation vermitteln ein {\"u}ber den bisherigen Forschungsstand hinausgehendes Verst{\"a}ndnis von Open Innovation in KMU. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Entrepreneurial Orientation erkl{\"a}rt, warum KMU bei der Ausgestaltung von offenen Innovationsprozessen unterschiedlich vorgehen. In der Dissertation wird detailliert dargelegt, welche Open Innovation Muster sich anhand der Entrepreneurial Orientation von KMU (nicht-entrepreneurial bis entrepreneurial) zeigen. Die Ergebnisse liefern sowohl wissenschaftliche Implikationen, als auch Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r die Unternehmenspraxis.}, subject = {Open Innovation}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KieselEngelsVoelker, author = {Kiesel, Gerd and Engels, Merit and V{\"o}lker, Conrad}, title = {Energetische Transformation im l{\"a}ndlichen Raum - Aufbau eines prozessorientierten Entwicklungs- und Moderationsmodells}, series = {Schriftenreihe des Fachgebiets Bauphysik/Energetische Geb{\"a}udeoptimierung}, booktitle = {Schriftenreihe des Fachgebiets Bauphysik/Energetische Geb{\"a}udeoptimierung}, editor = {Kornadt, Oliver and Carrigan, Svenja and Hofmann, Markus and V{\"o}lker, Conrad}, publisher = {Eigenverlag Technische Universit{\"a}t Kaiserslautern}, address = {Kaiserslautern}, isbn = {978-3-95974-176-7}, issn = {2363-8206}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4656}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220617-46566}, pages = {3}, abstract = {Kleine Kommunen im l{\"a}ndlichen Raum sind aufgrund ihrer oft eingeschr{\"a}nkten personellen und finanziellen Kapazit{\"a}ten bisher eher sporadisch in den Themenfeldern Energieeffizienz und Erneuerbare Energien aktiv. Immer wieder stellt sich daher Frage, wie die Klimaschutzstrategien des Bundes und der L{\"a}nder dort mit dem verf{\"u}gbaren Personal kosteng{\"u}nstig realisierbar sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird ein Werkzeug entwickelt, mit dessen Hilfe der aktive Einstieg in diese Thematik mit geringen Aufwand und {\"u}berwiegend barrierefrei m{\"o}glich ist. Der Aufbau eines prozessorientierten Entwicklungs- und Moderationsmodells zur Erprobung und Umsetzung bezahlbarer Handlungsoptionen f{\"u}r Energieeinsparungen und effizienten Energieeinsatz im {\"u}berwiegend l{\"a}ndlichen gepr{\"a}gten Raum ist der Schwerpunkt der Softwarel{\"o}sung. Kommunen werden mit deren Hilfe in die Lage versetzt, in die notwendigen Prozesse der Energie- und W{\"a}rmewende einzusteigen. Dabei soll der modulare Aufbau die regul{\"a}ren Schritte notwendiger (integrierter) Planungsprozesse nicht vollst{\"a}ndig ersetzen. Vielmehr k{\"o}nnen innerhalb der Online-Anwendung - {\"u}berwiegend automatisiert - konkrete Maßnahmenvorschl{\"a}ge erstellt werden, die ein solides Fundament der k{\"u}nftigen energetischen Entwicklung der Kommunen darstellen. F{\"u}r eine gezielte Validierung der Ergebnisse und der Ableitung potentieller Maßnahmen werden f{\"u}r die Erprobung Modellkommunen in Th{\"u}ringen, Bayern und Hessen als Reallabore einbezogen. Das Tool steht bisher zun{\"a}chst nur den beteiligten Modellkommunen zur Verf{\"u}gung. Die entwickelte Softwarel{\"o}sung soll k{\"u}nftig Schritt f{\"u}r Schritt allen interessierten Kommunen mit diversen Hilfsmitteln und einer Vielzahl anderer praktischer Bestandteile zur Verf{\"u}gung gestellt werden.}, subject = {Modellierung}, language = {de} } @article{ArtusKoch, author = {Artus, Mathias and Koch, Christian}, title = {Object-Oriented Damage Information Modeling Concepts and Implementation for Bridge Inspection}, series = {Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering}, number = {Volume 36, issue 6}, doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0001030}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220826-47087}, pages = {1 -- 21}, abstract = {Bridges are designed to last for more than 50 years and consume up to 50\% of their life-cycle costs during their operation phase. Several inspections and assessment actions are executed during this period. Bridge and damage information must be gathered, digitized, and exchanged between different stakeholders. Currently, the inspection and assessment practices rely on paper-based data collection and exchange, which is time-consuming and error-prone, and leads to loss of information. Storing and exchanging damage and building information in a digital format may lower costs and errors during inspection and assessment and support future needs, for example, immediate simulations regarding performance assessment, automated maintenance planning, and mixed reality inspections. This study focused on the concept for modeling damage information to support bridge reviews and structural analysis. Starting from the definition of multiple use cases and related requirements, the data model for damage information is defined independently from the subsequent implementation. In the next step, the implementation via an established standard is explained. Functional tests aim to identify problems in the concept and implementation. To show the capability of the final model, two example use cases are illustrated: the inspection review of the entire bridge and a finite-element analysis of a single component. Main results are the definition of necessary damage data, an object-oriented damage model, which supports multiple use cases, and the implementation of the model in a standard. Furthermore, the tests have shown that the standard is suitable to deliver damage information; however, several software programs lack proper implementation of the standard.}, subject = {Building Information Modeling}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Riechert, author = {Riechert, Christin}, title = {Hydratation und Eigenschaften von Gips-Zement-Puzzolan-Bindemitteln mit alumosilikatischen Puzzolanen}, isbn = {978-3-00-073003-0}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4707}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220825-47076}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {148}, abstract = {Reine Calciumsulfatbindemittel weisen eine hohe L{\"o}slichkeit auf. Feuchteinwirkung f{\"u}hrt zudem zu starken Festigkeitsverlusten. Aus diesem Grund werden diese Bindemittel ausschließlich f{\"u}r Baustoffe und -produkte im Innenbereich ohne permanenten Feuchtebeanspruchung eingesetzt. Eine M{\"o}glichkeit, die Feuchtebest{\"a}ndigkeit zu erh{\"o}hen, ist die Beimischung puzzolanischer und zement{\"a}rer Komponenten. Diese Mischsysteme werden Gips-Zement-Puzzolan-Bindemittel (kurz: GZPB) genannt. Mischungen aus Calciumsulfaten und Portlandzementen allein sind aufgrund der treibenden Ettringitbildung nicht raumbest{\"a}ndig. Durch die Zugabe von puzzolanischen Stoffen k{\"o}nnen aber Bedingungen im hydratisierenden System geschaffen werden, welche eine rissfreie Erh{\"a}rtung erm{\"o}glichen. Hierf{\"u}r ist eine exakte Rezeptierung der GZPB notwendig, um die GZPB-typischen, ettringitbedingten Dehnungen zeitlich zu begrenzen. Insbesondere bei alumosilikatischen Puzzolanen treten w{\"a}hrend der Hydratation gegen{\"u}ber rein silikatischen Puzzolanen deutlich h{\"o}here Expansionen auf, wodurch die Gefahr einer potenziellen Rissbildung steigt. F{\"u}r die Erstellung geeigneter GZPB-Zusammensetzungen bedarf es daher einer Methodik, um raumbest{\"a}ndig erh{\"a}rtende Systeme sicher von destruktiven Mischungen unterscheiden zu k{\"o}nnen. Sowohl f{\"u}r die Rezeptierung als auch f{\"u}r die Anwendung der GZPB existieren in Deutschland keinerlei Normen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus sind die Hydratationsvorg{\"a}nge sowie die entstehenden Produkte nicht konsistent beschrieben. Auch auf die Besonderheiten der GZPB mit alumosilikatischen Puzzolanen wird in der Literatur nur unzureichend eingegangen. Ziel war es daher, ein grundlegendes Verst{\"a}ndnis der Hydratation sowie eine sichere Methodik zur Rezeptierung raumbest{\"a}ndig und rissfrei erh{\"a}rtender GZPB, insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Verwendung alumosilikatischer Puzzolane, zu erarbeiten. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus sollte systematisch der Einfluss der Einzelkomponenten auf Hydratation und Eigenschaften dieser Bindemittelsysteme untersucht werden. Dies soll erm{\"o}glichen, die GZPB f{\"u}r ein breites Anwendungsspektrum als Bindemittel zu etablieren, und somit vorteilhafte Eigenschaften der Calciumsulfate (geringe Schwindneigung, geringe CO2-Emission etc.) mit der Leistungs-f{\"a}higkeit von Zementen (Wasserbest{\"a}ndigkeit, Festigkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit etc.) zu verbinden. Als Ausgangsstoffe der Untersuchungen zu den GZPB wurden Stuckgips und Alpha-Halbhydrat als Calciumsulfatbindemittel in unterschiedlichen Anteilen im GZPB verwendet. Die Puzzolan-Zement-Verh{\"a}ltnisse wurden ebenfalls variiert. Als Puzzolan kam f{\"u}r den Großteil der Untersuchungen ein alumosilikatisches Metakaolin zum Einsatz. Als kalkspendende Komponente diente ein reiner Portlandzement. Das Untersuchungsprogramm gliederte sich in 4 Teile. Zuerst wurde anhand von CaO- und pH-Wert-Messungen in Suspensionen sowie dem L{\"a}ngen{\"a}nderungsverhalten von Bindemittelleimen verschiedener Zusammensetzungen eine Vorauswahl geeigneter GZPB-Rezepturen ermittelt. Danach erfolgten, ebenfalls an Bindemittelleimen, Untersuchungen zu den Eigenschaften der als geeignet eingesch{\"a}tzten GZPB-Mischungen. Hierzu z{\"a}hlten Langzeitbetrachtungen zur rissfreien Erh{\"a}rtung bei unterschiedlichen Umgebungsbedingungen sowie die Festigkeitsentwicklung im trockenen und feuchten Zustand. Im n{\"a}chsten Schritt wurde anhand zweier exemplarischer GZPB-Zusammensetzungen (mit silikatischen und alumosilikatischen Puzzolan) die prinzipiell m{\"o}gliche Phasenzusammensetzung unter Variation des Puzzolan-Zement-Verh{\"a}ltnisses (P/Z-Verh{\"a}ltnis) und des Calciumsulfatanteils im thermodynamischen Gleichgewichtszustand berechnet. Hier wurde im Besonderen auf Unterschiede der silikatischen und alumosilikatischen Puzzolane eingegangen. Im letzten Teil der Untersuchungen wurden die Hydratationskinetik der GZPB sowie die Gef{\"u}geentwicklung n{\"a}her betrachtet. Hierf{\"u}r wurden die Porenl{\"o}sungen chemisch analysiert und S{\"a}ttigungsindizes berechnet, sowie elektronenmikropische, porosimetrische und r{\"o}ntgenografische Untersuchungen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Abschließend wurden die Ergebnisse gesamtheitlich interpretiert, da die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Untersuchungsprogramme miteinander in Wechselwirkung stehen. Als haupts{\"a}chliche Hydratationsprodukte wurden Calciumsulfat-Dihydrat, Ettringit und C-(A)-S-H-Phasen ermittelt, deren Anteile im GZPB neben dem Calciumsulfatanteil und dem Puzzolan-Zement-Verh{\"a}ltnis auch deutlich vom Wasserangebot und der Gef{\"u}geentwicklung abh{\"a}ngen. Bei Verwendung von alumosilikatischen Puzzolans kommt es wahrscheinlich zur teilweisen Substitution des Siliciums durch Aluminium in den C-S-H-Phasen. Dies erscheint aufgrund des Nachweises der f{\"u}r diese Phasen typischen, folienartigen Morphologie wahrscheinlich. Portlandit wurde in raumbest{\"a}ndigen GZPB-Systemen nur zu sehr fr{\"u}hen Zeitpunkten in geringen Mengen gefunden. In den Untersuchungen konnte ein Teil der in der Literatur beschriebenen, prinzipiellen Hydratationsabl{\"a}ufe best{\"a}tigt werden. Bei Verwendung von Halbhydrat als Calciumsulfatkomponente entsteht zuerst Dihydrat und bildet die Prim{\"a}rstruktur der GZPB. In dieses existierende Grundgef{\"u}ge kristallisieren dann das Ettringit und die C-(A)-S-H-Phasen. In den GZPB sorgen entgegen der Beschreibungen in der Literatur nicht ausschließlich die C-(A)-S-H-Phasen zur Verbesserung der Feuchtebest{\"a}ndigkeit und der Erh{\"o}hung des Festigkeitsniveaus, sondern auch das Ettringit. Beide Phasen {\"u}berwachsen im zeitlichen Verlauf der Hydratation die Dihydratkristalle in der Matrix und h{\"u}llen diese - je nach Calciumsulfatanteil im GZPB - teilweise oder vollst{\"a}ndig ein. Diese Umh{\"u}llung sowie die starke Gef{\"u}geverdichtung durch die C-(A)-S-H-Phasen und das Ettringit bedingen, dass ein l{\"o}sender Angriff durch Wasser erschwert oder gar verhindert wird. Gleichzeitig wird die Gleitf{\"a}higkeit an den Kontaktstellen der Dihydratkristalle verringert. Eine rissfreie und raumbest{\"a}ndige Erh{\"a}rtung ist f{\"u}r die gefahrlose Anwendung eines GZPB-Systems essentiell. Hierf{\"u}r ist die Kinetik der Ettringitbildung von elementarer Bedeutung. Die gebildete Ettringitmenge spielt nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Selbst ausgepr{\"a}gte, ettringitbedingte Dehnungen und hohe sich bildende Mengen f{\"u}hren zu fr{\"u}hen Zeitpunkten, wenn die Dihydratkristalle noch leicht gegeneinander verschiebbar sind, zu keinen Sch{\"a}den. Bleibt die {\"U}bers{\"a}ttigung bez{\"u}glich Ettringit und somit auch der Kristallisationsdruck allerdings {\"u}ber einen langen Zeitraum hoch, gen{\"u}gen bereits geringe Ettringitmengen, um das sich stetig verfestigende Gef{\"u}ge stark zu sch{\"a}digen. Die f{\"u}r die raumbest{\"a}ndige Erh{\"a}rtung der GZPB notwendige, schnelle Abnahme der Ettringit{\"u}bers{\"a}ttigung wird haupts{\"a}chlich durch die Reaktivit{\"a}t des Puzzolans beeinflusst. Die puzzolanische Reaktion f{\"u}hrt zur Bindung des aus dem Zement stammenden Calciumhydroxid durch die Bildung von C-(A)-S-H-Phasen und Ettringit. Hierdurch sinkt die Calcium- und Hydroxidionenkonzentration in der Porenl{\"o}sung im Verlauf der Hydratation, wodurch auch die {\"U}bers{\"a}ttigung bez{\"u}glich Ettringit abnimmt. Je h{\"o}her die Reaktivit{\"a}t des Puzzolans ist, desto schneller sinkt der S{\"a}ttigungsindex des Ettringits und somit auch der Kristallisationsdruck. Nach Unterschreiten eines noch n{\"a}her zu kl{\"a}rendem Grenzwert der {\"U}bers{\"a}ttigung stagnieren die Dehnungen. Das Ettringit kristallisiert bzw. w{\"a}chst nun bevorzugt in den Poren ohne eine weitere, {\"a}ußere Volumenzunahme zu verursachen. Um eine schadensfreie Erh{\"a}rtung des GZPB zu gew{\"a}hrleisten, muss gerade in der fr{\"u}hen Phase der Hydratation ein ausreichendes Wasserangebot gew{\"a}hrleistet werden, so dass die Ettringitbildung m{\"o}glichst vollst{\"a}ndig ablaufen kann. Andernfalls kann es bei einer Wiederbefeuchtung zur Reaktivierung der Ettringitbildung kommen, was im eingebauten Zustand Sch{\"a}den verursachen kann. Die Gew{\"a}hrleistung eines ausreichenden Wasserangebots ist im GZPB-System nicht unproblematisch. In Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der GZPB-Zusammensetzung k{\"o}nnen sich große Ettringitmengen bilden, die einen sehr hohen Wasserbedarf aufweisen. Deshalb kann es, je nach verwendeten Wasser-Bindemittel-Wert, im Bindemittelleim zu einem Wassermangel kommen, welcher die weitere Hydratation verlangsamt bzw. komplett verhindert. Zudem k{\"o}nnen GZPB-Systeme teils sehr dichte Gef{\"u}ge ausbilden, wodurch der Wassertransport zum Reaktionsort des Ettringits zus{\"a}tzlich behindert wird. Die Konzeption raumbest{\"a}ndiger GZPB-Systeme muss anhand mehrerer aufeinander aufbauender Untersuchungen erfolgen. Zur Vorauswahl geeigneter Puzzolan-Zementverh{\"a}ltnisse eignen sich die Messungen der CaO-Konzentration und des pH-Wertes in Suspensionen. Als alleinige Beurteilungsgrundlage reicht dies allerdings nicht aus. Zus{\"a}tzlich muss das L{\"a}ngen{\"a}nderungs-verhalten beurteilt werden. Raumbest{\"a}ndige Mischungen mit alumosilikatischen Puzzolanen zeigen zu fr{\"u}hen Zeitpunkten starke Dehnungen, welche dann abrupt stagnieren. Stetige - auch geringe - Dehnungen weisen auf eine destruktive Zusammensetzung hin. Mit diesem mehrstufigen Vorgehen k{\"o}nnen raumbest{\"a}ndige, stabile GZPB-Systeme konzipiert werden, so dass die Zielstellung der Arbeit erreicht wurde und ein sicherer praktischer Einsatz dieser Bindemittelart gew{\"a}hrleistet werden kann.  }, subject = {Gips}, language = {de} } @misc{CarvalhoDaher, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Carvalho Daher, Cesar Felipe}, title = {Horoskopos: a virtual planetarium for astrology}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4718}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220930-47181}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {104}, abstract = {This report details the development of Horoskopos, a virtual planetarium for astrology. This project was an attempt to develop a learning tool for studying astrological concepts as connected to observational astronomy. The premise that astrology and observational astronomy were once inseparable from each other in ancient times guided the conceptualization of this tool as an interactive planetarium. The main references were existing software and applications for visualization in astrology and astronomy. Professional astrology teachers were consulted in order to understand better the state of astrological teaching and learning, as well as existing tools and practice. Horoskopos was built using the Unity3D development interface, which is based on the C\# programming language. It also relied on the Swiss Ephemeris coding interface from Astrodienst. The development process was experimental and many of the needed skills were developed as needed. Usability tests were performed as new features were added to the interface. The final version of Horoskopos is fully usable, with many interactive visualization features and a defined visual identity. It was validated together with professional astrologers for its effectiveness in concept and visualization.}, subject = {Mediendesign}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Malik, author = {Malik, Irfan}, title = {An adaptive contact formulation for Isogeometric Finite Element Analysis}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4612}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220324-46129}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {124}, abstract = {Numerical simulation of physical phenomena, like electro-magnetics, structural and fluid mechanics is essential for the cost- and time-efficient development of mechanical products at high quality. It allows to investigate the behavior of a product or a system far before the first prototype of a product is manufactured. This thesis addresses the simulation of contact mechanics. Mechanical contacts appear in nearly every product of mechanical engineering. Gearboxes, roller bearings, valves and pumps are only some examples. Simulating these systems not only for the maximal/minimal stresses and strains but for the stress-distribution in case of tribo-contacts is a challenging task from a numerical point of view. Classical procedures like the Finite Element Method suffer from the nonsmooth representation of contact surfaces with discrete Lagrange elements. On the one hand, an error due to the approximate description of the surface is introduced. On the other hand it is difficult to attain a robust contact search because surface normals can not be described in a unique form at element edges. This thesis introduces therefore a novel approach, the adaptive isogeometric contact formulation based on polynomial Splines over hierarchical T-meshes (PHT-Splines), for the approximate solution of the non-linear contact problem. It provides a more accurate, robust and efficient solution compared to conventional methods. During the development of this method the focus was laid on the solution of static contact problems without friction in 2D and 3D in which the structures undergo small deformations. The mathematical description of the problem entails a system of partial differential equations and boundary conditions which model the linear elastic behaviour of continua. Additionally, it comprises side conditions, the Karush-Kuhn-Tuckerconditions, to prevent the contacting structures from non-physical penetration. The mathematical model must be transformed into its integral form for approximation of the solution. Employing a penalty method, contact constraints are incorporated by adding the resulting equations in weak form to the overall set of equations. For an efficient space discretization of the bulk and especially the contact boundary of the structures, the principle of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is applied. Isogeometric Finite Element Methods provide several advantages over conventional Finite Element discretization. Surface approximation with Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) allow a robust numerical solution of the contact problem with high accuracy in terms of an exact geometry description including the surface smoothness. The numerical evaluation of the contact integral is challenging due to generally non-conforming meshes of the contacting structures. In this work the highly accurate Mortar Method is applied in the isogeometric setting for the evaluation of contact contributions. This leads to an algebraic system of equations that is linearized and solved in sequential steps. This procedure is known as the Newton Raphson Method. Based on numerical examples, the advantages of the isogeometric approach with classical refinement strategies, like the p- and h-refinement, are shown and the influence of relevant algorithmic parameters on the approximate solution of the contact problem is verified. One drawback of the Spline approximations of stresses though is that they lack accuracy at the contact edge where the structures change their boundary from contact to no contact and where the solution features a kink. The approximation with smooth Spline functions yields numerical artefacts in the form of non-physical oscillations. This property of the numerical solution is not only a drawback for the simulation of e.g. tribological contacts, it also influences the convergence properties of iterative solution procedures negatively. Hence, the NURBS discretized geometries are transformed to Polynomial Splines over Hierarchical T-meshes (PHT-Splines), for the local refinement along contact edges to reduce the artefact of pressure oscillations. NURBS have a tensor product structure which does not allow to refine only certain parts of the geometrical domain while leaving other parts unchanged. Due to the B{\´e}zier Extraction, lying behind the transformation from NURBS to PHT-Splines, the connected mesh structure is broken up into separate elements. This allows an efficient local refinement along the contact edge. Before single elements are refined in a hierarchical form with cross-insertion, existing basis functions must be modified or eliminated. This process of truncation assures local and global linear independence of the refined basis which is needed for a unique approximate solution. The contact boundary is a priori unknown. Local refinement along the contact edge, especially for 3D problems, is for this reason not straight forward. In this work the use of an a posteriori error estimation procedure, the Super Convergent Recovery Solution Based Error Estimation Scheme, together with the D{\"o}rfler Marking Method is suggested for the spatial search of the contact edge. Numerical examples show that the developed method improves the quality of solutions along the contact edge significantly compared to NURBS based approximate solutions. Also, the error in maximum contact pressures, which correlates with the pressure artefacts, is minimized by the adaptive local refinement. In a final step the practicability of the developed solution algorithm is verified by an industrial application: The highly loaded mechanical contact between roller and cam in the drive train of a high-pressure fuel pump is considered.}, subject = {Isogeometrische Analyse}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-4604, title = {Ausgr{\"u}ndung aus der Universit{\"a}t - Ein praktischer Leitfaden f{\"u}r Wissenschaftler*innen}, editor = {Zorn, Josephine}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4604}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220311-46048}, publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {74}, abstract = {Ob MP3-Player, Elektro-Jet oder Hochgeschwindigkeits-R{\"o}ntgendetektor - hinter erfolgreichen Produkten stehen wissenschaftliche Erfindungen und Wissenschaftler*innen, die ihre Technologien kommerzialisiert haben. Auch Ihre Forschungsergebnisse k{\"o}nnten Potenzial f{\"u}r eine Ausgr{\"u}ndung bieten. Doch vor dem Wechsel aus der Universit{\"a}t in die Selbstst{\"a}ndigkeit stehen viele Fragen: Welche Marktchancen ergeben sich f{\"u}r meine Technologie? Welche Kompetenzen ben{\"o}tige ich in meinem Gr{\"u}ndungsteam? Wie entwickle ich ein tragf{\"a}higes Gesch{\"a}ftsmodell? Und nicht zuletzt: Welche F{\"o}rderprogramme und Finanzierungsoptionen gibt es f{\"u}r forschungsbasierte Ausgr{\"u}ndungen? Das Workbook der Gr{\"u}nderwerkstatt neudeli m{\"o}chte Ihnen als Wissenschaftler*in Unterst{\"u}tzung bei der Beantwortung dieser und vieler weiterer Fragen geben. Liebevoll gestaltet durch die parzelle34 bietet das Workbook den geeigneten Einstieg zum Thema »Ausgr{\"u}ndung aus der Wissenschaft«, gibt Ihnen erste Informationen sowie weiterf{\"u}hrende Beratungsangebote an die Hand und animiert mit interaktiven Elementen dazu, direkt durchzustarten!}, subject = {Wissenschaft}, language = {de} } @article{PatzeltErfurtLudwig, author = {Patzelt, Max and Erfurt, Doreen and Ludwig, Horst-Michael}, title = {Quantification of cracks in concrete thin sections considering current methods of image analysis}, series = {Journal of Microscopy}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Journal of Microscopy}, number = {Volume 286, Issue 2}, doi = {10.1111/jmi.13091}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220811-46754}, pages = {154 -- 159}, abstract = {Image analysis is used in this work to quantify cracks in concrete thin sections via modern image processing. Thin sections were impregnated with a yellow epoxy resin, to increase the contrast between voids and other phases of the concrete. By the means of different steps of pre-processing, machine learning and python scripts, cracks can be quantified in an area of up to 40 cm2. As a result, the crack area, lengths and widths were estimated automatically within a single workflow. Crack patterns caused by freeze-thaw damages were investigated. To compare the inner degradation of the investigated thin sections, the crack density was used. Cracks in the thin sections were measured manually in two different ways for validation of the automatic determined results. On the one hand, the presented work shows that the width of cracks can be determined pixelwise, thus providing the plot of a width distribution. On the other hand, the automatically measured crack length differs in comparison to the manually measured ones.}, subject = {Beton}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{ShaabanMohamed, author = {Shaaban Mohamed, Ahmed Mostafa}, title = {Isogeometric boundary element analysis and structural shape optimization for Helmholtz acoustic problems}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4703}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220816-47030}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {In this thesis, a new approach is developed for applications of shape optimization on the time harmonic wave propagation (Helmholtz equation) for acoustic problems. This approach is introduced for different dimensional problems: 2D, 3D axi-symmetric and fully 3D problems. The boundary element method (BEM) is coupled with the isogeometric analysis (IGA) forming the so-called (IGABEM) which speeds up meshing and gives higher accuracy in comparison with standard BEM. BEM is superior for handling unbounded domains by modeling only the inner boundaries and avoiding the truncation error, present in the finite element method (FEM) since BEM solutions satisfy the Sommerfeld radiation condition automatically. Moreover, BEM reduces the space dimension by one from a volumetric three-dimensional problem to a surface two-dimensional problem, or from a surface two-dimensional problem to a perimeter one-dimensional problem. Non-uniform rational B-splines basis functions (NURBS) are used in an isogeometric setting to describe both the CAD geometries and the physical fields. IGABEM is coupled with one of the gradient-free optimization methods, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for structural shape optimization problems. PSO is a straightforward method since it does not require any sensitivity analysis but it has some trade-offs with regard to the computational cost. Coupling IGA with optimization problems enables the NURBS basis functions to represent the three models: shape design, analysis and optimization models, by a definition of a set of control points to be the control variables and the optimization parameters as well which enables an easy transition between the three models. Acoustic shape optimization for various frequencies in different mediums is performed with PSO and the results are compared with the benchmark solutions from the literature for different dimensional problems proving the efficiency of the proposed approach with the following remarks: - In 2D problems, two BEM methods are used: the conventional isogeometric boundary element method (IGABEM) and the eXtended IGABEM (XIBEM) enriched with the partition-of-unity expansion using a set of plane waves, where the results are generally in good agreement with the linterature with some computation advantage to XIBEM which allows coarser meshes. -In 3D axi-symmetric problems, the three-dimensional problem is simplified in BEM from a surface integral to a combination of two 1D integrals. The first is the line integral similar to a two-dimensional BEM problem. The second integral is performed over the angle of revolution. The discretization is applied only to the former integration. This leads to significant computational savings and, consequently, better treatment for higher frequencies over the full three-dimensional models. - In fully 3D problems, a detailed comparison between two BEM methods: the conventional boundary integral equation (CBIE) and Burton-Miller (BM) is provided including the computational cost. The proposed models are enhanced with a modified collocation scheme with offsets to Greville abscissae to avoid placing collocation points at the corners. Placing collocation points on smooth surface enables accurate evaluation of normals for BM formulation in addition to straightforward prediction of jump-terms and avoids singularities in \$\mathcal{O} (1/r)\$ integrals eliminating the need for polar integration. Furthermore, no additional special treatment is required for the hyper-singular integral while collocating on highly distorted elements, such as those containing sphere poles. The obtained results indicate that, CBIE with PSO is a feasible alternative (except for a small number of fictitious frequencies) which is easier to implement. Furthermore, BM presents an outstanding treatment of the complicated geometry of mufflers with internal extended inlet/outlet tube as an interior 3D Helmholtz acoustic problem instead of using mixed or dual BEM.}, subject = {Randelemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Cicek, author = {Cicek, Burhan}, title = {Revisiting vernacular technique: Engineering a low environmental impact earth stabilisation method}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4698}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220803-46989}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {195}, abstract = {The major drawbacks of earth as a construction material — such as its low water stability and moderate strength — have led mankind to stabilize earth. Different civilizations developed vernacular techniques mainly focussing on lime, pozzolan or gypsum stabilization. Recently, cement has become the most commonly used additive in earth stabilization as it improves the strength and durability of plain earth. Also, it is a familiar and globally available construction material. However, using cement as an additive reduces the environmental advantages of earth and run counter to global targets regarding the reduction of CO2 emissions. Alternatives to cement stabilization are currently neither efficient enough to reduce its environmental impact nor allow the possibility of obtaining better results than those of cement. As such, this thesis deals with the rediscovery of a reverse engineering approach for a low environmental impact earth stabilization technique, aiming to replace cement in earth stabilization. The first step in the method consists in a comprehensive review of earth stabilization with regards to earthen building standards and soil classification, which allows us to identify the research gap. The review showed that there is great potential in using other additives which result in similar improvements as those achieved by cement. However, the studies that have been conducted so far either use expansive soils, which are not suitable for earth constructions or artificial pozzolans that indirectly contribute to CO2 emissions. This is the main research gap. The key concept for the development in the second step of the method is to combine vernacular additives to both improve the strength and durability of plain earth and to reduce the CO2 emissions. Various earth-mixtures were prepared and both development and performance tests were done to investigate the performance of this technique. The laboratory analyses on mix-design have proven a high durability and the results show a remarkable increase in strength performance. Furthermore, a significant reduction in CO2 emissions in comparison to cement stabilization could be shown. The third step of the method discusses the results drawn from the experimental programme. In addition, the potential of the new earth mixture with regards to its usability in the field of building construction and architectural design is further elaborated on. The method used in this study is the first of its kind that allows investors to avoid the very time-consuming processes such as finding a suitable source for soil excavation and soil classification. The developed mixture has significant workability and suitability for production of stabilized earthen panels — the very first of its kind. Such a panel is practically feasible, reasonable, and could be integrated into earthen building standards in general and in particular to DIN 18948, which is related to earthen boards and published in 2018.}, subject = {Lehm}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Damir, author = {Damir, Mirhan}, title = {Recalling the Omitted: Exploring the Spatial Development of the Modern Industrial Legacies in Egypt. The Case of Alexandria.}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4619}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220329-46196}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {237}, abstract = {The modern industries of the 19th and 20th centuries had multiple effects on the spatial transformation of cities and regions. The past decade has witnessed increasing scholarly and governmental attempts toward conserving modern industrial heritage in the so-called Global North, with the goal, among others, of leveraging this heritage as a driver for urban economic development. In Egypt, the process continues to lag behind; on the one hand, this is due to the perplexing official recognition of the (in)tangible witnesses of modern industries. On the other hand, the official recognition and previous publications focus predominantly on weighing the significance of industrial structures based on their monumental architectural aesthetics. Their historical urban role and spatial attributes as part of urban heritage have yet to be seriously acknowledged. Accordingly, this hinders the integration of the extant industrial sites into the broader debate surrounding urban conservation, leaving them vulnerable to decay and destruction. This dissertation steers away from the singular investigation of selective modern industrial sites to recall their historical spatial development on a city scale. This is effected by investigating a case study - the Egyptian port city of Alexandria. With the limited secondary data available on modern industries in Alexandria, this dissertation relied predominantly on primary sources. The author collected and leveraged both quantitative and qualitative data to recontextualize modern industries in terms of their spatial dynamics, order, and rationale within cities' transformation. By recalling historical spatial development in Alexandria, the contribution of this dissertation lies in highlighting what the author refers to as the Omitted Heritage. This is defined by the modern industries in Egypt that are intentionally, unintentionally, and forgetfully excluded in terms of physical documentation, evaluation, appreciation, and integration within urban development plans. The method used excavated the richness of the established modern industries in Alexandria in terms of their quantity and diversity, which would have otherwise remained largely forgotten. The contextualization of modern industries unveiled spatial periodization, spatial dynamics, and conceptual development. The study draws on important analytical aspects that transcend the sites' boundaries, elevating their significance to the municipal, regional, national, and even global levels. Its recommendations for further research are also divided into those levels.}, subject = {{\"A}gypten}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangRen, author = {Zhang, Yongzheng and Ren, Huilong}, title = {Implicit implementation of the nonlocal operator method: an open source code}, series = {Engineering with computers}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Engineering with computers}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1007/s00366-021-01537-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220216-45930}, pages = {1 -- 35}, abstract = {In this paper, we present an open-source code for the first-order and higher-order nonlocal operator method (NOM) including a detailed description of the implementation. The NOM is based on so-called support, dual-support, nonlocal operators, and an operate energy functional ensuring stability. The nonlocal operator is a generalization of the conventional differential operators. Combined with the method of weighed residuals and variational principles, NOM establishes the residual and tangent stiffness matrix of operate energy functional through some simple matrix without the need of shape functions as in other classical computational methods such as FEM. NOM only requires the definition of the energy drastically simplifying its implementation. The implementation in this paper is focused on linear elastic solids for sake of conciseness through the NOM can handle more complex nonlinear problems. The NOM can be very flexible and efficient to solve partial differential equations (PDEs), it's also quite easy for readers to use the NOM and extend it to solve other complicated physical phenomena described by one or a set of PDEs. Finally, we present some classical benchmark problems including the classical cantilever beam and plate-with-a-hole problem, and we also make an extension of this method to solve complicated problems including phase-field fracture modeling and gradient elasticity material.}, subject = {Strukturmechanik}, language = {en} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yongzheng}, title = {Nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation based on nonlocal operator method}, series = {Engineering with Computers}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Engineering with Computers}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1007/s00366-021-01587-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220209-45849}, pages = {1 -- 35}, abstract = {In this study, we propose a nonlocal operator method (NOM) for the dynamic analysis of (thin) Kirchhoff plates. The nonlocal Hessian operator is derived based on a second-order Taylor series expansion. The NOM does not require any shape functions and associated derivatives as 'classical' approaches such as FEM, drastically facilitating the implementation. Furthermore, NOM is higher order continuous, which is exploited for thin plate analysis that requires C1 continuity. The nonlocal dynamic governing formulation and operator energy functional for Kirchhoff plates are derived from a variational principle. The Verlet-velocity algorithm is used for the time discretization. After confirming the accuracy of the nonlocal Hessian operator, several numerical examples are simulated by the nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation.}, subject = {Angewandte Mathematik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yongzheng}, title = {A Nonlocal Operator Method for Quasi-static and Dynamic Fracture Modeling}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4732}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221026-47321}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Material failure can be tackled by so-called nonlocal models, which introduce an intrinsic length scale into the formulation and, in the case of material failure, restore the well-posedness of the underlying boundary value problem or initial boundary value problem. Among nonlocal models, peridynamics (PD) has attracted a lot of attention as it allows the natural transition from continuum to discontinue and thus allows modeling of discrete cracks without the need to describe and track the crack topology, which has been a major obstacle in traditional discrete crack approaches. This is achieved by replacing the divergence of the Cauchy stress tensor through an integral over so-called bond forces, which account for the interaction of particles. A quasi-continuum approach is then used to calibrate the material parameters of the bond forces, i.e., equating the PD energy with the energy of a continuum. One major issue for the application of PD to general complex problems is that they are limited to fairly simple material behavior and pure mechanical problems based on explicit time integration. PD has been extended to other applications but losing simultaneously its simplicity and ease in modeling material failure. Furthermore, conventional PD suffers from instability and hourglass modes that require stabilization. It also requires the use of constant horizon sizes, which drastically reduces its computational efficiency. The latter issue was resolved by the so-called dual-horizon peridynamics (DH-PD) formulation and the introduction of the duality of horizons. Within the nonlocal operator method (NOM), the concept of nonlocality is further extended and can be considered a generalization of DH-PD. Combined with the energy functionals of various physical models, the nonlocal forms based on the dual-support concept can be derived. In addition, the variation of the energy functional allows implicit formulations of the nonlocal theory. While traditional integral equations are formulated in an integral domain, the dual-support approaches are based on dual integral domains. One prominent feature of NOM is its compatibility with variational and weighted residual methods. The NOM yields a direct numerical implementation based on the weighted residual method for many physical problems without the need for shape functions. Only the definition of the energy or boundary value problem is needed to drastically facilitate the implementation. The nonlocal operator plays an equivalent role to the derivatives of the shape functions in meshless methods and finite element methods (FEM). Based on the variational principle, the residual and the tangent stiffness matrix can be obtained with ease by a series of matrix multiplications. In addition, NOM can be used to derive many nonlocal models in strong form. The principal contributions of this dissertation are the implementation and application of NOM, and also the development of approaches for dealing with fractures within the NOM, mostly for dynamic fractures. The primary coverage and results of the dissertation are as follows: -The first/higher-order implicit NOM and explicit NOM, including a detailed description of the implementation, are presented. The NOM is based on so-called support, dual-support, nonlocal operators, and an operate energy functional ensuring stability. The nonlocal operator is a generalization of the conventional differential operators. Combining with the method of weighted residuals and variational principles, NOM establishes the residual and tangent stiffness matrix of operate energy functional through some simple matrix without the need of shape functions as in other classical computational methods such as FEM. NOM only requires the definition of the energy drastically simplifying its implementation. For the sake of conciseness, the implementation in this chapter is focused on linear elastic solids only, though the NOM can handle more complex nonlinear problems. An explicit nonlocal operator method for the dynamic analysis of elasticity solid problems is also presented. The explicit NOM avoids the calculation of the tangent stiffness matrix as in the implicit NOM model. The explicit scheme comprises the Verlet-velocity algorithm. The NOM can be very flexible and efficient for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). It's also quite easy for readers to use the NOM and extend it to solve other complicated physical phenomena described by one or a set of PDEs. Several numerical examples are presented to show the capabilities of this method. -A nonlocal operator method for the dynamic analysis of (thin) Kirchhoff plates is proposed. The nonlocal Hessian operator is derived from a second-order Taylor series expansion. NOM is higher-order continuous, which is exploited for thin plate analysis that requires \$C^1\$ continuity. The nonlocal dynamic governing formulation and operator energy functional for Kirchhoff plates are derived from a variational principle. The Verlet-velocity algorithm is used for time discretization. After confirming the accuracy of the nonlocal Hessian operator, several numerical examples are simulated by the nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation. -A nonlocal fracture modeling is developed and applied to the simulation of quasi-static and dynamic fractures using the NOM. The phase field's nonlocal weak and associated strong forms are derived from a variational principle. The NOM requires only the definition of energy. We present both a nonlocal implicit phase field model and a nonlocal explicit phase field model for fracture; the first approach is better suited for quasi-static fracture problems, while the key application of the latter one is dynamic fracture. To demonstrate the performance of the underlying approach, several benchmark examples for quasi-static and dynamic fracture are solved.}, subject = {Variationsprinzip}, language = {en} } @article{RabczukGuoZhuangetal., author = {Rabczuk, Timon and Guo, Hongwei and Zhuang, Xiaoying and Chen, Pengwan and Alajlan, Naif}, title = {Stochastic deep collocation method based on neural architecture search and transfer learning for heterogeneous porous media}, series = {Engineering with Computers}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Engineering with Computers}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1007/s00366-021-01586-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220209-45835}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {We present a stochastic deep collocation method (DCM) based on neural architecture search (NAS) and transfer learning for heterogeneous porous media. We first carry out a sensitivity analysis to determine the key hyper-parameters of the network to reduce the search space and subsequently employ hyper-parameter optimization to finally obtain the parameter values. The presented NAS based DCM also saves the weights and biases of the most favorable architectures, which is then used in the fine-tuning process. We also employ transfer learning techniques to drastically reduce the computational cost. The presented DCM is then applied to the stochastic analysis of heterogeneous porous material. Therefore, a three dimensional stochastic flow model is built providing a benchmark to the simulation of groundwater flow in highly heterogeneous aquifers. The performance of the presented NAS based DCM is verified in different dimensions using the method of manufactured solutions. We show that it significantly outperforms finite difference methods in both accuracy and computational cost.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{ChakrabortyAnitescuZhuangetal., author = {Chakraborty, Ayan and Anitescu, Cosmin and Zhuang, Xiaoying and Rabczuk, Timon}, title = {Domain adaptation based transfer learning approach for solving PDEs on complex geometries}, series = {Engineering with Computers}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Engineering with Computers}, doi = {10.1007/s00366-022-01661-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220811-46776}, pages = {1 -- 20}, abstract = {In machine learning, if the training data is independently and identically distributed as the test data then a trained model can make an accurate predictions for new samples of data. Conventional machine learning has a strong dependence on massive amounts of training data which are domain specific to understand their latent patterns. In contrast, Domain adaptation and Transfer learning methods are sub-fields within machine learning that are concerned with solving the inescapable problem of insufficient training data by relaxing the domain dependence hypothesis. In this contribution, this issue has been addressed and by making a novel combination of both the methods we develop a computationally efficient and practical algorithm to solve boundary value problems based on nonlinear partial differential equations. We adopt a meshfree analysis framework to integrate the prevailing geometric modelling techniques based on NURBS and present an enhanced deep collocation approach that also plays an important role in the accuracy of solutions. We start with a brief introduction on how these methods expand upon this framework. We observe an excellent agreement between these methods and have shown that how fine-tuning a pre-trained network to a specialized domain may lead to an outstanding performance compare to the existing ones. As proof of concept, we illustrate the performance of our proposed model on several benchmark problems.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nouri, author = {Nouri, Hamidreza}, title = {Mechanical Behavior of two dimensional sheets and polymer compounds based on molecular dynamics and continuum mechanics approach}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4670}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220713-46700}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {152}, abstract = {Compactly, this thesis encompasses two major parts to examine mechanical responses of polymer compounds and two dimensional materials: 1- Molecular dynamics approach is investigated to study transverse impact behavior of polymers, polymer compounds and two dimensional materials. 2- Large deflection of circular and rectangular membranes is examined by employing continuum mechanics approach. Two dimensional materials (2D), including, Graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), exhibited new and promising physical and chemical properties, opening new opportunities to be utilized alone or to enhance the performance of conventional materials. These 2D materials have attracted tremendous attention owing to their outstanding physical properties, especially concerning transverse impact loading. Polymers, with the backbone of carbon (organic polymers) or do not include carbon atoms in the backbone (inorganic polymers) like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), have extraordinary characteristics particularly their flexibility leads to various easy ways of forming and casting. These simple shape processing label polymers as an excellent material often used as a matrix in composites (polymer compounds). In this PhD work, Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) is implemented to calculate transverse impact loading of 2D materials as well as polymer compounds reinforced with graphene sheets. In particular, MD was adopted to investigate perforation of the target and impact resistance force . By employing MD approach, the minimum velocity of the projectile that could create perforation and passes through the target is obtained. The largest investigation was focused on how graphene could enhance the impact properties of the compound. Also the purpose of this work was to discover the effect of the atomic arrangement of 2D materials on the impact problem. To this aim, the impact properties of two different 2D materials, graphene and MoS2, are studied. The simulation of chemical functionalization was carried out systematically, either with covalently bonded molecules or with non-bonded ones, focusing the following efforts on the covalently bounded species, revealed as the most efficient linkers. To study transverse impact behavior by using classical MD approach , Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) software, that is well-known among most researchers, is employed. The simulation is done through predefined commands in LAMMPS. Generally these commands (atom style, pair style, angle style, dihedral style, improper style, kspace style, read data, fix, run, compute and so on) are used to simulate and run the model for the desired outputs. Depends on the particles and model types, suitable inter-atomic potentials (force fields) are considered. The ensembles, constraints and boundary conditions are applied depends upon the problem definition. To do so, atomic creation is needed. Python codes are developed to generate particles which explain atomic arrangement of each model. Each atomic arrangement introduced separately to LAMMPS for simulation. After applying constraints and boundary conditions, LAMMPS also include integrators like velocity-Verlet integrator or Brownian dynamics or other types of integrator to run the simulation and finally the outputs are emerged. The outputs are inspected carefully to appreciate the natural behavior of the problem. Appreciation of natural properties of the materials assist us to design new applicable materials. In investigation on the large deflection of circular and rectangular membranes, which is related to the second part of this thesis, continuum mechanics approach is implemented. Nonlinear F{\"o}ppl membrane theory, which carefully release nonlinear governing equations of motion, is considered to establish the non-linear partial differential equilibrium equations of the membranes under distributed and centric point loads. The Galerkin and energy methods are utilized to solve non-linear partial differential equilibrium equations of circular and rectangular plates respectively. Maximum deflection as well as stress through the film region, which are kinds of issue in many industrial applications, are obtained.}, subject = {Molekulardynamik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Jenabidehkordi, author = {Jenabidehkordi, Ali}, title = {An Efficient Adaptive PD Formulation for Complex Microstructures}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4742}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221124-47422}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {118}, abstract = {The computational costs of newly developed numerical simulation play a critical role in their acceptance within both academic use and industrial employment. Normally, the refinement of a method in the area of interest reduces the computational cost. This is unfortunately not true for most nonlocal simulation, since refinement typically increases the size of the material point neighborhood. Reducing the discretization size while keep- ing the neighborhood size will often require extra consideration. Peridy- namic (PD) is a newly developed numerical method with nonlocal nature. Its straightforward integral form equation of motion allows simulating dy- namic problems without any extra consideration required. The formation of crack and its propagation is known as natural to peridynamic. This means that discontinuity is a result of the simulation and does not demand any post-processing. As with other nonlocal methods, PD is considered an expensive method. The refinement of the nodal spacing while keeping the neighborhood size (i.e., horizon radius) constant, emerges to several nonphysical phenomena. This research aims to reduce the peridynamic computational and imple- mentation costs. A novel refinement approach is introduced. The pro- posed approach takes advantage of the PD flexibility in choosing the shape of the horizon by introducing multiple domains (with no intersections) to the nodes of the refinement zone. It will be shown that no ghost forces will be created when changing the horizon sizes in both subdomains. The approach is applied to both bond-based and state-based peridynamic and verified for a simple wave propagation refinement problem illustrating the efficiency of the method. Further development of the method for higher dimensions proves to have a direct relationship with the mesh sensitivity of the PD. A method for solving the mesh sensitivity of the PD is intro- duced. The application of the method will be examined by solving a crack propagation problem similar to those reported in the literature. New software architecture is proposed considering both academic and in- dustrial use. The available simulation tools for employing PD will be collected, and their advantages and drawbacks will be addressed. The challenges of implementing any node base nonlocal methods while max- imizing the software flexibility to further development and modification will be discussed and addressed. A software named Relation-Based Sim- ulator (RBS) is developed for examining the proposed architecture. The exceptional capabilities of RBS will be explored by simulating three dis- tinguished models. RBS is available publicly and open to further develop- ment. The industrial acceptance of the RBS will be tested by targeting its performance on one Mac and two Linux distributions.}, subject = {Peridynamik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hanna, author = {Hanna, John}, title = {Computational Fracture Modeling and Design of Encapsulation-Based Self-Healing Concrete Using XFEM and Cohesive Surface Technique}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4746}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221124-47467}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {125}, abstract = {Encapsulation-based self-healing concrete (SHC) is the most promising technique for providing a self-healing mechanism to concrete. This is due to its capacity to heal fractures effectively without human interventions, extending the operational life and lowering maintenance costs. The healing mechanism is created by embedding capsules containing the healing agent inside the concrete. The healing agent will be released once the capsules are fractured and the healing occurs in the vicinity of the damaged part. The healing efficiency of the SHC is still not clear and depends on several factors; in the case of microcapsules SHC the fracture of microcapsules is the most important aspect to release the healing agents and hence heal the cracks. This study contributes to verifying the healing efficiency of SHC and the fracture mechanism of the microcapsules. Extended finite element method (XFEM) is a flexible, and powerful discrete crack method that allows crack propagation without the requirement for re-meshing and has been shown high accuracy for modeling fracture in concrete. In this thesis, a computational fracture modeling approach of Encapsulation-based SHC is proposed based on the XFEM and cohesive surface technique (CS) to study the healing efficiency and the potential of fracture and debonding of the microcapsules or the solidified healing agents from the concrete matrix as well. The concrete matrix and a microcapsule shell both are modeled by the XFEM and combined together by CS. The effects of the healed-crack length, the interfacial fracture properties, and microcapsule size on the load carrying capability and fracture pattern of the SHC have been studied. The obtained results are compared to those obtained from the zero thickness cohesive element approach to demonstrate the significant accuracy and the validity of the proposed simulation. The present fracture simulation is developed to study the influence of the capsular clustering on the fracture mechanism by varying the contact surface area of the CS between the microcapsule shell and the concrete matrix. The proposed fracture simulation is expanded to 3D simulations to validate the 2D computational simulations and to estimate the accuracy difference ratio between 2D and 3D simulations. In addition, a proposed design method is developed to design the size of the microcapsules consideration of a sufficient volume of healing agent to heal the expected crack width. This method is based on the configuration of the unit cell (UC), Representative Volume Element (RVE), Periodic Boundary Conditions (PBC), and associated them to the volume fraction (Vf) and the crack width as variables. The proposed microcapsule design is verified through computational fracture simulations.}, subject = {Beton}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{CarvajalBermudez, author = {Carvajal Berm{\´u}dez, Juan Carlos}, title = {New methods of citizen participation based on digital technologies}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4712}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220906-47124}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {The current thesis presents research about new methods of citizen participation based on digital technologies. The focus on the research lies on decentralized methods of participation where citizens take the role of co-creators. The research project first conducted a review of the literature on citizen participation, its origins and the different paradigms that have emerged over the years. The literature review also looked at the influence of technologies on participation processes and the theoretical frameworks that have emerged to understand the introduction of technologies in the context of urban development. The literature review generated the conceptual basis for the further development of the thesis. The research begins with a survey of technology enabled participation applications that examined the roles and structures emerging due to the introduction of technology. The results showed that cities use technology mostly to control and monitor urban infrastructure and are rather reluctant to give citizens the role of co-creators. Based on these findings, three case studies were developed. Digital tools for citizen participation were conceived and introduced for each case study. The adoption and reaction of the citizens were observed using three data collection methods. The results of the case studies showed consistently that previous participation and engagement with informal citizen participation are a determinining factor in the potential adoption of digital tools for decentralized engagement. Based on these results, the case studies proposed methods and frameworks that can be used for the conception and introduction of technologies for decentralized citizen participation.}, subject = {Partizipation}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vogler, author = {Vogler, Verena}, title = {A framework for artificial coral reef design: Integrating computational modelling and high precision monitoring strategies for artificial coral reefs - an Ecosystem-aware design approach in times of climate change}, isbn = {978-3-00-074495-2}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4611}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220322-46115}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {243}, abstract = {Tropical coral reefs, one of the world's oldest ecosystems which support some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet, are currently facing an unprecedented ecological crisis during this massive human-activity-induced period of extinction. Hence, tropical reefs symbolically stand for the destructive effects of human activities on nature [4], [5]. Artificial reefs are excellent examples of how architectural design can be combined with ecosystem regeneration [6], [7], [8]. However, to work at the interface between the artificial and the complex and temporal nature of natural systems presents a challenge, i.a. in respect to the B-rep modelling legacy of computational modelling. The presented doctorate investigates strategies on how to apply digital practice to realise what is an essential bulwark to retain reefs in impossibly challenging times. Beyond the main question of integrating computational modelling and high precision monitoring strategies in artificial coral reef design, this doctorate explores techniques, methods, and linking frameworks to support future research and practice in ecology led design contexts. Considering the many existing approaches for artificial coral reefs design, one finds they often fall short in precisely understanding the relationships between architectural and ecological aspects (e.g. how a surface design and material composition can foster coral larvae settlement, or structural three-dimensionality enhance biodiversity) and lack an integrated underwater (UW) monitoring process. Such a process is necessary in order to gather knowledge about the ecosystem and make it available for design, and to learn whether artificial structures contribute to reef regeneration or rather harm the coral reef ecosystem. For the research, empirical experimental methods were applied: Algorithmic coral reef design, high precision UW monitoring, computational modelling and simulation, and validated through parallel real-world physical experimentation - two Artificial Reef Prototypes (ARPs) in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia (2012-today). Multiple discrete methods and sub techniques were developed in seventeen computational experiments and applied in a way in which many are cross valid and integrated in an overall framework that is offered as a significant contribution to the field. Other main contributions include the Ecosystem-aware design approach, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for coral reef design, algorithmic design and fabrication of Biorock cathodes, new high precision UW monitoring strategies, long-term real-world constructed experiments, new digital analysis methods and two new front-end web-based tools for reef design and monitoring reefs. The methodological framework is a finding of the research that has many technical components that were tested and combined in this way for the very first time. In summary, the thesis responds to the urgency and relevance in preserving marine species in tropical reefs during this massive extinction period by offering a differentiated approach towards artificial coral reefs - demonstrating the feasibility of digitally designing such 'living architecture' according to multiple context and performance parameters. It also provides an in-depth critical discussion of computational design and architecture in the context of ecosystem regeneration and Planetary Thinking. In that respect, the thesis functions as both theoretical and practical background for computational design, ecology and marine conservation - not only to foster the design of artificial coral reefs technically but also to provide essential criteria and techniques for conceiving them. Keywords: Artificial coral reefs, computational modelling, high precision underwater monitoring, ecology in design.}, subject = {Korallenriff}, language = {en} } @article{GuoZhuangChenetal., author = {Guo, Hongwei and Zhuang, Xiaoying and Chen, Pengwan and Alajlan, Naif and Rabczuk, Timon}, title = {Analysis of three-dimensional potential problems in non-homogeneous media with physics-informed deep collocation method using material transfer learning and sensitivity analysis}, series = {Engineering with Computers}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Engineering with Computers}, doi = {10.1007/s00366-022-01633-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220811-46764}, pages = {1 -- 22}, abstract = {In this work, we present a deep collocation method (DCM) for three-dimensional potential problems in non-homogeneous media. This approach utilizes a physics-informed neural network with material transfer learning reducing the solution of the non-homogeneous partial differential equations to an optimization problem. We tested different configurations of the physics-informed neural network including smooth activation functions, sampling methods for collocation points generation and combined optimizers. A material transfer learning technique is utilized for non-homogeneous media with different material gradations and parameters, which enhance the generality and robustness of the proposed method. In order to identify the most influential parameters of the network configuration, we carried out a global sensitivity analysis. Finally, we provide a convergence proof of our DCM. The approach is validated through several benchmark problems, also testing different material variations.}, subject = {Deep learning}, language = {en} } @article{BuschowWellbrock, author = {Buschow, Christopher and Wellbrock, Christian-Mathias}, title = {"Spotify for News"? User Perception of Subscription-Based Content Platforms for News Media}, series = {Journalism and Media}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Journalism and Media}, number = {2023, 4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/journalmedia4010001}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230124-48740}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {Subscription-based news platforms (such as "Apple News+" or "Readly") that bundle content from different publishers into one comprehensive package and offer it to media users at a fixed monthly rate are a new way of accessing and consuming digital journalism. These services have received little attention in journalism studies, although they differ greatly from traditional media products and distribution channels. This article empirically investigates the perception of journalism platforms based on eight qualitative focus group discussions with 55 German news consumers. Results show that the central characteristics these platforms should fulfill in order to attract users are strikingly similar to the characteristics of media platforms from the music and video industries, in particular regarding price points, contract features, and modes of usage. Against this background, the potential and perspectives of a subscription-based news platform for journalism's societal role are discussed.}, subject = {Journalistik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller, author = {M{\"u}ller, Matthias}, title = {Salt-frost Attack on Concrete - New Findings regarding the Damage Mechanism}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4868}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230103-48681}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {The reduction of the cement clinker content is an important prerequisite for the improvement of the CO2-footprint of concrete. Nevertheless, the durability of such concretes must be sufficient to guarantee a satisfactory service life of structures. Salt frost scaling resistance is a critical factor in this regard, as it is often diminished at increased clinker substitution rates. Furthermore, only insufficient long-term experience for such concretes exists. A high salt frost scaling resistance thus cannot be achieved by applying only descriptive criteria, such as the concrete composition. It is therefore to be expected, that in the long term a performance based service life prediction will replace the descriptive concept. To achieve the important goal of clinker reduction for concretes also in cold and temperate climates it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms for salt frost scaling. However, conflicting damage theories dominate the current State of the Art. It was consequently derived as the goal of this thesis to evaluate existing damage theories and to examine them experimentally. It was found that only two theories have the potential to describe the salt frost attack satisfactorily - the glue spall theory and the cryogenic suction theory. The glue spall theory attributes the surface scaling to the interaction of an external ice layer with the concrete surface. Only when moderate amounts of deicing salt are present in the test solution the resulting mechanical properties of the ice can cause scaling. However, the results in this thesis indicate that severe scaling also occurs at deicing salt levels, at which the ice is much too soft to damage concrete. Thus, the inability of the glue spall theory to account for all aspects of salt frost scaling was shown. The cryogenic suction theory is based on the eutectic behavior of salt solutions, which consist of two phases - water ice and liquid brine - between the freezing point and the eutectic temperature. The liquid brine acts as an additional moisture reservoir, which facilitates the growth of ice lenses in the surface layer of the concrete. The experiments in this thesis confirmed, that the ice formation in hardened cement paste increases due to the suction of brine at sub-zero temperatures. The extent of additional ice formation was influenced mainly by the porosity and by the chloride binding capacity of the hardened cement paste. Consequently, the cryogenic suction theory plausibly describes the actual generation of scaling, but it has to be expanded by some crucial aspects to represent the salt frost scaling attack completely. The most important aspect is the intensive saturation process, which is ascribed to the so-called micro ice lens pump. Therefore a combined damage theory was proposed, which considers multiple saturation processes. Important aspects of this combined theory were confirmed experimentally. As a result, the combined damage theory constitutes a good basis to understand the salt frost scaling attack on concrete on a fundamental level. Furthermore, a new approach was identified, to account for the reduced salt frost scaling resistance of concretes with reduced clinker content.}, subject = {Beton}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-6372, title = {Programm gemeinn{\"u}tzige Liegenschaften. Strategie zur F{\"o}rderung der {\"o}ffentlich-zivilgesellschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit}, organization = {Stadt Barcelona / Referat B{\"u}rger*innenrechte und Partizipation}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.6372}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230523-63724}, pages = {23}, abstract = {St{\"a}dten kam bei demokratischen Innovationsprozessen immer eine zentrale Rolle zu. Die {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltungen der großen St{\"a}dte stellten Regeln f{\"u}r die Einf{\"u}hrung und Ausweitung der b{\"u}rgerschaftlichen Partizipation auf und reagierten damit auf Erfahrungen und Forderungen, die von der sch{\"o}pferischen politischen Kraft der sozialen und urbanen Bewegungen getragen wurden. Die Geschichte Barcelonas ist daf{\"u}r ein typisches Beispiel. Dank dieser sozialen Errungenschaften k{\"o}nnen wir von einer Reihe von G{\"u}tern und Dienstleistungen profitieren, die lokale Wohlfahrtssysteme ausmachen. Die Stadtverwal-tungen {\"u}bernehmen die Aufgabe, Ressourcen und Dienstleistungen bereitzustellen, die nicht nur mit Wohlfahrt und Gesundheit in Verbindung stehen, sondern auch mit der Sorge um Umfeld und Umwelt, mit der F{\"o}rderung von Maßnahmen in Bereichen wie Bildung, Kultur, Kunst oder Sport sowie mit der Dynamisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Ob zust{\"a}ndig oder nicht, die Kommunen m{\"u}ssen auf die Forderungen der B{\"u}rger*innen reagieren, sind sie doch die Verwaltungen, die den allt{\"a}glichen Problemen und Bed{\"u}rfnissen am n{\"a}chsten stehen. Daher liegt es weniger im Belieben der Stadtverwaltungen, ob sie notwendige Innova¬tionen anstoßen, sondern diese sind vielmehr Teil ihres Aufgabenbereichs. Um den Bed{\"u}rfnissen der B{\"u}rger*innen seitens der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung gerecht zu werden, kam in den meisten F{\"a}llen eine von zwei Methoden zur Anwendung: die direkte Verwaltung durch die Beh{\"o}rden oder die indirekte Verwaltung mit dem privaten Sektor. Mit dem Anbruch einer neuen Zeit, in der alternative Methoden an Bedeutung gewonnen haben, w{\"a}chst das Interesse an Modellen {\"o}ffentlich-zivilgesellschaftlicher Zusammenarbeit. Hauptziel dieser Modelle ist es, Verwaltungen und B{\"u}rgerschaft eine Zusammenarbeit im gemeinsamen und allgemeinen Interesse zu erm{\"o}glichen, indem Projekte unterst{\"u}tzt werden, die Zugang, N{\"a}he und Partizipation in sich vereinen. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet die Verwaltung {\"o}ffent¬licher Ressourcen M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Entwicklung neuer Formen kollektiver Intelligenz, mit ge¬meinsamer Verantwortung und Synergie zwischen Institution und B{\"u}rgerschaft, sodass die St{\"a}dte zu wahrhaft kooperativen Plattformen f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliche Innovationen werden.}, subject = {Gemeinwohl}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Moosbrugger, author = {Moosbrugger, Jennifer}, title = {Design Intelligence - Human-Centered-Design for the development of industrial AI/ML agents}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.6409}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230719-64098}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {201}, abstract = {This study deals with design for AI/ML systems, more precisely in the industrial AI context based on case studies from the factory automation field. It therefore touches on core concepts from Human-Centered-Design (HCD), User Experience (UX) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) on one hand, as well as concepts from Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and the impact of technology on the other. The case studies the research is based on are within the industrial AI domain. However, the final outcomes, the findings, solutions, artifacts and so forth, should be transferable to a wider spectrum of domains. The study's aim is to examine the role of designers in the age of AI and the factors which are relevant, based on the hypothesis that current AI/ML development lacks the human perspective, which means that there are pitfalls and challenges that design can help resolve. The initial literature review revealed that AI/ML are perceived as a new design material that calls for a new design paradigm. Additional research based on qualitative case study research was conducted to gain an overview of the relevant issues and challenges. From this, 17 themes emerged, which together with explorative expert interviews and a structured literature review, were further analyzed to produce the relevant HCD, UX and HCI themes. It became clear that designers need new processes, methods, and tools in the age of AI/ML in combination with not only design, but also data science and business expertise, which is why the proposed solution in this PhD features process modules for design, data science and business collaboration. There are seven process modules and their related activities and dependencies that serve as guidelines for practitioners who want to design intelligence. A unified framework for collecting use case exemplars was created, based on a workshop with different practitioners and researchers from the area of AI/ML to support and enrich the process modules with concrete projects examples.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Legatiuk, author = {Legatiuk, Anastasiia}, title = {Discrete potential and function theories on a rectangular lattice and their applications}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4865}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221220-48654}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {The growing complexity of modern engineering problems necessitates development of advanced numerical methods. In particular, methods working directly with discrete structures, and thus, representing exactly some important properties of the solution on a lattice and not just approximating the continuous properties, become more and more popular nowadays. Among others, discrete potential theory and discrete function theory provide a variety of methods, which are discrete counterparts of the classical continuous methods for solving boundary value problems. A lot of results related to the discrete potential and function theories have been presented in recent years. However, these results are related to the discrete theories constructed on square lattices, and, thus, limiting their practical applicability and potentially leading to higher computational costs while discretising realistic domains. This thesis presents an extension of the discrete potential theory and discrete function theory to rectangular lattices. As usual in the discrete theories, construction of discrete operators is strongly influenced by a definition of discrete geometric setting. For providing consistent constructions throughout the whole thesis, a detailed discussion on the discrete geometric setting is presented in the beginning. After that, the discrete fundamental solution of the discrete Laplace operator on a rectangular lattice, which is the core of the discrete potential theory, its numerical analysis, and practical calculations are presented. By using the discrete fundamental solution of the discrete Laplace operator on a rectangular lattice, the discrete potential theory is then constructed for interior and exterior settings. Several discrete interior and exterior boundary value problems are then solved. Moreover, discrete transmission problems are introduced and several numerical examples of these problems are discussed. Finally, a discrete fundamental solution of the discrete Cauchy-Riemann operator on a rectangular lattice is constructed, and basics of the discrete function theory on a rectangular lattice are provided. This work indicates that the discrete theories provide solution methods with very good numerical properties to tackle various boundary value problems, as well as transmission problems coupling interior and exterior problems. The results presented in this thesis provide a basis for further development of discrete theories on irregular lattices.}, subject = {Diskrete Funktionentheorie}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tatarin, author = {Tatarin, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Charakterisieren struktureller Ver{\"a}nderungen in zementgebundenen Baustoffen durch akustische zerst{\"o}rungsfreie Pr{\"u}fverfahren}, publisher = {Cuvillier Verlag}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-7369-7575-0}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4592}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220215-45920}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {293}, abstract = {Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das Charakterisieren struktureller Ver{\"a}nderungen zementgebundener Baustoffe durch zwei auf dem Ultraschall-Transmissionsverfahren beruhenden Methoden der zerst{\"o}rungsfreien Pr{\"u}fung (ZfP) mit mechanischen Wellen vorgenommen. Zur kontinuierlichen Charakterisierung der Erstarrung und Erh{\"a}rtung frischer zementgebundener Systeme wird ein auf Ultraschallsensoren f{\"u}r Longitudinal- und Scherwellen basierendes Messsystem in Kombination mit zugeh{\"o}rigen Verfahrensweisen zur Datenauswertung konzipiert, charakterisiert und angewandt. Gegen{\"u}ber der bislang {\"u}blichen alleinigen Bewertung der Verfestigung anhand indirekter Ultraschallparameter wie Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit, Signalenergie oder Frequenzgehalt der Longitudinalwelle l{\"a}sst sich damit eine direkte, sensible Erfassung der sich w{\"a}hrend der Strukturbildung entwickelnden dynamischen elastischen Eigenschaften auf der Basis prim{\"a}rer physikalischer Werkstoffparameter erreichen. Insbesondere Scherwellen und der dynamische Schubmodul sind geeignet, den graduellen {\"U}bergang zum Festk{\"o}rper mit {\"U}berschreiten der Perkolationsschwelle sensibel und unabh{\"a}ngig vom Luftgehalt zu erfassen. Die zeitliche Entwicklung der dynamischen elastischen Eigenschaften, die Strukturbildungsraten sowie die daraus extrahierten diskreten Ergebnisparameter erm{\"o}glichen eine vergleichende quantitative Charakterisierung der Strukturbildung zementgebundener Baustoffe aus mechanischer Sicht. Dabei lassen sich typische, oft unvermeidbare Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Versuchsmischungen ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Der Einsatz laserbasierter Methoden zur Anregung und Erfassung von mechanischen Wellen und deren Kombination zu Laser-Ultraschall zielt darauf ab, die mit der Anwendung des konventionellen Ultraschall-Transmissionsverfahrens verbundenen Nachteile zu eliminieren. Diese resultieren aus der Sensorgeometrie, der mechanischen Ankopplung und bei einer Vielzahl von Oberfl{\"a}chenpunkten aus einem hohen pr{\"u}ftechnischen Aufwand. Die laserbasierte, interferometrische Erfassung mechanischer Wellen ist gegen{\"u}ber Ultraschallsensoren rauschbehaftet und vergleichsweise unsensibel. Als wesentliche Voraussetzung der scannenden Anwendung von Laser-Ultraschall auf zementgebundene Baustoffe erfolgen systematische experimentelle Untersuchungen zur laserinduzierten ablativen Anregung. Diese sollen zum Verst{\"a}ndnis des Anregungsmechanismus unmittelbar auf den Oberfl{\"a}chen von zementgebundenen Baustoffen, Gesteinsk{\"o}rnungen und metallischen Werkstoffen beitragen, relevante Einflussfaktoren aus den charakteristischen Materialeigenschaften identifizieren, geeignete Prozessparameter gewinnen und die Verfahrensgrenzen aufzeigen. Unter Einsatz von Longitudinalwellen erfolgt die Anwendung von Laser-Ultraschall zur zeit- und ortsaufgel{\"o}sten Charakterisierung der Strukturbildung und Homogenit{\"a}t frischer sowie erh{\"a}rteter Proben zementgebundener Baustoffe. W{\"a}hrend der Strukturbildung wird erstmals eine simultane ber{\"u}hrungslose Erfassung von Longitudinal- und Scherwellen vorgenommen. Unter Anwendung von tomographischen Methoden (2D-Laufzeit¬tomo¬graphie) werden {\"u}berlagerungsfreie Informationen zur r{\"a}umlichen Verteilung struktureller Gef{\"u}gever{\"a}nderungen anhand der longitudinalen Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. des relativen dynamischen Elastizit{\"a}tsmoduls innerhalb von virtuellen Schnittebenen gesch{\"a}digter Probek{\"o}rper gewonnen. Als beton-sch{\"a}digende Mechanismen werden exemplarisch der kombinierte Frost-Tausalz-Angriff sowie die Alkali-Kiesels{\"a}ure-Reaktion (AKR) herangezogen. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten Verfahren der zerst{\"o}rungsfreien Pr{\"u}fung bieten erweiterte M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Charakterisierung zementgebundener Baustoffe und deren strukturellen Ver{\"a}nderungen und lassen sich zielgerichtet in der Werkstoffentwicklung, bei der Qualit{\"a}tssicherung sowie zur Analyse von Schadensprozessen und -ursachen einsetzen.}, subject = {Beton}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, Veronika}, title = {Methoden zur Quantifizierung und Optimierung der Robustheit von Bauablaufpl{\"a}nen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4579}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220204-45798}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Bauablaufpl{\"a}nen kommt bei der Realisierung von Bauprojekten eine zentrale Rolle zu. Sie dienen der Koordination von Schnittstellen und bilden f{\"u}r die am Projekt Beteiligten die Grundlage f{\"u}r ihre individuelle Planung. Eine verl{\"a}ssliche Terminplanung ist daher von großer Bedeutung, tats{\"a}chlich sind aber gerade Bauablaufpl{\"a}ne f{\"u}r ihre Unzuverl{\"a}ssigkeit bekannt. Aufgrund der langen Vorlaufzeiten bei der Planung von Bauprojekten sind zum Zeitpunkt der Planung viele Informationen nur als Sch{\"a}tzwerte bekannt. Auf der Grundlage dieser gesch{\"a}tzten und damit mit Unsicherheiten behafteten Daten werden im Bauwesen deterministische Terminpl{\"a}ne erstellt. Kommt es w{\"a}hrend der Realisierung zu Diskrepanzen zwischen Sch{\"a}tzungen und Realit{\"a}t, erfordert dies die Anpassung der Pl{\"a}ne. Aufgrund zahlreicher Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten zwischen den geplanten Aktivit{\"a}ten k{\"o}nnen einzelne Plan{\"a}nderungen vielf{\"a}ltige weitere {\"A}nderungen und Anpassungen nach sich ziehen und damit einen reibungslosen Projektablauf gef{\"a}hrden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Vorgehen entwickelt, welches Bauablaufpl{\"a}ne erzeugt, die im Rahmen der durch das Projekt definierten Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten und Randbedingungen in der Lage sind, {\"A}nderungen m{\"o}glichst gut zu absorbieren. Solche Pl{\"a}ne, die bei auftretenden {\"A}nderungen vergleichsweise geringe Anpassungen des Terminplans erfordern, werden hier als robust bezeichnet. Ausgehend von Verfahren der Projektplanung und Methoden zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Unsicherheiten werden deterministische Terminpl{\"a}ne bez{\"u}glich ihres Verhaltens bei eintretenden {\"A}nderungen betrachtet. Hierf{\"u}r werden zun{\"a}chst m{\"o}gliche Unsicherheiten als Ursachen f{\"u}r {\"A}nderungen benannt und mathematisch abgebildet. Damit kann das Verhalten von Abl{\"a}ufen f{\"u}r m{\"o}gliche {\"A}nderungen betrachtet werden, indem die durch {\"A}nderungen erzwungenen angepassten Terminpl{\"a}ne simuliert werden. F{\"u}r diese Monte-Carlo-Simulationen der angepassten Terminpl{\"a}ne wird sichergestellt, dass die angepassten Terminpl{\"a}ne logische Weiterentwicklungen des deterministischen Terminplans darstellen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Untersuchungen wird ein stochastisches Maß zur Quantifizierung der Robustheit erarbeitet, welches die F{\"a}higkeit eines Planes, {\"A}nderungen zu absorbieren, beschreibt. Damit ist es m{\"o}glich, Terminpl{\"a}ne bez{\"u}glich ihrer Robustheit zu vergleichen. Das entwickelte Verfahren zur Quantifizierung der Robustheit wird in einem Optimierungsverfahren auf Basis Genetischer Algorithmen angewendet, um gezielt robuste Terminpl{\"a}ne zu erzeugen. An Beispielen werden die Methoden demonstriert und ihre Wirksamkeit nachgewiesen.}, subject = {Bauablaufplanung}, language = {de} } @periodical{BognerGourinovitchBaetal., author = {Bogner, Simone and Gourinovitch, Oxana and Ba, Claudia and Kibel, Jochen and Stapel, G{\"u}l{\c{s}}ah and Krajewsky, Georg and Fr{\"o}lich-Kulik, Maria and Masoud, Zoya and W{\"a}chter, Konstantin and H{\"a}ger, Benjamin and H{\"o}hne, Wolfram and Alberti, Sarah and Tr{\"o}tschel-Daniels, Bianka and Helas, Luise and Selitz, Lisa Marie and Torreiter, Laura}, title = {Instabile Konstruktionen. Interdisziplin{\"a}re Forschungen zu »Identit{\"a}t und Erbe«}, editor = {Bogner, Simone and Dolff-Bonek{\"a}mper, Gabi and Meier, Hans-Rudolf}, publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}tsverlag}, address = {Ilmtal-Weinstraße}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4606}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220315-46066}, pages = {264}, abstract = {Wer von Erbe im Zusammenhang mit Identit{\"a}t spricht, verspricht sich und Anderen »Kontinuit{\"a}t« und »Stabilit{\"a}t«. Das Versprechen h{\"a}lt indes nur so lange, wie sich Menschen auf die damit verbundenen Erz{\"a}hlungen einlassen. Da diese zunehmend hinterfragt werden und der Begriff »Identit{\"a}t« im politischen Raum zu einer umk{\"a}mpften Kategorie avanciert ist, werden auch die lange gehegten, gewohnten »Konstruktionen« instabil. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere in Momenten des Konflikts, der {\"u}bergriffigen Inanspruchnahme und des Verlusts. Der Titel »Instabile Konstruktionen« verweist zugleich auf die beiden Kernbereiche des Kollegs: einerseits auf Architektur und Denkmalpflege, in denen der Begriff Konstruktion sich auf bauliche Manifestationen bezieht, von denen eine gewisse Haltbarkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit erwartet wird und andererseits auf die Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften, wo Konstruktion die soziale Herstellung symbolischer Sinnwelten meint. Ins Zentrum r{\"u}ckt so der Anspruch, die materielle Umwelt im Wechselverh{\"a}ltnis zu ihrer sozialen Gemachtheit zu verstehen.}, subject = {Identit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @article{Morawski, author = {Morawski, Tommaso}, title = {La tavola e la mappa. Paradigmi per una metaforologia mediale dell'immaginazione cartografica in Kant}, series = {Philosophy Kitchen}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Philosophy Kitchen}, number = {17, II/2022}, publisher = {Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Torino}, address = {Turino}, doi = {10.13135/2385-1945/7191}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230124-48766}, pages = {137 -- 152}, abstract = {Immanuel Kant's thought is a central historical and theoretical reference in Hans Blumenberg's metaphorological project. This is demonstrated by the fact that in the Paradigms the author outlines the concept of absolute metaphor by explicitly referring to \S59 of the Critique of the Power of Judgment and recognizing in the Kantian symbol a model for his own metaphorics. However, Kant's name also appears in the chapter on the metaphor of the "terra incognita" that not only did he theorize the presence of symbolic hypotyposis in our language [...] but also made extensive use of metaphors linked to "determinate historical experiences". In particular: geographical metaphors. In my essay, I would like to start from the analysis of Kant's geographical metaphors in order to try to rethink Blumenberg's archaeological method as an archaeology of media that grounds the study of metaphors in the materiality of communication and the combination of tools, agents and media.}, subject = {Kant, Immanuel}, language = {it} } @inproceedings{HartmannAlsaadVoelker, author = {Hartmann, Maria and Alsaad, Hayder and V{\"o}lker, Conrad}, title = {Das Potential von Fassadenbegr{\"u}nungen zur Verringerung des W{\"a}rmeinseleffekts: Simulation eines Beispielquartiers}, series = {Bauphysiktage Kaiserslautern 2022}, booktitle = {Bauphysiktage Kaiserslautern 2022}, address = {Kaiserslautern}, isbn = {978-3-95974-176-7}, issn = {2363-8206}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4667}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220713-46676}, pages = {147-149}, abstract = {Die Auswirkungen einer Fassadenbegr{\"u}nung auf den W{\"a}rmeinseleffekt in Stuttgart wurde f{\"u}r eine Hitzeperiode numerisch simuliert und bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten positive Auswirkungen innerhalb des Simulationsgebiets sowie eine geringe Fernwirkung auf benachbarte Stadtquartiere. Diese {\"A}nderungen k{\"o}nnen zur Verbesserung des thermischen Komforts im Außenraum beitragen. Eine reduzierte Temperatur der Außenoberfl{\"a}che f{\"u}hrt dar{\"u}ber hinaus auch zu einer geringeren Oberfl{\"a}chentemperatur der Wandinnenseite, welche die Innenraumtemperatur beeinflusst. Folglich kann die thermische Behaglichkeit auch im Innenraum erh{\"o}ht werden.}, subject = {Mikroklima}, language = {de} } @periodical{BognerKarpfWilleretal., author = {Bogner, Simone and Karpf, Michael and Willer, Stefan and Aquilar, Giorgia and Springer, J{\"o}rg and Euler-Rolle, Bernd and Sikiaridi, Elizabeth and Vogelaar, Frans and von Beckerath, Verena and Klei, Alexandra and Raheem, Oluwafunminiyi and Grundig, Ronny and Sezer, {\"O}zge and Kutkina, Anna and Manka, Inge and Hettchen, Karolina and J{\"u}ttner, Monique and Blunk, Julian}, title = {Praktiken des Erbens. Metaphern, Materialisierungen, Machtkonstellationen}, editor = {Bogner, Simone and Karpf, Michael and Meier, Hans-Rudolf}, publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}tsverlag}, address = {Weinstraße-Ilmtal}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4702}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220810-47025}, abstract = {Ausgehend von der Bemerkung des Philosophen Jacques Derrida, dass Erbe immer auch eine Aufgabe sei, widmet sich der dritte Band der Schriftenreihe des Graduiertenkollegs „Identit{\"a}t und Erbe" den sozialen und kulturellen Praktiken der Bezugnahme auf Vergangenheit(en) und Identit{\"a}t(en). Mit einem (kulturellen) Erbe soll und muss etwas getan werden, um es {\"u}berhaupt hervorzubringen. Es konstituiert sich erst im Akt des (Nicht-)Erbens, das heißt im Wechselverh{\"a}ltnis mit den mit und an ihm ausgef{\"u}hrten Praktiken. Gleichwohl erm{\"o}glicht erst deren Verbindung mit den materiellen {\"U}berresten und {\"U}berlieferungen des Erbes eine Aneignung oder Ablehnung der Vergangenheit sowie die Fort- und Umschreibung eines bereits bestehenden Erbes. Diese Vorg{\"a}nge sind nicht willk{\"u}rlicher Natur: Die M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Interpretation und Deutung werden durch die sozialen, politischen, kulturellen, {\"o}konomischen und technischen Bedingungen der Gegenwart sowie durch die Geschichte und Materialit{\"a}t des Erbes beschr{\"a}nkt, erweitert und gelenkt. Erbe und Erbeprozesse m{\"u}ssen deshalb notwendigerweise miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Mit Beitr{\"a}gen von Simone Bogner und Michael Karpf, Stefan Willer, Giorgia Aquilar, J{\"o}rg Springer, Bernd Euler-Rolle, Elizabeth Sikiaridi und Frans Vogelaar, Verena von Beckerath, Alexandra Klei, Oluwafunminiyi Raheem, Ronny Grundig, {\"O}zge Sezer, Anna Kutkina, Inge Manka, Karolina Hettchen und Monique J{\"u}ttner sowie Julian Blunk.}, subject = {Kulturerbe}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GeskeBenzVoelker, author = {Geske, Mara and Benz, Alexander and V{\"o}lker, Conrad}, title = {Anwendung georeferenzierter Bilddaten bei energetischen Quartiersanalysen}, series = {Tagungsband Bauphysiktage Kaiserslautern 2022}, booktitle = {Tagungsband Bauphysiktage Kaiserslautern 2022}, editor = {Kornadt, Oliver and Carrigan, Svenja and Hofmann, Markus and V{\"o}lker, Conrad}, publisher = {Eigenverlag der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Kaiserslautern}, address = {Kaiserslautern}, isbn = {987-3-95974-176-7}, issn = {2363-8206}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4654}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220617-46544}, pages = {127-129}, abstract = {Bei Analysen des Geb{\"a}udebestands im Quartierskontext werden zu Dokumentationszwecken viele Bilddaten erzeugt. Diese Daten sind im Nachhinein h{\"a}ufig keinen eindeutig genauen Standorten und Blickwinkeln auf das Bauwerk zuzuordnen. Insbesondere gilt dies f{\"u}r Ortsunkundige oder f{\"u}r Detailaufnahmen. Eine zus{\"a}tzliche Herausforderung stellt die Aufnahme von W{\"a}rmebr{\"u}cken- oder andersartigen Geb{\"a}udedetails durch Thermogramme dar. In der Praxis kommen hier oftmals analoge, fehleranf{\"a}llige L{\"o}sungen zum Einsatz. Durch die Nutzung von Georeferenzierung kann diese L{\"u}cke geschlossen und eine eindeutige Kommunikation und Auswertung gew{\"a}hrleistet werden. Im Gegensatz zu den {\"u}blichen Kameras sind Smartphones nach Stand der Technik ausreichend ausgestattet, um neben Daten zu Standort auch die Orientierungswinkel einer Bildaufnahme zu dokumentieren. Die georefenzierten Bilder k{\"o}nnen auf Grundlage der in den sogenannten Exif-Daten mitgeschriebenen Informationen h{\"a}ndisch in ein bestehendes Quartiersmodell integriert werden. Anhand eines universit{\"a}ren Musterquartiers wird die nutzerfreundliche Realisierung beispielhaft erprobt und auf ihre Potentiale zur Automatisierung in Python untersucht. Hierf{\"u}r wurde ein bestehendes Quartiersmodell als geometrische Grundlage genutzt und um RGB-Bilder sowie Thermogramme erweitert. Das beschriebene Vorgehen wird im Rahmen der Anwendung auf seinen m{\"o}glichen Einsatz im Rahmen einer energetischen Quartierserfassung sowie einer Bauschadensdokumentation untersucht. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird dem Nutzenden ein Werkzeug bereitgestellt, das die hochwertige Dokumentation einer Bestandserfassung, auch im Quartierskontext, erm{\"o}glicht.}, subject = {Quartiersanalyse}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{OrtizAlvis, author = {Ortiz Alvis, Alfredo}, title = {Urban Agoraphobia: The pursuit of security within confined community ties. Urban-ethnographic analysis on gated housing developments of Guadalajara, Mexico.}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4723}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221005-47234}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {436}, abstract = {The Gated Community (GC) phenomenon in Latin American cities has become an inherent element of their urban development, despite academical debate, their approach thrives within the housing market; not surprisingly, as some of the premises on which GCs are based, namely safety, control and supervision intersperse seamlessly with the insecure conditions of the contexts from which they arise. The current security crisis in Mexico, triggered in 2006 by the so-called war on drugs, has reached its peak with the highest insecurity rates in decades, representing a unique chance to study these interactions. Although the leading term of this research, Urban Agoraphobia, implies a causal dichotomy between the rise in the sense of fear amongst citizens and housing confinement as lineal consequence, I acknowledge that GCs represent a complex phenomenon, a hub of diverse factors and multidimensional processes held on four fundamental levels: global, social, individual and state-related. The focus of this dissertation is set on the individual plane and contributes, from the analysis of the GC's resident's perspective, experiences and perceptions, to a debate that has usually been limited to the scrutiny of other drivers, disregarding the role of dweller's underlying fears, motivations and concerns. Assuming that the current ruling security model in Mexico tends to empower its commodification rather than its collective quality, this research draws upon the use of a methodological triangulation, along conceptual and contextual analyses, to test the hypothesis that insecurity plays an increasingly major role, leading citizens into the belief that acquiring a household in a controlled and surveilled community represents a counterweight against the feared environment of the open city. The focus of the analysis lies on the internal hatch of community ties as potential palliative for the provision of a sense of security, aiming to transcend the unidimensional discourse of GCs as defined mainly by their defensive apparatus. Residents' perspectives acquired through ethnographical analyses may provide the chance to gain an essential view into a phenomenon that further consolidates without a critical study of its actual implications, not only for Mexican cities, but also for the Latin American and global contexts.}, subject = {Agoraphobie}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Liu, author = {Liu, Bokai}, title = {Stochastic multiscale modeling of polymeric nanocomposites using Data-driven techniques}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4637}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220503-46379}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {134}, abstract = {In recent years, lightweight materials, such as polymer composite materials (PNCs) have been studied and developed due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. Structures composed of these composite materials are widely used in aerospace engineering structures, automotive components, and electrical devices. The excellent and outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of Carbon nanotube (CNT) make it an ideal filler to strengthen polymer materials' comparable properties. The heat transfer of composite materials has very promising engineering applications in many fields, especially in electronic devices and energy storage equipment. It is essential in high-energy density systems since electronic components need heat dissipation functionality. Or in other words, in electronic devices the generated heat should ideally be dissipated by light and small heat sinks. Polymeric composites consist of fillers embedded in a polymer matrix, the first ones will significantly affect the overall (macroscopic) performance of the material. There are many common carbon-based fillers such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), carbon nanobuds (CNB), fullerene, and graphene. Additives inside the matrix have become a popular subject for researchers. Some extraordinary characters, such as high-performance load, lightweight design, excellent chemical resistance, easy processing, and heat transfer, make the design of polymeric nanotube composites (PNCs) flexible. Due to the reinforcing effects with different fillers on composite materials, it has a higher degree of freedom and can be designed for the structure according to specific applications' needs. As already stated, our research focus will be on SWCNT enhanced PNCs. Since experiments are timeconsuming, sometimes expensive and cannot shed light into phenomena taking place for instance at the interfaces/interphases of composites, they are often complemented through theoretical and computational analysis. While most studies are based on deterministic approaches, there is a comparatively lower number of stochastic methods accounting for uncertainties in the input parameters. In deterministic models, the output of the model is fully determined by the parameter values and the initial conditions. However, uncertainties in the input parameters such as aspect ratio, volume fraction, thermal properties of fiber and matrix need to be taken into account for reliable predictions. In this research, a stochastic multiscale method is provided to study the influence of numerous uncertain input parameters on the thermal conductivity of the composite. Therefore, a hierarchical multi-scale method based on computational homogenization is presented in to predict the macroscopic thermal conductivity based on the fine-scale structure. In order to study the inner mechanism, we use the finite element method and employ surrogate models to conduct a Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA). The SA is performed in order to quantify the influence of the conductivity of the fiber, matrix, Kapitza resistance, volume fraction and aspect ratio on the macroscopic conductivity. Therefore, we compute first-order and total-effect sensitivity indices with different surrogate models. As stochastic multiscale models are computational expensive, surrogate approaches are commonly exploited. With the emergence of high performance computing and artificial intelligence, machine learning has become a popular modeling tool for numerous applications. Machine learning (ML) is commonly used in regression and maps data through specific rules with algorithms to build input and output models. They are particularly useful for nonlinear input-output relationships when sufficient data is available. ML has also been used in the design of new materials and multiscale analysis. For instance, Artificial neural networks and integrated learning seem to be ideally for such a task. They can theoretically simulate any non-linear relationship through the connection of neurons. Mapping relationships are employed to carry out data-driven simulations of inputs and outputs in stochastic modeling. This research aims to develop a stochastic multi-scale computational models of PNCs in heat transfer. Multi-scale stochastic modeling with uncertainty analysis and machine learning methods consist of the following components: -Uncertainty Analysis. A surrogate based global sensitivity analysis is coupled with a hierarchical multi-scale method employing computational homogenization. The effect of the conductivity of the fibers and the matrix, the Kapitza resistance, volume fraction and aspect ratio on the 'macroscopic' conductivity of the composite is systematically studied. All selected surrogate models yield consistently the conclusions that the most influential input parameters are the aspect ratio followed by the volume fraction. The Kapitza Resistance has no significant effect on the thermal conductivity of the PNCs. The most accurate surrogate model in terms of the R2 value is the moving least square (MLS). -Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms. A combination of artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to estimate the relationship between variable input and output parameters. The ANN is used for modeling the composite while PSO improves the prediction performance through an optimized global minimum search. The thermal conductivity of the fibers and the matrix, the kapitza resistance, volume fraction and aspect ratio are selected as input parameters. The output is the macroscopic (homogenized) thermal conductivity of the composite. The results show that the PSO significantly improves the predictive ability of this hybrid intelligent algorithm, which outperforms traditional neural networks. -Stochastic Integrated Machine Learning. A stochastic integrated machine learning based multiscale approach for the prediction of the macroscopic thermal conductivity in PNCs is developed. Seven types of machine learning models are exploited in this research, namely Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Regression Tree (RT), Bagging Tree (Bag), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) and Cubist. They are used as components of stochastic modeling to construct the relationship between the variable of the inputs' uncertainty and the macroscopic thermal conductivity of PNCs. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used for hyper-parameter tuning to find the global optimal values leading to a significant reduction in the computational cost. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are also analyzed in terms of computing time and model complexity to finally give a recommendation for the applicability of different models.}, subject = {Polymere}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Habtemariam, author = {Habtemariam, Abinet Kifle}, title = {Generalized Beam Theory for the analysis of thin-walled circular pipe members}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4572}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220127-45723}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {188}, abstract = {The detailed structural analysis of thin-walled circular pipe members often requires the use of a shell or solid-based finite element method. Although these methods provide a very good approximation of the deformations, they require a higher degree of discretization which causes high computational costs. On the other hand, the analysis of thin-walled circular pipe members based on classical beam theories is easy to implement and needs much less computation time, however, they are limited in their ability to approximate the deformations as they cannot consider the deformation of the cross-section. This dissertation focuses on the study of the Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) which is both accurate and efficient in analyzing thin-walled members. This theory is based on the separation of variables in which the displacement field is expressed as a combination of predetermined deformation modes related to the cross-section, and unknown amplitude functions defined on the beam's longitudinal axis. Although the GBT was initially developed for long straight members, through the consideration of complementary deformation modes, which amend the null transverse and shear membrane strain assumptions of the classical GBT, problems involving short members, pipe bends, and geometrical nonlinearity can also be analyzed using GBT. In this dissertation, the GBT formulation for the analysis of these problems is developed and the application and capabilities of the method are illustrated using several numerical examples. Furthermore, the displacement and stress field results of these examples are verified using an equivalent refined shell-based finite element model. The developed static and dynamic GBT formulations for curved thin-walled circular pipes are based on the linear kinematic description of the curved shell theory. In these formulations, the complex problem in pipe bends due to the strong coupling effect of the longitudinal bending, warping and the cross-sectional ovalization is handled precisely through the derivation of the coupling tensors between the considered GBT deformation modes. Similarly, the geometrically nonlinear GBT analysis is formulated for thin-walled circular pipes based on the nonlinear membrane kinematic equations. Here, the initial linear and quadratic stress and displacement tangent stiffness matrices are built using the third and fourth-order GBT deformation mode coupling tensors. Longitudinally, the formulation of the coupled GBT element stiffness and mass matrices are presented using a beam-based finite element formulation. Furthermore, the formulated GBT elements are tested for shear and membrane locking problems and the limitations of the formulations regarding the membrane locking problem are discussed.}, subject = {Finite-Elemente-Methode}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Held, author = {Held, Tobias}, title = {Einblick: Gestalterische Potentiale und Perspektiven der Videotelefonie im Kontext von N{\"a}he und Distanz. Eine praxis-basierte, (re-)kontextualisierende und diskursanalytische Studie.}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4886}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230111-48867}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {534}, abstract = {Inhaltlich besch{\"a}ftigt sich die Arbeit, die im Rahmen des Promotionsstudiengangs Kunst und Gestaltung an der Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t entstand, mit der Erforschung sozio-interaktiver Potentiale der Videotelefonie im Kontext von N{\"a}he und Verbundenheit mit Fokus auf Eigenbild, Embodiment sowie den Rederechtswechsel. Die Videotelefonie als Kommunikationsform hat sich - und darauf deuten die Erfahrungen der Co- vid-19-Pandemie hin - im lebensweltlichen Alltag der Menschen etabliert und wird dort in naher Zukunft nicht mehr wegzudenken sein. Auf Basis ihrer M{\"o}glichkeiten und Errungenschaften ist es inzwischen Realit{\"a}t und Lebenswirklichkeit, dass die Kommunikation sowohl im privaten als auch im gesch{\"a}ftlichen Kontext mittels verschiedenster Kan{\"a}le stattfindet. Der Videotelefonie kommt hierbei als solche nicht nur eine tragende Funktion, sondern auch eine herausragende Rolle bei der vermeintlichen Reproduktion der Face-to-Face-Kommunikation im digitalen Raum zu und wird wie selbstverst{\"a}ndlich zum zwischenmenschlichen Austausch genutzt. Just an diesem Punkt kn{\"u}pft die Forschungsarbeit an. Zentral stand dabei das Vorhaben einer dezidierte Untersuchung des Forschungsgegenstandes Videotelefonie, sowohl aus Kultur- als auch Technikhistorischer, aber auch Medien-, Wahrnehmungs- wie Kommunikations- theoretischer Perspektive, indem analytische und ph{\"a}nosemiotische Perspektiven miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt werden (z.B. Wahrnehmungsbedingungen, Interaktionsmerkmale, realisierte Kommunikationsprozesse etc.). Damit verbundenes, w{\"u}nschenswertes Ziel war es, eine m{\"o}glichst zeitgem{\"a}ße wie relevante Forschungsfrage zu adressieren, die neben den kulturellen Technisierungs- und Mediatisierungstendenzen in institutionellen und privaten Milieus ebenfalls eine conditio sine qua non der pandemischen (Massen-)Kommunikation entwirft. Die Arbeit ist damit vor allem im Bereich des Produkt- und Interactiondesigns zu verorten. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus hatte sie das Ziel der Darlegung und Begr{\"u}ndung der Videotelefonie als eigenst{\"a}ndige Kommunikationsform, welche durch eigene, kommunikative Besonderheiten, die sich in ihrer jeweiligen Ingebrauchnahme sowie durch spezielle Wahrnehmungsbedingungen {\"a}ußern, und die die Videotelefonie als »Rederechtswechselmedium« avant la lettre konsolidieren, gekennzeichnet ist. Dabei sollte der Beweis erbracht werden, dass die Videotelefonie nicht als Schwundstufe einer Kommunikation Face-to-Face, sondern als ein eigenst{\"a}ndiges Mediatisierungs- und Kommunikationsereignis zu verstehen sei. Und eben nicht als eine beliebige - sich linear vom Telefon ausgehende - entwickelte Form der audio-visuellen Fernkommunikation darstellt, sondern die gestalterische (Bewegtbild-)Technizit{\"a}t ein eigenst{\"a}ndiges Funktionsmaß offeriert, welches wiederum ein innovatives Kommunikationsmilieu im Kontext einer Rederechtswechsel-Medialit{\"a}t stabilisiert.}, subject = {Videotelefonie}, language = {de} } @article{KraazKoopWunschetal., author = {Kraaz, Luise and Koop, Maria and Wunsch, Maximilian and Plank-Wiedenbeck, Uwe}, title = {The Scaling Potential of Experimental Knowledge in the Case of the Bauhaus.MobilityLab, Erfurt (Germany)}, series = {Urban Planning}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Urban Planning}, number = {Volume 7, Issue 3}, doi = {10.17645/up.v7i3.5329}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230509-63633}, pages = {274 -- 284}, abstract = {Real-world labs hold the potential to catalyse rapid urban transformations through real-world experimentation. Characterised by a rather radical, responsive, and location-specific nature, real-world labs face constraints in the scaling of experimental knowledge. To make a significant contribution to urban transformation, the produced knowledge must go beyond the level of a building, street, or small district where real-world experiments are conducted. Thus, a conflict arises between experimental boundaries and the stimulation of broader implications. The challenges of scaling experimental knowledge have been recognised as a problem, but remain largely unexplained. Based on this, the article will discuss the applicability of the "typology of amplification processes" by Lam et al. (2020) to explore and evaluate the potential of scaling experimental knowledge from real-world labs. The application of the typology is exemplified in the case of the Bauhaus.MobilityLab. The Bauhaus.MobilityLab takes a unique approach by testing and developing cross-sectoral mobility, energy, and logistics solutions with a distinct focus on scaling knowledge and innovation. For this case study, different qualitative research techniques are combined according to "within-method triangulation" and synthesised in a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The analysis of the Bauhaus.MobilityLab proves that the "typology of amplification processes" is useful as a systematic approach to identifying and evaluating the potential of scaling experimental knowledge.}, subject = {Stadtplanung}, language = {en} } @article{AlaladeReichertKoehnetal., author = {Alalade, Muyiwa and Reichert, Ina and K{\"o}hn, Daniel and Wuttke, Frank and Lahmer, Tom}, title = {A Cyclic Multi-Stage Implementation of the Full-Waveform Inversion for the Identification of Anomalies in Dams}, series = {Infrastructures}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Infrastructures}, number = {Volume 7, issue 12, article 161}, editor = {Qu, Chunxu and Gao, Chunxu and Zhang, Rui and Jia, Ziguang and Li, Jiaxiang}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/infrastructures7120161}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221201-48396}, pages = {19}, abstract = {For the safe and efficient operation of dams, frequent monitoring and maintenance are required. These are usually expensive, time consuming, and cumbersome. To alleviate these issues, we propose applying a wave-based scheme for the location and quantification of damages in dams. To obtain high-resolution "interpretable" images of the damaged regions, we drew inspiration from non-linear full-multigrid methods for inverse problems and applied a new cyclic multi-stage full-waveform inversion (FWI) scheme. Our approach is less susceptible to the stability issues faced by the standard FWI scheme when dealing with ill-posed problems. In this paper, we first selected an optimal acquisition setup and then applied synthetic data to demonstrate the capability of our approach in identifying a series of anomalies in dams by a mixture of reflection and transmission tomography. The results had sufficient robustness, showing the prospects of application in the field of non-destructive testing of dams.}, subject = {Damm}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kiesel2022, author = {Kiesel, Johannes}, title = {Harnessing Web Archives to Tackle Selected Societal Challenges}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4660}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220622-46602}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2022}, abstract = {With the growing importance of the World Wide Web, the major challenges our society faces are also increasingly affecting the digital areas of our lives. Some of the associated problems can be addressed by computer science, and some of these specifically by data-driven research. To do so, however, requires to solve open issues related to archive quality and the large volume and variety of the data contained. This dissertation contributes data, algorithms, and concepts towards leveraging the big data and temporal provenance capabilities of web archives to tackle societal challenges. We selected three such challenges that highlight the central issues of archive quality, data volume, and data variety, respectively: (1) For the preservation of digital culture, this thesis investigates and improves the automatic quality assurance of the web page archiving process, as well as the further processing of the resulting archive data for automatic analysis. (2) For the critical assessment of information, this thesis examines large datasets of Wikipedia and news articles and presents new methods for automatically determining quality and bias. (3) For digital security and privacy, this thesis exploits the variety of content on the web to quantify the security of mnemonic passwords and analyzes the privacy-aware re-finding of the various seen content through private web archives.}, subject = {Informatik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{ManzanoGomez, author = {Manzano G{\´o}mez, Noel A.}, title = {The reverse of urban planning. Towards a 20th century history of informal urbanization in Europe and its origins in Madrid and Paris (1850-1940)}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4569}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220119-45693}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {350}, abstract = {The objective of this thesis was to understand the 20th-century history of informal urbanisation in Europe and its origins in Madrid and Paris. The concept of informal urbanisation was employed to refer to the process of developing shacks and precarious single-family housing areas that were not planned by the public powers and were considered to be substandard because of their below-average materials and social characteristics. Our main hypothesis was that despite being a phenomenon with ancient roots, informal urbanisation emerged as a public problem and was subsequently prohibited in connection with another historical process occurred: the birth of contemporary urban planning. Therefore, its transformation into a deviant and illegal urban growth mechanism would have been a pan-European process occurring at the same pace that urban planning developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Analysing the 20th-century history of informal urbanisation in Europe was an ambitious task that required using a large number of sources. To contend with this issue, this thesis combined two main methods: historiographical research about informal urbanisation in Europe and archival research of two case studies, Madrid and Paris, to make the account more precise by analysing primary sources of the subject. Our research of these informal areas, which were produced mainly through poor private allotments and housing developed on land squats, revealed two key moments of explosive growth across Europe: the 1920s and 1960s. The near disappearance of informal urbanisation throughout the continent seemed to be a consequence not of the historical development of urban planning—which was commonly transgressed and bypassed—but of the exacerbation of global economic inequalities, permitting the development of a geography of privilege in Europe. Concerning the cases of Paris and Madrid, the origins of informal urbanisation—that is, the moment the issue started to be problematised—seemed to occur in the second half of the 19th century, when a number of hygienic norms and surveillance devices began to control housing characteristics. From that moment onwards, informal urbanisation areas formed peripheral belts in both cities. This growth became the object of an illegalisation process of which we have identified three phases: (i) the unregulated development of the phenomenon during the second half of the 20th century, (ii) the institutional production of "exception regulations" to permit a controlled development of substandard housing in the peripheral fringes of both cities, and (iii) the synchronic prohibition of informal urbanisation in the 1920s and its illegal reproduction.}, subject = {Stadtplanung}, language = {en} } @article{MehlingSchnabelLondong, author = {Mehling, Simon and Schnabel, Tobias and Londong, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Investigation on Energetic Efficiency of Reactor Systems for Oxidation of Micro-Pollutants by Immobilized Active Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis}, series = {Water}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Water}, number = {Volume 14, issue 7, article 2681}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/w14172681}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220912-47130}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {In this work, the degradation performance for the photocatalytic oxidation of eight micropollutants (amisulpride, benzotriazole, candesartan, carbamazepine, diclofenac, gabapentin, methlybenzotriazole, and metoprolol) within real secondary effluent was investigated using three different reactor designs. For all reactor types, the influence of irradiation power on its reaction rate and energetic efficiency was investigated. Flat cell and batch reactor showed almost similar substance specific degradation behavior. Within the immersion rotary body reactor, benzotriazole and methylbenzotriazole showed a significantly lower degradation affinity. The flat cell reactor achieved the highest mean degradation rate, with half time values ranging from 5 to 64 min with a mean of 18 min, due to its high catalysts surface to hydraulic volume ratio. The EE/O values were calculated for all micro-pollutants as well as the mean degradation rate constant of each experimental step. The lowest substance specific energy per order (EE/O) values of 5 kWh/m3 were measured for benzotriazole within the batch reactor. The batch reactor also reached the lowest mean values (11.8-15.9 kWh/m3) followed by the flat cell reactor (21.0-37.0 kWh/m3) and immersion rotary body reactor (23.9-41.0 kWh/m3). Catalyst arrangement and irradiation power were identified as major influences on the energetic performance of the reactors. Low radiation intensities as well as the use of submerged catalyst arrangement allowed a reduction in energy demand by a factor of 3-4. A treatment according to existing treatment goals of wastewater treatment plants (80\% total degradation) was achieved using the batch reactor with a calculated energy demand of 7000 Wh/m3.}, subject = {Fotokatalyse}, language = {en} } @article{AlYasiriMutasharGuerlebecketal., author = {Al-Yasiri, Zainab Riyadh Shaker and Mutashar, Hayder Majid and G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and Lahmer, Tom}, title = {Damage Sensitive Signals for the Assessment of the Conditions of Wind Turbine Rotor Blades Using Electromagnetic Waves}, series = {Infrastructures}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Infrastructures}, number = {Volume 7, Issue 8 (August 2022), article 104}, editor = {Shafiullah, GM}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/infrastructures7080104}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220831-47093}, pages = {18}, abstract = {One of the most important renewable energy technologies used nowadays are wind power turbines. In this paper, we are interested in identifying the operating status of wind turbines, especially rotor blades, by means of multiphysical models. It is a state-of-the-art technology to test mechanical structures with ultrasonic-based methods. However, due to the density and the required high resolution, the testing is performed with high-frequency waves, which cannot penetrate the structure in depth. Therefore, there is a need to adopt techniques in the fields of multiphysical model-based inversion schemes or data-driven structural health monitoring. Before investing effort in the development of such approaches, further insights and approaches are necessary to make the techniques applicable to structures such as wind power plants (blades). Among the expected developments, further accelerations of the so-called "forward codes" for a more efficient implementation of the wave equation could be envisaged. Here, we employ electromagnetic waves for the early detection of cracks. Because in many practical situations, it is not possible to apply techniques from tomography (characterized by multiple sources and sensor pairs), we focus here on the question of whether the existence of cracks can be determined by using only one source for the sent waves.}, subject = {Windkraftwerk}, language = {en} } @article{Lutolli, author = {Lutolli, Blerim}, title = {A Review of Domed Cities and Architecture: Past, Present and Future}, series = {Future cities and environment}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Future cities and environment}, number = {Volume 8, issue 1}, publisher = {Ubiquity Press Limited}, address = {London}, doi = {10.5334/fce.154}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221103-47335}, pages = {1 -- 9}, abstract = {The goal of architecture is changing in response to the expanding role of cities, rapid urbanization, and transformation under changing economic, environmental, social, and demographic factors. As cities increased in the early modern era, overcrowding, urbanization, and pollution conditions led reformers to consider the future shape of the cities. One of the most critical topics in contemporary architecture is the subject of the future concepts of living. In most cases, domed cities, as a future concept of living, are rarely considered, and they are used chiefly as "utopian" visions in the discourse of future ways of living. This paper highlights the reviews of domed cities to deepen the understanding of the idea in practice, like its approach in terms of architecture. The main aim of this paper is to provide a broad overview for domed cities in the face of pollution as one of the main concerns in many European cities. As a result, the significance of the reviews of the existing projects is focused on their conceptual quality. This review will pave the way for further studies in terms of future developments in the realm of domed cities. In this paper, the city of Celje, one of the most polluted cities in Slovenia, is taken as a case study for considering the concept of Dome incorporated due to the lack of accessible literature on the topic. This review's primary contribution is to allow architects to explore a broad spectrum of innovation by comparing today's achievable statuses against the possibilities generated by domed cities. As a result of this study, the concept of living under the Dome remains to be developed in theory and practice. The current challenging climatic situation will accelerate the evolution of these concepts, resulting in the formation of new typologies, which are a requirement for humanity.}, subject = {Architektur}, language = {en} } @article{ChowdhuryZabel, author = {Chowdhury, Sharmistha and Zabel, Volkmar}, title = {Influence of loading sequence on wind induced fatigue assessment of bolts in TV-tower connection block}, series = {Results in Engineering}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Results in Engineering}, number = {Volume 16, article 100603}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100603}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221028-47303}, pages = {1 -- 18}, abstract = {Bolted connections are widely employed in structures like transmission poles, wind turbines, and television (TV) towers. The behaviour of bolted connections is often complex and plays a significant role in the overall dynamic characteristics of the structure. The goal of this work is to conduct a fatigue lifecycle assessment of such a bolted connection block of a 193 m tall TV tower, for which 205 days of real measurement data have been obtained from the installed monitoring devices. Based on the recorded data, the best-fit stochastic wind distribution for 50 years, the decisive wind action, and the locations to carry out the fatigue analysis have been decided. A 3D beam model of the entire tower is developed to extract the nodal forces corresponding to the connection block location under various mean wind speeds, which is later coupled with a detailed complex finite element model of the connection block, with over three million degrees of freedom, for acquiring stress histories on some pre-selected bolts. The random stress histories are analysed using the rainflow counting algorithm (RCA) and the damage is estimated using Palmgren-Miner's damage accumulation law. A modification is proposed to integrate the loading sequence effect into the RCA, which otherwise is ignored, and the differences between the two RCAs are investigated in terms of the accumulated damage.}, subject = {Schadensakkumulation}, language = {en} } @article{MaiwaldSchwarzKaufmannetal., author = {Maiwald, Holger and Schwarz, Jochen and Kaufmann, Christian and Langhammer, Tobias and Golz, Sebastian and Wehner, Theresa}, title = {Innovative Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Urban Areas against Flood Events: Prognosis of Structural Damage with a New Approach Considering Flow Velocity}, series = {Water}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Water}, number = {Volume 14, issue 18, article 2793}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/w14182793}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221012-47254}, pages = {1 -- 28}, abstract = {The floods in 2002 and 2013, as well as the recent flood of 2021, caused billions Euros worth of property damage in Germany. The aim of the project Innovative Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Urban Areas against Flood Events (INNOVARU) involved the development of a practicable flood damage model that enables realistic damage statements for the residential building stock. In addition to the determination of local flood risks, it also takes into account the vulnerability of individual buildings and allows for the prognosis of structural damage. In this paper, we discuss an improved method for the prognosis of structural damage due to flood impact. Detailed correlations between inundation level and flow velocities depending on the vulnerability of the building types, as well as the number of storeys, are considered. Because reliable damage data from events with high flow velocities were not available, an innovative approach was adopted to cover a wide range of flow velocities. The proposed approach combines comprehensive damage data collected after the 2002 flood in Germany with damage data of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami in Japan. The application of the developed methods enables a reliable reinterpretation of the structural damage caused by the August flood of 2002 in six study areas in the Free State of Saxony.}, subject = {Bauschaden}, language = {en} } @article{ArnoldKraus, author = {Arnold, Robert and Kraus, Matthias}, title = {On the nonstationary identification of climate-influenced loads for the semi-probabilistic approach using measured and projected data}, series = {Cogent Engineering}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Cogent Engineering}, number = {Volume 9, issue 1, article 2143061}, editor = {Pham, Duc}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1080/23311916.2022.2143061}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221117-47363}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {A safe and economic structural design based on the semi-probabilistic concept requires statistically representative safety elements, such as characteristic values, design values, and partial safety factors. Regarding climate loads, the safety levels of current design codes strongly reflect experiences based on former measurements and investigations assuming stationary conditions, i.e. involving constant frequencies and intensities. However, due to climate change, occurrence of corresponding extreme weather events is expected to alter in the future influencing the reliability and safety of structures and their components. Based on established approaches, a systematically refined data-driven methodology for the determination of design parameters considering nonstationarity as well as standardized targets of structural reliability or safety, respectively, is therefore proposed. The presented procedure picks up fundamentals of European standardization and extends them with respect to nonstationarity by applying a shifting time window method. Taking projected snow loads into account, the application of the method is exemplarily demonstrated and various influencing parameters are discussed.}, subject = {Reliabilit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @article{ChowdhuryKraus, author = {Chowdhury, Sharmistha and Kraus, Matthias}, title = {Design-related reassessment of structures integrating Bayesian updating of model safety factors}, series = {Results in Engineering}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Results in Engineering}, number = {Volume 16, article 100560}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100560}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221028-47294}, pages = {1 -- 1}, abstract = {In the semi-probabilistic approach of structural design, the partial safety factors are defined by considering some degree of uncertainties to actions and resistance, associated with the parameters' stochastic nature. However, uncertainties for individual structures can be better examined by incorporating measurement data provided by sensors from an installed health monitoring scheme. In this context, the current study proposes an approach to revise the partial safety factor for existing structures on the action side, γE by integrating Bayesian model updating. A simple numerical example of a beam-like structure with artificially generated measurement data is used such that the influence of different sensor setups and data uncertainties on revising the safety factors can be investigated. It is revealed that the health monitoring system can reassess the current capacity reserve of the structure by updating the design safety factors, resulting in a better life cycle assessment of structures. The outcome is furthermore verified by analysing a real life small railway steel bridge ensuring the applicability of the proposed method to practical applications.}, subject = {Lebenszyklus}, language = {en} } @article{HarirchianIsik, author = {Harirchian, Ehsan and Isik, Ercan}, title = {A Comparative Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Eastern Turkey (Bitlis) Based on Updated Hazard Map and Its Effect on Regular RC Structures}, series = {Buildings}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Buildings}, number = {Volume 12, issue 10, article 1573}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/buildings12101573}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221028-47283}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {Determining the earthquake hazard of any settlement is one of the primary studies for reducing earthquake damage. Therefore, earthquake hazard maps used for this purpose must be renewed over time. Turkey Earthquake Hazard Map has been used instead of Turkey Earthquake Zones Map since 2019. A probabilistic seismic hazard was performed by using these last two maps and different attenuation relationships for Bitlis Province (Eastern Turkey) were located in the Lake Van Basin, which has a high seismic risk. The earthquake parameters were determined by considering all districts and neighborhoods in the province. Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses were carried out for these settlements using seismic sources and four different attenuation relationships. The obtained values are compared with the design spectrum stated in the last two earthquake maps. Significant differences exist between the design spectrum obtained according to the different exceedance probabilities. In this study, adaptive pushover analyses of sample-reinforced concrete buildings were performed using the design ground motion level. Structural analyses were carried out using three different design spectra, as given in the last two seismic design codes and the mean spectrum obtained from attenuation relationships. Different design spectra significantly change the target displacements predicted for the performance levels of the buildings.}, subject = {Erbeben}, language = {en} } @article{KumariHarirchianLahmeretal., author = {Kumari, Vandana and Harirchian, Ehsan and Lahmer, Tom and Rasulzade, Shahla}, title = {Evaluation of Machine Learning and Web-Based Process for Damage Score Estimation of Existing Buildings}, series = {Buildings}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Buildings}, number = {Volume 12, issue 5, article 578}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/buildings12050578}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220509-46387}, pages = {1 -- 23}, abstract = {The seismic vulnerability assessment of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is a significant source of disaster mitigation plans and rescue services. Different countries evolved various Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) techniques and methodologies to deal with the devastating consequences of earthquakes on the structural characteristics of buildings and human casualties. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods, such as machine learning (ML) algorithm-based methods, are increasingly used in various scientific and technical applications. The investigation toward using these techniques in civil engineering applications has shown encouraging results and reduced human intervention, including uncertainties and biased judgment. In this study, several known non-parametric algorithms are investigated toward RVS using a dataset employing different earthquakes. Moreover, the methodology encourages the possibility of examining the buildings' vulnerability based on the factors related to the buildings' importance and exposure. In addition, a web-based application built on Django is introduced. The interface is designed with the idea to ease the seismic vulnerability investigation in real-time. The concept was validated using two case studies, and the achieved results showed the proposed approach's potential efficiency}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{BuschowSuhrSerger, author = {Buschow, Christopher and Suhr, Maike and Serger, Hauke}, title = {Media Work as Field Advancement: The Case of Science Media Center Germany}, series = {Media and Communication}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Media and Communication}, number = {Volume 10, issue 1}, publisher = {Cogitatio Press}, address = {Lisbon}, doi = {10.17645/mac.v10i1.4454}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220125-45709}, pages = {99 -- 109}, abstract = {In the wake of the news industry's digitization, novel organizations that differ considerably from traditional media firms in terms of their functional roles and organizational practices of media work are emerging. One new type is the field repair organization, which is characterized by supporting high-quality media work to compensate for the deficits (such as those which come from cost savings and layoffs) which have become apparent in legacy media today. From a practice-theoretical research perspective and based on semi-structured interviews, virtual field observations, and document analysis, we have conducted a single case study on Science Media Center Germany (SMC), a unique non-profit news start-up launched in 2016 in Cologne, Germany. Our findings show that, in addition to field repair activities, SMC aims to facilitate progress and innovation in the field, which we refer to as field advancement. This helps to uncover emerging needs and anticipates problems before they intensify or even occur, proactively providing products and tools for future journalism. This article contributes to our understanding of novel media organizations with distinct functions in the news industry, allowing for advancements in theory on media work and the organization of journalism in times of digital upheaval.}, subject = {Journalismus}, language = {en} } @article{ArtusAlabassyKoch, author = {Artus, Mathias and Alabassy, Mohamed Said Helmy and Koch, Christian}, title = {A BIM Based Framework for Damage Segmentation, Modeling, and Visualization Using IFC}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {volume 12, issue 6, article 2772}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/app12062772}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220314-46059}, pages = {1 -- 24}, abstract = {Paper-based data acquisition and manual transfer between incompatible software or data formats during inspections of bridges, as done currently, are time-consuming, error-prone, cumbersome, and lead to information loss. A fully digitized workflow using open data formats would reduce data loss, efforts, and the costs of future inspections. On the one hand, existing studies proposed methods to automatize data acquisition and visualization for inspections. These studies lack an open standard to make the gathered data available for other processes. On the other hand, several studies discuss data structures for exchanging damage information among different stakeholders. However, those studies do not cover the process of automatic data acquisition and transfer. This study focuses on a framework that incorporates automatic damage data acquisition, transfer, and a damage information model for data exchange. This enables inspectors to use damage data for subsequent analyses and simulations. The proposed framework shows the potentials for a comprehensive damage information model and related (semi-)automatic data acquisition and processing.}, subject = {Building Information Modeling}, language = {en} } @article{AlsaadHartmannVoelker, author = {Alsaad, Hayder and Hartmann, Maria and V{\"o}lker, Conrad}, title = {Hygrothermal simulation data of a living wall system for decentralized greywater treatment}, series = {Data in Brief}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Data in Brief}, number = {volume 40, article 107741}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2021.107741}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220106-45483}, pages = {12}, abstract = {This dataset presents the numerical analysis of the heat and moisture transport through a facade equipped with a living wall system designated for greywater treatment. While such greening systems provide many environmental benefits, they involve pumping large quantities of water onto the wall assembly, which can increase the risk of moisture in the wall as well as impaired energetic performance due to increased thermal conductivity with increased moisture content in the building materials. This dataset was acquired through numerical simulation using the coupling of two simulation tools, namely Envi-Met and Delphin. This coupling was used to include the complex role the plants play in shaping the near-wall environmental parameters in the hygrothermal simulations. Four different wall assemblies were investigated, each assembly was assessed twice: with and without the living wall. The presented data include the input and output parameters of the simulations, which were presented in the co-submitted article [1].}, subject = {Kupplung}, language = {en} } @article{WelchGuerra, author = {Welch Guerra, Max}, title = {Fach, Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft. Beitrag zur Debatte „Was ist Stadt? Was ist Kritik?"}, series = {sub\urban. zeitschrift f{\"u}r kritische stadtforschung}, volume = {2022}, journal = {sub\urban. zeitschrift f{\"u}r kritische stadtforschung}, number = {Band 10, Nr. 1}, publisher = {Sub\urban e.V.}, address = {Leipzig}, doi = {10.36900/suburban.v10i1.779}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220810-46855}, pages = {188 -- 190}, abstract = {Der Aufruf, die Begriffe Stadt und Kritik in das Zentrum einer Debatte zu stellen, bietet die große Chance, uns weit {\"u}ber begriffliche Kl{\"a}rungen unseres gemeinsamen Arbeitsgegenstands hinaus - die ja auch f{\"u}r sich selbst sehr fruchtbar sein k{\"o}nnen - {\"u}ber die Funktion zu verst{\"a}ndigen, die wir in der Gesellschaft aus{\"u}ben, wenn wir r{\"a}umliche Planung praktizieren, erforschen und lehren. Da in der Bundesrepublik nicht nur ein großer Bedarf, sondern auch eine betr{\"a}chtliche Nachfrage nach {\"o}ffentlicher Planung besteht und die planungsbezogenen Wissenschaften sich eines insgesamt stabilen institutionellen Standes erfreuen, laufen wir Gefahr, die gesellschaftspolitische Legitimation von Berufsfeld und Wissenschaft zu vernachl{\"a}ssigen, sie als gegeben zu behandeln. Wir m{\"u}ssen uns ja kaum rechtfertigen.}, subject = {Stadt}, language = {de} } @misc{ZandersBein, author = {Zanders, Theresa and Bein, Laura Eleana}, title = {Der anonyme Behandlungsschein - von der Idee zur Umsetzung. Ein Handlungsleitfaden}, editor = {Calbet i Elias, Laura and Vollmer, Lisa and Zanders, Theresa}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4716}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220928-47161}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Handlungsleitfaden hilft zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen und staatlichen Einrichtungen bei der Installation eines anonymen Behandlungs- oder Krankenschein f{\"u}r Menschen ohne Krankenversicherung. Dabei b{\"u}ndelt sich hier der Erfahrungsschatz verschiedener Initiativen aus dem gesamten Bundesgebiet.}, subject = {Gesundheitsversorgung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gollub, author = {Gollub, Tim}, title = {Information Retrieval for the Digital Humanities}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4673}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220801-46738}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {177}, abstract = {In ten chapters, this thesis presents information retrieval technology which is tailored to the research activities that arise in the context of corpus-based digital humanities projects. The presentation is structured by a conceptual research process that is introduced in Chapter 1. The process distinguishes a set of five research activities: research question generation, corpus acquisition, research question modeling, corpus annotation, and result dissemination. Each of these research activities elicits different information retrieval tasks with special challenges, for which algorithmic approaches are presented after an introduction of the core information retrieval concepts in Chapter 2. A vital concept in many of the presented approaches is the keyquery paradigm introduced in Chapter 3, which represents an operation that returns relevant search queries in response to a given set of input documents. Keyqueries are proposed in Chapter 4 for the recommendation of related work, and in Chapter 5 for improving access to aspects hidden in the long tail of search result lists. With pseudo-descriptions, a document expansion approach is presented in Chapter 6. The approach improves the retrieval performance for corpora where only bibliographic meta-data is originally available. In Chapter 7, the keyquery paradigm is employed to generate dynamic taxonomies for corpora in an unsupervised fashion. Chapter 8 turns to the exploration of annotated corpora, and presents scoped facets as a conceptual extension to faceted search systems, which is particularly useful in exploratory search settings. For the purpose of highlighting the major topical differences in a sequence of sub-corpora, an algorithm called topical sequence profiling is presented in Chapter 9. The thesis concludes with two pilot studies regarding the visualization of (re)search results for the means of successful result dissemination: a metaphoric interpretation of the information nutrition label, as well as the philosophical bodies, which are 3D-printed search results.}, subject = {Information Retrieval}, language = {en} } @article{SoebkeLueck, author = {S{\"o}bke, Heinrich and L{\"u}ck, Andrea}, title = {Framing Algorithm-Driven Development of Sets of Objectives Using Elementary Interactions}, series = {Applied System Innovation}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Applied System Innovation}, number = {Volume 5, issue 3, article 49}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/asi5030049}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220713-46624}, pages = {1 -- 20}, abstract = {Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an established methodology to support the decision-making of multi-objective problems. For conducting an MCDA, in most cases, a set of objectives (SOO) is required, which consists of a hierarchical structure comprised of objectives, criteria, and indicators. The development of an SOO is usually based on moderated development processes requiring high organizational and cognitive effort from all stakeholders involved. This article proposes elementary interactions as a key paradigm of an algorithm-driven development process for an SOO that requires little moderation efforts. Elementary interactions are self-contained information requests that may be answered with little cognitive effort. The pairwise comparison of elements in the well-known analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is an example of an elementary interaction. Each elementary interaction in the development process presented contributes to the stepwise development of an SOO. Based on the hypothesis that an SOO may be developed exclusively using elementary interactions (EIs), a concept for a multi-user platform is proposed. Essential components of the platform are a Model Aggregator, an Elementary Interaction Stream Generator, a Participant Manager, and a Discussion Forum. While the latter component serves the professional exchange of the participants, the first three components are intended to be automatable by algorithms. The platform concept proposed has been evaluated partly in an explorative validation study demonstrating the general functionality of the algorithms outlined. In summary, the platform concept suggested demonstrates the potential to ease SOO development processes as the platform concept does not restrict the application domain; it is intended to work with little administration moderation efforts, and it supports the further development of an existing SOO in the event of changes in external conditions. The algorithm-driven development of SOOs proposed in this article may ease the development of MCDA applications and, thus, may have a positive effect on the spread of MCDA applications.}, subject = {Multikriteria-Entscheidung}, language = {en} } @article{GuerlebeckLegatiukWebber, author = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and Legatiuk, Dmitrii and Webber, Kemmar}, title = {Operator Calculus Approach to Comparison of Elasticity Models for Modelling of Masonry Structures}, series = {Mathematics}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Mathematics}, number = {Volume 10, issue 10, article 1670}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/math10101670}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220721-46726}, pages = {1 -- 22}, abstract = {The solution of any engineering problem starts with a modelling process aimed at formulating a mathematical model, which must describe the problem under consideration with sufficient precision. Because of heterogeneity of modern engineering applications, mathematical modelling scatters nowadays from incredibly precise micro- and even nano-modelling of materials to macro-modelling, which is more appropriate for practical engineering computations. In the field of masonry structures, a macro-model of the material can be constructed based on various elasticity theories, such as classical elasticity, micropolar elasticity and Cosserat elasticity. Evidently, a different macro-behaviour is expected depending on the specific theory used in the background. Although there have been several theoretical studies of different elasticity theories in recent years, there is still a lack of understanding of how modelling assumptions of different elasticity theories influence the modelling results of masonry structures. Therefore, a rigorous approach to comparison of different three-dimensional elasticity models based on quaternionic operator calculus is proposed in this paper. In this way, three elasticity models are described and spatial boundary value problems for these models are discussed. In particular, explicit representation formulae for their solutions are constructed. After that, by using these representation formulae, explicit estimates for the solutions obtained by different elasticity theories are obtained. Finally, several numerical examples are presented, which indicate a practical difference in the solutions.}, subject = {Mauerwerk}, language = {en} } @article{TeitelbaumAlsaadAvivetal., author = {Teitelbaum, Eric and Alsaad, Hayder and Aviv, Dorit and Kim, Alexander and V{\"o}lker, Conrad and Meggers, Forrest and Pantelic, Jovan}, title = {Addressing a systematic error correcting for free and mixed convection when measuring mean radiant temperature with globe thermometers}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {Volume 12, article 6473}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-10172-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220509-46363}, pages = {18}, abstract = {It is widely accepted that most people spend the majority of their lives indoors. Most individuals do not realize that while indoors, roughly half of heat exchange affecting their thermal comfort is in the form of thermal infrared radiation. We show that while researchers have been aware of its thermal comfort significance over the past century, systemic error has crept into the most common evaluation techniques, preventing adequate characterization of the radiant environment. Measuring and characterizing radiant heat transfer is a critical component of both building energy efficiency and occupant thermal comfort and productivity. Globe thermometers are typically used to measure mean radiant temperature (MRT), a commonly used metric for accounting for the radiant effects of an environment at a point in space. In this paper we extend previous field work to a controlled laboratory setting to (1) rigorously demonstrate that existing correction factors used in the American Society of Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 55 or ISO7726 for using globe thermometers to quantify MRT are not sufficient; (2) develop a correction to improve the use of globe thermometers to address problems in the current standards; and (3) show that mean radiant temperature measured with ping-pong ball-sized globe thermometers is not reliable due to a stochastic convective bias. We also provide an analysis of the maximum precision of globe sensors themselves, a piece missing from the domain in contemporary literature.}, subject = {Strahlungstemperatur}, language = {en} } @article{TarabenMorgenthal, author = {Taraben, Jakob and Morgenthal, Guido}, title = {Integration and Comparison Methods for Multitemporal Image-Based 2D Annotations in Linked 3D Building Documentation}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {Volume 14, issue 9, article 2286}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/rs14092286}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220513-46488}, pages = {1 -- 20}, abstract = {Data acquisition systems and methods to capture high-resolution images or reconstruct 3D point clouds of existing structures are an effective way to document their as-is condition. These methods enable a detailed analysis of building surfaces, providing precise 3D representations. However, for the condition assessment and documentation, damages are mainly annotated in 2D representations, such as images, orthophotos, or technical drawings, which do not allow for the application of a 3D workflow or automated comparisons of multitemporal datasets. In the available software for building heritage data management and analysis, a wide range of annotation and evaluation functions are available, but they also lack integrated post-processing methods and systematic workflows. The article presents novel methods developed to facilitate such automated 3D workflows and validates them on a small historic church building in Thuringia, Germany. Post-processing steps using photogrammetric 3D reconstruction data along with imagery were implemented, which show the possibilities of integrating 2D annotations into 3D documentations. Further, the application of voxel-based methods on the dataset enables the evaluation of geometrical changes of multitemporal annotations in different states and the assignment to elements of scans or building models. The proposed workflow also highlights the potential of these methods for condition assessment and planning of restoration work, as well as the possibility to represent the analysis results in standardised building model formats.}, subject = {Bauwesen}, language = {en} } @article{AlsaadHartmannHilbeletal., author = {Alsaad, Hayder and Hartmann, Maria and Hilbel, Rebecca and V{\"o}lker, Conrad}, title = {ENVI-met validation data accompanied with simulation data of the impact of facade greening on the urban microclimate}, series = {Data in Brief}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Data in Brief}, number = {Volume 42, article 108200}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2022.108200}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220511-46455}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {This dataset consists mainly of two subsets. The first subset includes measurements and simulation data conducted to validate the simulation tool ENVI-met. The measurements were conducted at the campus of the Bauhaus-University Weimar in Weimar, Germany and consisted of recording exterior air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity at 1.5 m at four points on four different days. After the measurements, the geometry of the campus was modelled and meshed; the simulations were conducted using the weather data of the measurements days with the aim of investigating the accuracy of the model. The second data subset consists of ENVI-met simulation data of the potential of facade greening in improving the outdoor environment and the indoor air temperature during heatwaves in Central European cities. The data consist of the boundary conditions and the simulation output of two simulation models: with and without facade greening. The geometry of the models corresponded to a residential buildings district in Stuttgart, Germany. The simulation output consisted of exterior air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity at 12 different probe points in the model in addition to the indoor air temperature of an exemplary building. The dataset presents both vertical profiles of the probed parameters as well as the time series output of the five-day simulation duration. Both data subsets correspond to the investigations presented in the co-submitted article [1].}, subject = {Messung}, language = {en} } @article{Hanna, author = {Hanna, John}, title = {Computational Modelling for the Effects of Capsular Clustering on Fracture of Encapsulation-Based Self-Healing Concrete Using XFEM and Cohesive Surface Technique}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {Volume 12, issue 10, article 5112}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/app12105112}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220721-46717}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {The fracture of microcapsules is an important issue to release the healing agent for healing the cracks in encapsulation-based self-healing concrete. The capsular clustering generated from the concrete mixing process is considered one of the critical factors in the fracture mechanism. Since there is a lack of studies in the literature regarding this issue, the design of self-healing concrete cannot be made without an appropriate modelling strategy. In this paper, the effects of microcapsule size and clustering on the fractured microcapsules are studied computationally. A simple 2D computational modelling approach is developed based on the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and cohesive surface technique. The proposed model shows that the microcapsule size and clustering have significant roles in governing the load-carrying capacity and the crack propagation pattern and determines whether the microcapsule will be fractured or debonded from the concrete matrix. The higher the microcapsule circumferential contact length, the higher the load-carrying capacity. When it is lower than 25\% of the microcapsule circumference, it will result in a greater possibility for the debonding of the microcapsule from the concrete. The greater the core/shell ratio (smaller shell thickness), the greater the likelihood of microcapsules being fractured.}, subject = {Beton}, language = {en} } @book{BeeBergermannKecketal., author = {Bee, Julia and Bergermann, Ulrike and Keck, Linda and Sander, Sarah and Schwaab, Herbert and Stauff, Markus and Wagner, Franzi}, title = {Fahrradutopien. Medien, {\"A}sthetiken und Aktivismus}, publisher = {meson press}, address = {L{\"u}neburg}, isbn = {978-3-95796-196-9}, doi = {10.14619/1952}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220809-46743}, publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {266}, abstract = {Das Fahrrad ist ein Medium sozialer Ver{\"a}nderung. Seine vielf{\"a}ltigen utopischen Potenziale ergeben sich nicht zuletzt aus seinen ebenso vielf{\"a}ltigen und h{\"a}ufig {\"u}bersehenen medialen Qualit{\"a}ten: Es vermittelt, es verbindet, es {\"u}bersetzt; es modifiziert Wahrnehmung und Organisation von Raum und Zeit, von K{\"o}rpern und von Sozialit{\"a}t. Umgekehrt kann auch das medienwissenschaftliche Denken fahrradmedial ver{\"a}ndert werden. Das Fahrrad ist nicht nur Medium des sozialen und {\"o}kologischen Wandels: Radfahren er{\"o}ffnet Perspektiven, ver{\"a}ndert R{\"a}ume, l{\"a}sst neue Relationen entstehen und teilt Handlungsmacht neu auf. Fahrradutopien denkt vom Fahrrad aus und erg{\"a}nzt dabei bestehende Ans{\"a}tze zur Mobilit{\"a}tsforschung um medienkulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven. Die Beitr{\"a}ge verbinden Medienwissenschaften und Forschungen zu Fahrradaktivismus mit der Liebe zum Radfahren. Fokussiert werden Fahrradfilme und -vlogs, Verkehr und Infrastrukturen, Virtuelle Realit{\"a}t und Fahrrad, Fahrradkollektive und Fahrradfeminismus.}, subject = {Fahrrad}, language = {de} } @article{SimonRitz, author = {Simon-Ritz, Frank}, title = {Zwischen Residenzkultur und Bratwursttradition: Th{\"u}ringer UNESCO-Initiativen}, series = {Palmbaum: Literarisches Journal aus Th{\"u}ringen}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Palmbaum: Literarisches Journal aus Th{\"u}ringen}, number = {Heft 1}, publisher = {Quartus Verlag}, address = {Bucha bei Jena}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4628}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220413-46282}, pages = {4}, abstract = {Der Essay, der in H. 1/2022 des "Palmbaum: literarisches Journal aus Th{\"u}ringen" erschienen ist, besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem Begriff des "kulturellen Erbes", der verschiedenen UNESCO-Programmen zugrundeliegt.}, subject = {Kultur}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabMueller, author = {Raab, Susanna and M{\"u}ller, Hannah}, title = {LebensMittelPunkte schaffen in Kooperation! Ein Handlungsleitfaden f{\"u}r die Zusammenarbeit von bezirklicher Verwaltung und ern{\"a}hrungspolitischen Initiativen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4734}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221109-47347}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Zugang zu gesunder und nachhaltiger Ern{\"a}hrung ist in Berlin nicht f{\"u}r alle Menschen eine Selbstverst{\"a}ndlichkeit. Um Ern{\"a}hrung f{\"u}r alle gew{\"a}hrleisten zu k{\"o}nnen, braucht es einen Wandel des Ern{\"a}hrungssystems in Berlin, der eine {\"o}kologische, klima- und sozialgerechte Nahrungsproduktion und Verteilung f{\"u}r alle Menschen in der Stadt erm{\"o}glicht. Einen Beitrag um die Ern{\"a}hrung in der Stadt gerechter und nachhaltiger zu gestalten kann ein sogenannter LebensMittelPunkt (LMP) leisten. LebensMittelPunkte entstehen meist aus ehrenamtlichen Initiativen, k{\"o}nnen aber auch in Zusammenarbeit mit st{\"a}dtischen Verwaltungen etabliert werden. Eine Zusammenarbeit zwischen zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen und Verwaltungen kann dabei Potenziale und Ressourcen freisetzen. Dieser Leitfaden soll ern{\"a}hrungspolitischen Initiativen und Vereinen aus der Zivilgesellschaft sowie kommunalen oder bezirklichen Verwaltungen in Berlin - und dar{\"u}ber hinaus - Empfehlungen geben, wie ein LebensMittelPunkt in einer gemeinsamen Kooperation aufgebaut werden kann.}, subject = {Ern{\"a}hrung}, language = {de} } @article{RoskammVollmer, author = {Roskamm, Nikolai and Vollmer, Lisa}, title = {Was ist Stadt? Was ist Kritik? Einf{\"u}hrung in die Debatte zum Jubil{\"a}umsheft von sub\urban}, series = {sub\urban. zeitschrift f{\"u}r kritische stadtforschung}, journal = {sub\urban. zeitschrift f{\"u}r kritische stadtforschung}, number = {Band 10, Nr. 1,}, publisher = {Sub\urban e.V.}, address = {Leipzig}, doi = {10.36900/suburban.v10i1.798}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220811-46847}, pages = {127 -- 130}, abstract = {Im Heft zum zehnj{\"a}hrigen Jubil{\"a}um von sub\urban mit dem Themenschwerpunkt „sub\x: Verortungen, Entortungen" ver{\"o}ffentlichen wir eine Debatte, die von den bisherigen in unserer Zeitschrift in dieser Rubrik gef{\"u}hrten textlichen Diskussionen abweicht. Im Vorfeld der Planungen f{\"u}r unsere Jubil{\"a}umsausgabe haben wir die aktuellen Mitglieder unseres wissenschaftlichen Beirats darum gebeten, zwei grundlegende Fragen von kritischer Stadtforschung in kurzen Beitr{\"a}gen zu diskutieren: Was ist Stadt? Was ist Kritik?}, subject = {Stadt}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Wang, author = {Wang, Jiasheng}, title = {Lebensdauerabsch{\"a}tzung von Bauteilen aus globularem Grauguss auf der Grundlage der lokalen gießprozessabh{\"a}ngigen Werkstoffzust{\"a}nde}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4554}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220111-45542}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {165}, abstract = {Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, eine m{\"o}gliche Verbesserung der G{\"u}te der Lebensdauervorhersage f{\"u}r Gusseisenwerkstoffe mit Kugelgraphit zu erreichen, wobei die Gießprozesse verschiedener Hersteller ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Im ersten Schritt wurden Probenk{\"o}rper aus GJS500 und GJS600 von mehreren Gusslieferanten gegossen und daraus Schwingproben erstellt. Insgesamt wurden Schwingfestigkeitswerte der einzelnen gegossenen Proben sowie der Proben des Bauteils von verschiedenen Gussherstellern weltweit entweder durch direkte Schwingversuche oder durch eine Sammlung von Betriebsfestigkeitsversuchen bestimmt. Dank der metallografischen Arbeit und Korrelationsanalyse konnten drei wesentliche Parameter zur Bestimmung der lokalen Dauerfestigkeit festgestellt werden: 1. statische Festigkeit, 2. Ferrit- und Perlitanteil der Mikrostrukturen und 3. Kugelgraphitanzahl pro Fl{\"a}cheneinheit. Basierend auf diesen Erkenntnissen wurde ein neues Festigkeitsverh{\"a}ltnisdiagramm (sogenanntes Sd/Rm-SG-Diagramm) entwickelt. Diese neue Methodik sollte vor allem erm{\"o}glichen, die Bauteildauerfestigkeit auf der Grundlage der gemessenen oder durch eine Gießsimulation vorhersagten lokalen Zugfestigkeitswerte sowie Mikrogef{\"u}genstrukturen besser zu prognostizieren. Mithilfe der Versuche sowie der Gießsimulation ist es gelungen, unterschiedliche Methoden der Lebensdauervorhersage unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Herstellungsprozesse weiterzuentwickeln.}, subject = {Grauguss}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Valizadeh, author = {Valizadeh, Navid}, title = {Developments in Isogeometric Analysis and Application to High-Order Phase-Field Models of Biomembranes}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4565}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220114-45658}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Isogeometric analysis (IGA) is a numerical method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), which was introduced with the aim of integrating finite element analysis with computer-aided design systems. The main idea of the method is to use the same spline basis functions which describe the geometry in CAD systems for the approximation of solution fields in the finite element method (FEM). Originally, NURBS which is a standard technology employed in CAD systems was adopted as basis functions in IGA but there were several variants of IGA using other technologies such as T-splines, PHT splines, and subdivision surfaces as basis functions. In general, IGA offers two key advantages over classical FEM: (i) by describing the CAD geometry exactly using smooth, high-order spline functions, the mesh generation process is simplified and the interoperability between CAD and FEM is improved, (ii) IGA can be viewed as a high-order finite element method which offers basis functions with high inter-element continuity and therefore can provide a primal variational formulation of high-order PDEs in a straightforward fashion. The main goal of this thesis is to further advance isogeometric analysis by exploiting these major advantages, namely precise geometric modeling and the use of smooth high-order splines as basis functions, and develop robust computational methods for problems with complex geometry and/or complex multi-physics. As the first contribution of this thesis, we leverage the precise geometric modeling of isogeometric analysis and propose a new method for its coupling with meshfree discretizations. We exploit the strengths of both methods by using IGA to provide a smooth, geometrically-exact surface discretization of the problem domain boundary, while the Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM) discretization is used to provide the volumetric discretization of the domain interior. The coupling strategy is based upon the higher-order consistency or reproducing conditions that are directly imposed in the physical domain. The resulting coupled method enjoys several favorable features: (i) it preserves the geometric exactness of IGA, (ii) it circumvents the need for global volumetric parameterization of the problem domain, (iii) it achieves arbitrary-order approximation accuracy while preserving higher-order smoothness of the discretization. Several numerical examples are solved to show the optimal convergence properties of the coupled IGA-RKPM formulation, and to demonstrate its effectiveness in constructing volumetric discretizations for complex-geometry objects. As for the next contribution, we exploit the use of smooth, high-order spline basis functions in IGA to solve high-order surface PDEs governing the morphological evolution of vesicles. These governing equations are often consisted of geometric PDEs, high-order PDEs on stationary or evolving surfaces, or a combination of them. We propose an isogeometric formulation for solving these PDEs. In the context of geometric PDEs, we consider phase-field approximations of mean curvature flow and Willmore flow problems and numerically study the convergence behavior of isogeometric analysis for these problems. As a model problem for high-order PDEs on stationary surfaces, we consider the Cahn-Hilliard equation on a sphere, where the surface is modeled using a phase-field approach. As for the high-order PDEs on evolving surfaces, a phase-field model of a deforming multi-component vesicle, which consists of two fourth-order nonlinear PDEs, is solved using the isogeometric analysis in a primal variational framework. Through several numerical examples in 2D, 3D and axisymmetric 3D settings, we show the robustness of IGA for solving the considered phase-field models. Finally, we present a monolithic, implicit formulation based on isogeometric analysis and generalized-alpha time integration for simulating hydrodynamics of vesicles according to a phase-field model. Compared to earlier works, the number of equations of the phase-field model which need to be solved is reduced by leveraging high continuity of NURBS functions, and the algorithm is extended to 3D settings. We use residual-based variational multi-scale method (RBVMS) for solving Navier-Stokes equations, while the rest of PDEs in the phase-field model are treated using a standard Galerkin-based IGA. We introduce the resistive immersed surface (RIS) method into the formulation which can be employed for an implicit description of complex geometries using a diffuse-interface approach. The implementation highlights the robustness of the RBVMS method for Navier-Stokes equations of incompressible flows with non-trivial localized forcing terms including bending and tension forces of the vesicle. The potential of the phase-field model and isogeometric analysis for accurate simulation of a variety of fluid-vesicle interaction problems in 2D and 3D is demonstrated.}, subject = {Phasenfeldmodell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Jenabidehkordi, author = {Jenabidehkordi, Ali}, title = {An efficient adaptive PD formulation for complex microstructures}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4738}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221116-47389}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {118}, abstract = {The computational costs of newly developed numerical simulation play a critical role in their acceptance within both academic use and industrial employment. Normally, the refinement of a method in the area of interest reduces the computational cost. This is unfortunately not true for most nonlocal simulation, since refinement typically increases the size of the material point neighborhood. Reducing the discretization size while keep- ing the neighborhood size will often require extra consideration. Peridynamic (PD) is a newly developed numerical method with nonlocal nature. Its straightforward integral form equation of motion allows simulating dynamic problems without any extra consideration required. The formation of crack and its propagation is known as natural to peridynamic. This means that discontinuity is a result of the simulation and does not demand any post-processing. As with other nonlocal methods, PD is considered an expensive method. The refinement of the nodal spacing while keeping the neighborhood size (i.e., horizon radius) constant, emerges to several nonphysical phenomena. This research aims to reduce the peridynamic computational and imple- mentation costs. A novel refinement approach is introduced. The pro- posed approach takes advantage of the PD flexibility in choosing the shape of the horizon by introducing multiple domains (with no intersections) to the nodes of the refinement zone. It will be shown that no ghost forces will be created when changing the horizon sizes in both subdomains. The approach is applied to both bond-based and state-based peridynamic and verified for a simple wave propagation refinement problem illustrating the efficiency of the method. Further development of the method for higher dimensions proves to have a direct relationship with the mesh sensitivity of the PD. A method for solving the mesh sensitivity of the PD is intro- duced. The application of the method will be examined by solving a crack propagation problem similar to those reported in the literature. New software architecture is proposed considering both academic and in- dustrial use. The available simulation tools for employing PD will be collected, and their advantages and drawbacks will be addressed. The challenges of implementing any node base nonlocal methods while max- imizing the software flexibility to further development and modification will be discussed and addressed. A software named Relation-Based Sim- ulator (RBS) is developed for examining the proposed architecture. The exceptional capabilities of RBS will be explored by simulating three distinguished models. RBS is available publicly and open to further develop- ment. The industrial acceptance of the RBS will be tested by targeting its performance on one Mac and two Linux distributions.}, subject = {Peridynamik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schlaffke, author = {Schlaffke, Markus}, title = {Die Rekonstruktion des Menaka-Archivs: Navigationen durch die Tanz-Moderne zwischen Kolkata, Mumbai und Berlin 1936-38}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4706}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220823-47069}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Die Europatournee des Indischen Menaka-Balletts von 1936-38 ist der Ausgangspunkt dieser archivologischen Navigation entlang der Spuren indischer K{\"u}nstlerInnen in Europa. In einer breit angelegten Archivrecherche wurden dazu Dokumente, Fundst{\"u}cke, orale Erinnerungen und ethnografische Beobachtungen aus dem Kontext der Menaka-Tournee durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland zusammengetragen. Das Buch beschreibt den Rekonstruktionsprozess eines bedeutsamen Projekts der indischen Tanzmoderne. Es verfolgt dabei eine Methode, mit der sich die fragmentierten Dokumente des Medienereignisses als Spur lesen lassen und nutzt eine k{\"u}nstlerisch-forschende Involvierung in gegenw{\"a}rtige Erinnerungspolitiken, in welche die verflochtenen Strukturen der k{\"u}nstlerischen Avantgarde zwischen Kolkata, Mumbai und Berlin hineinreichen. Die Spur des Menaka-Ballett erweist sich dabei als Teil weitreichender ideologischer, t{\"a}nzerischer, musikalischer, filmischer und literarischer Str{\"o}mungen, die auch in gegenw{\"a}rtigen kulturellen Bestimmungen fortwirken. Fotografien, Zeitungsberichte, Film- und Tonaufnahmen, Briefe und pers{\"o}nliche Erinnerungst{\"u}cke erz{\"a}hlen davon, wie sich, vor dem Hintergrund der im antikolonialen Aufbruch befindlichen Kulturreform in Indien, und der nationsozialistisch-v{\"o}lkischen Kulturpolitik in Deutschland, die T{\"a}nzerinnen und Musiker der indischen Ballettgruppe und die deutsche {\"O}ffentlichkeit im gegenseitigen Spiegel betrachteten, w{\"a}hrend die Vorzeichen des kommenden Krieges immer deutlicher wurden.}, subject = {Menaka }, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Partschefeld, author = {Partschefeld, Stephan}, title = {Synthese von Fließmitteln aus St{\"a}rke und Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung mit Portlandzement}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4640}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220505-46402}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {145}, abstract = {Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, neuartige Fließmittel auf Basis von St{\"a}rke als nachwachsenden Rohstoff zu synthetisieren und die Wechselwirkung mit Portlandzement zu charakterisieren. Die Notwendigkeit, Alternativen zu synthetischen Zusatzmittel zu erforschen, ergibt sich aus der ben{\"o}tigten Menge zur Verarbeitung von ca. 4,1 Gt/a, wobei ca. 85 \% der Zusatzmittel auf die Fließmittel entfallen. Um Fließmittel aus St{\"a}rke zu synthetisieren, wurden drei Basisst{\"a}rken unterschiedlicher Herkunft verwendet. Es wurde eine Maniokst{\"a}rke mit einer niedrigen Molekularmasse und eine Weizenst{\"a}rke mit einer hohen Molekularmasse verwendet. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurde eine Kartoffelst{\"a}rke mit einer mittleren Molekularmasse, die ein Abfallprodukt der kartoffelverarbeitenden Industrie darstellt, genutzt. Die St{\"a}rkefließmittel wurden durch chemische Modifikation in einem zweistufigen Prozess synthetisiert. Im ersten Schritt wurde das Molekulargewicht der Weizen- und Kartoffelst{\"a}rke durch s{\"a}urehydrolytischen Abbau verringert. F{\"u}r die kurzkettige Maniokst{\"a}rke war eine Degradation der Molekularmasse nicht notwendig. Im zweiten Syntheseschritt wurden anionische Ladungen durch das Versetzen der degradierten St{\"a}rken und Maniokst{\"a}rke mit Natriumvinylsulfonat in die St{\"a}rkemolek{\"u}le eingef{\"u}hrt. Beurteilung der Synthesemethode zur Erzeugung von St{\"a}rkefließmitteln In diesem Zusammenhang sollten molekulare Parameter der St{\"a}rkefließmittel gezielt eingestellt werden, um eine Fließwirkung im Portlandzement zu erhalten. Insbesondere die Molekularmasse und die Menge anionischer Ladungen sollte variiert werden, um Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten mit der Dispergierleistung zu identifizieren. 1. Es konnte durch GPC-Messungen gezeigt werden, dass die Molekularmasse der langkettigen Weizenst{\"a}rke durch die gew{\"a}hlten Modifizierungsbedingungen zum s{\"a}urehydrolytischen Abbau verringert werden konnte. Durch Variation der s{\"a}urehydrolytischen Bedingungen wurden 4 degradierte Weizenst{\"a}rken erzeugt, die eine Reduzierung der Molekularmasse um 27,5 - 43 \% aufwiesen. Die Molekularmasse der Kartoffelst{\"a}rke konnte durch s{\"a}urehydrolytischen Abbau um ca. 26 \% verringert werden. 2. Durch PCD-Messungen wurde gezeigt, dass anionische Ladungen durch Sulfoethylierung der freien Hydroxylgruppen in die degradierten St{\"a}rken eingef{\"u}hrt werden konnten. Durch Variation der Dauer der Sulfoethylierung konnte die Menge der anionischen Ladungen gesteuert und gezielt variiert werden, so dass St{\"a}rkefließmittel mit steigender Ladungsmenge in folgender Reihenfolge synthetisiert wurden: W-3 < W-2 < K-1 < W¬-4 < W¬1 < M-1 Im Ergebnis der chemischen Modifizierung konnten 6 St{\"a}rkefließmittel mit variierten Molekularmassen und anionischen Ladungen erzeugt werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Herkunft der St{\"a}rke f{\"u}r die chemische Modifizierung unerheblich ist. Die Fließmittel lagen synthesebedingt als basische, w{\"a}ssrige Suspensionen mit Wirkstoffgehalten im Bereich von 23,5 - 50 \% vor. Beurteilung der Dispergierleistung der synthetisierten St{\"a}rkefließmittel Die Dispergierperformance wurde durch rheologische Experimente mit einem Rotationsviskosimeter erfasst. Dabei wurden der Einfluss auf die Fließkurven und die Viskosit{\"a}tskurven betrachtet. Durch Vergleich der Dispergierleistung mit einem Polykondensat- und einem PCE-Fließmittel konnte eine Einordnung und Bewertung der Fließmittel vorgenommen werden. 3. Die rheologische Experimente haben gezeigt, dass die St{\"a}rkefließmittel eine vergleichbar hohe Dispergierleistung aufweisen, wie das zum Vergleich herangezogen PCE-Fließmittel. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigte sich, dass die Fließwirkung der 6 St{\"a}rkefließmittel gegen{\"u}ber dem Polykondensatfließmittel deutlich h{\"o}her ist. Das aus der Literatur bekannte Einbrechen der Dispergierleistung der Polykondensat-fließmittel bei w/z-Werten < 0,4 konnte best{\"a}tigt werden. 4. Alle 6 St{\"a}rkefließmittel f{\"u}hrten zu einer Verringerung der Fließgrenze und der dynamischen Viskosit{\"a}t des Zementleimes bei einem w/z-Wert von 0,35. 5. Der Vergleich der Dispergierleistung der St{\"a}rkefließmittel untereinander zeigte, dass die anionische Ladungsmenge einen Schl{\"u}sselparameter darstellt. Die St{\"a}rkefließmittel M-1, K-1, W-1 und W-4 mit anionischen Ladungsmengen > 6 C/g zeigten die h{\"o}chste Dispergier¬performance. Die vergleichend herangezogenen klassischen Fließmittel wiesen anionische Ladungsmengen im Bereich von 1,2 C/g (Polycondensat) und 1,6 C/g (PCE) auf. Die Molekularmasse schien f{\"u}r die Dispergierleistung zun{\"a}chst unerheblich zu sein. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Basisweizenst{\"a}rke erneut chemisch modifiziert, indem anionische Ladungen eingef{\"u}hrt wurden, ohne die Molekularmasse jedoch zu verringern. Das St{\"a}rkederivat wies verdickende Eigenschaften im Zementleim auf. Daraus konnte geschlussfolgert werden, dass eine definierte Grenzmolekularmasse (150.000 Da) existiert, die unterschritten werden muss, um Fließmittel aus St{\"a}rke zu erzeugen. Des Weiteren zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass durch die chemische Modifizierung sowohl Fließmittel als auch Verdicker aus St{\"a}rke erzeugt werden k{\"o}nnen. Beurteilung der Beeinflussung der Hydratation und der Porenl{\"o}sung des Portlandzementes Aus der Literatur ist bekannt, dass Fließmittel die Hydratation von Portlandzement maßgeblich beeinflussen k{\"o}nnen. Aus diesem Grund wurden kalorimetrische und konduktometrische Untersuchungen an Zementsuspensionen, die mit den synthetisierten St{\"a}rkefließmitteln versetzt wurden, durchgef{\"u}hrt. Erg{\"a}nzt wurden die Untersuchungen durch Porenl{\"o}sungsanalysen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Hydratation. 6. Die kalorimetrischen Untersuchungen zur Beeinflussung der Hydratation des Portlandzementes zeigten, dass die dormante Periode durch die Zugabe der St{\"a}rkefließmittel z.T. erheblich verl{\"a}ngert wird. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass, je h{\"o}her die anionische Ladungsmenge der St{\"a}rkefließmittel ist, desto l{\"a}nger dauert die dormante Periode andauert. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigte sich, dass eine niedrige Molekularmasse der St{\"a}rkefließmittel die Verl{\"a}ngerung der dormanten Periode beg{\"u}nstigt. 7. Durch die konduktometrischen Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass alle St{\"a}rkefließmittel die Dauer des freien- und diffusionskontrollierten CSH-Phasenwachstums verlangsamen. Insbesondere die Ausf{\"a}llung des Portlandits, welches mit dem Erstarrungsbeginn korreliert, erfolgt zu deutlich sp{\"a}teren Zeitpunkten. Des Weiteren korrelierten die konduktometrischen Untersuchungen mit der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Calciumkonzentration der Porenl{\"o}sungen. Der Vergleich der St{\"a}rkefließmittel untereinander zeigte, dass die Molekularmasse ein Schl{\"u}sselparameter ist. Das St{\"a}rkefließmittel M-1 mit der geringsten Molekularmasse, welches geringe Mengen kurzkettiger Anhydroglucoseeinheiten aufweist, verz{\"o}gert die Hydratphasenbildung am st{\"a}rksten. Diese Wirkung ist vergleichbar mit der von Zuckern. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus deuteten die Ergebnisse daraufhin, dass die St{\"a}rkefließmittel auf den ersten Hydratationsprodukten adsorbieren, wodurch die Hydratphasenbildung verlangsamt wird. Die kalorimetrischen und konduktometrischen Daten sowie die Ergebnisse der Porenl{\"o}sungsanalytik des Zementes, erforderten eine genauere Betrachtung der Beeinflussung der Hydratation der Klinkerphasen C3A und C3S, durch die St{\"a}rkefließmittel. Demzufolge wurden die Untersuchungen mit den Klinkerphasen C3A und C3S in Analogie zum Portlandzement durchgef{\"u}hrt. Beurteilung der Beeinflussung der Hydratation und der Porenl{\"o}sung des C3A W{\"a}hrend die kalorimetrischen Untersuchungen zur C3A-Hydratation eine Tendenz zur verlangsamten Hydratphasenbildung durch die St{\"a}rkefließmittel aufzeigten, lieferten die konduktometrischen Ergebnisse grundlegende Erkenntnisse zur Beeinflussung der C3A-Hydratation. Das Stadium I der C3A-Hydratation ist durch einen Abfall der elektrischen Leitf{\"a}higkeit gepr{\"a}gt. Dies korreliert mit dem Absinken der Calciumionenkonzentration und dem Anstieg der Aluminiumionenkonzentration in der Porenl{\"o}sung der C3A-Suspensionen. Im Anschluss an das Stadium I bildet sich ein Plateau in den elektrischen Leitf{\"a}higkeitskurven aus. 8. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die St{\"a}rkefließmittel das Stadium I der C3A-Hydratation, d.h. die Aufl{\"o}sung und Bildung erster Calciumaluminathydrate verlangsamen. Insbesondere die St{\"a}rkefließmittel mit h{\"o}herer Molekularmasse erh{\"o}hten die Dauer des Stadium I. Das Stadium II wird durch die St{\"a}rkefließmittel in folgender Reihenfolge am st{\"a}rksten verl{\"a}ngert: M-1 > W-3 > K-1 > W-2 ≥ W-4 und verdeutlicht, dass keine Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der anionischen Ladungsmenge identifiziert werden konnte. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass speziell die kurzkettige St{\"a}rke M-1, das Stadium II l{\"a}nger aufrechterhalten. 9. Das Stadium III und IV der C3A-Hydratation wird insbesondere durch die St{\"a}rkefließmittel mit h{\"o}herer Molekularmasse verl{\"a}ngert. Die Ergebnisse der Porenl{\"o}sungsanalytik korrelieren mit den Ergebnissen der elektrischen Leitf{\"a}higkeit. Speziell die zeitlichen Verl{\"a}ufe der Calciumionenkonzentration bildeten die Verl{\"a}ufe der Konduktivit{\"a}tskurven der C3A-Hydratation mit großer {\"U}bereinstimmung ab. Beurteilung der Beeinflussung der Hydratation und der Porenl{\"o}sung des C3S Die Ergebnisse der kalorimetrischen Untersuchungen zur Beeinflussung der C3S-Hydratation durch die St{\"a}rkefließmittel zeigen, dass diese maßgeblich verlangsamt wird. Das Maximum des Haupthydratationspeaks wird zu sp{\"a}teren Zeiten verschoben und auch die H{\"o}he des Maximums wird deutlich verringert. Durch die konduktometrischen Experimente wurde aufgekl{\"a}rt, welche Stadien der C3S-Hydrataion beeinflusst wurden. 10. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die Menge der eingebrachten anionischen Ladungen als auch das Vorhandensein sehr kleiner St{\"a}rkefließmittelmolek{\"u}le (Zucker), Schl{\"u}sselparameter der verz{\"o}gerten Hydratationskinetik des C3S sind. Der grundlegende Mechanismus der Hydratationsverz{\"o}gerung beruht auf einer Kombination aus verminderter CSH-Keimbildung und Adsorptionsprozessen auf den ersten gebildeten CSH-Phasen der C3S-Partikel. Beurteilung des Adsorptionsverhaltens am Zement, C3A und C3S Die Bestimmung des Adsorptionsverhaltens der St{\"a}rkefließmittel erfolgte mit der Phenol-Schwefels{\"a}ure-Methode an Zement,- C3A- und C3S-Suspensionen. Durch den Vergleich der Adsorptionsraten und Adsorptionsmengen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von den molekularen Parametern der St{\"a}rkefließmittel wurde ein Wechselwirkungsmodell identifiziert. 11. Die Ursache f{\"u}r die hohe Dispergierleistung der St{\"a}rkefließmittel liegt in Adsorptionsprozessen an den ersten gebildeten Hydratphasen des Zementes begr{\"u}ndet. Die Molekularmasse der St{\"a}rkefließmittel ist ein Schl{\"u}sselparameter der entscheidend f{\"u}r den Mechanismus der Adsorption ist. W{\"a}hrend anionische, langkettige St{\"a}rken an mehreren Zementpartikeln gleichzeitig adsorbieren und f{\"u}r eine Vernetzung der Zementpartikel untereinander sorgen (Verdickerwirkung), adsorbieren kurzkettige anionische St{\"a}rken lediglich an den ersten gebildeten Hydratphasen der einzelnen Zementpartikel und f{\"u}hren zu elektrostatischer Abstoßung (Fließmittelwirkung). 12. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die St{\"a}rkefließmittel mit geringerem Molekulargewicht bei h{\"o}heren Konzentrationen an den Hydratphasen des Zementes adsorbieren. Die St{\"a}rkefließmittel mit h{\"o}herer Molekularmasse erreichen bei einer Zugabemenge von 0,7 \% ein Plateau. Daraus wird geschlussfolgert, dass die gr{\"o}ßeren Fließmittelmolek{\"u}le einen erh{\"o}hten Platzbedarf erfordern und zur Abs{\"a}ttigung der hydratisierenden Oberfl{\"a}chen bei geringeren Zugabemengen f{\"u}hren. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass die St{\"a}rkefließmittel mit h{\"o}herer anionischer Ladungsmenge zu h{\"o}heren Adsorptionsmengen auf den Zement-, C3A- und C3S-Partikeln f{\"u}hren. 13. Die Adsorptionsprozesse finden an den ersten gebildeten Hydratphasen der C3A-Partikel statt, wodurch sowohl die Aufl{\"o}sung des C3A als auch die Bildung der Calciumhydroaluminate verlangsamt wird. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurde festgestellt, dass die Verlangsamung des freien- und diffusionskontrollierten Hydratphasenwachstums des C3S, durch die Adsorption der St{\"a}rkefließmittel auf den ersten gebildeten CSH-Phasen hervorgerufen wird. Des Weiteren wurde festgestellt, dass sehr kleine zucker{\"a}hnliche Molek{\"u}le in der kurzkettigen Maniokst{\"a}rke in der Lage sind, die Bildung der ersten CSH-Keime zu unterdr{\"u}cken. Dadurch kann die langanhaltende Plateauphase der elektrischen Leitf{\"a}higkeit der C3S-Hydratation erkl{\"a}rt werden. Beurteilung der Porenstruktur- und Festigkeitsausbildung Die Beurteilung der Qualit{\"a}t der Mikrostruktur erfolgte durch die Bestimmung der Rohdichte und der Porenradienverteilung mit Hilfe der Quecksilberhochdruckporosimetrie. Durch das Versetzen der Zementleime mit den St{\"a}rkefließmitteln konnten bei gleichbleibender Verarbeitbarkeit Zementsteinprobek{\"o}rper mit einem um 17,5 \% geringeren w/z-Wert von 0,35 hergestellt werden. Die Absenkung des w/z-Wertes f{\"u}hrt zu einem Anstieg der Rohdichte des Zementsteins. 14. Durch die Zugabe der St{\"a}rkefließmittel und den verringerten w/z-Wert wird die Porenstruktur der Zementsteinproben im Vergleich zum Referenzzementstein verfeinert, da die Gesamtporosit{\"a}t sinkt. Insbesondere der Kapillarporenanteil wird verringert und der Gelporenanteil erh{\"o}ht. Im Unterschied zu den PCE-Fließmitteln f{\"u}hrt die Zugabe der St{\"a}rkefließmittel zu keinem erh{\"o}hten Eintrag von Luftporen. Dies wiederum hat zur Folge, dass bei der Verwendung der St{\"a}rkefließmittel auf Entsch{\"a}umer verzichtet werden kann. 15. Entsprechend der dichteren Zementsteinmatrix wurden f{\"u}r die Zementsteine mit den St{\"a}rkefließmitteln nach 7 d und 28 d, erh{\"o}hte Biegezug- und Druckfestigkeiten ermittelt. Insbesondere die 28 d Druckfestigkeit wurde durch den verringerten w/z-Wert um die Faktoren 3,5 - 6,6 erh{\"o}ht.}, subject = {Bauchemie}, language = {de} } @article{SoebkeLueck, author = {S{\"o}bke, Heinrich and L{\"u}ck, Andrea}, title = {Framing Algorithm-Driven Development of Sets of Objectives Using Elementary Interactions}, series = {Applied System Innovation}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Applied System Innovation}, number = {Volume 5, issue 49, article 49}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/asi503004}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220524-46469}, pages = {1 -- 21}, abstract = {Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an established methodology to support the decision-making of multi-objective problems. For conducting an MCDA, in most cases, a set of objectives (SOO) is required, which consists of a hierarchical structure comprised of objectives, criteria, and indicators. The development of an SOO is usually based on moderated development processes requiring high organizational and cognitive effort from all stakeholders involved. This article proposes elementary interactions as a key paradigm of an algorithm-driven development process for an SOO that requires little moderation efforts. Elementary interactions are self-contained information requests that may be answered with little cognitive effort. The pairwise comparison of elements in the well-known analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is an example of an elementary interaction. Each elementary interaction in the development process presented contributes to the stepwise development of an SOO. Based on the hypothesis that an SOO may be developed exclusively using elementary interactions (EIs), a concept for a multi-user platform is proposed. Essential components of the platform are a Model Aggregator, an Elementary Interaction Stream Generator, a Participant Manager, and a Discussion Forum. While the latter component serves the professional exchange of the participants, the first three components are intended to be automatable by algorithms. The platform concept proposed has been evaluated partly in an explorative validation study demonstrating the general functionality of the algorithms outlined. In summary, the platform concept suggested demonstrates the potential to ease SOO development processes as the platform concept does not restrict the application domain; it is intended to work with little administration moderation efforts, and it supports the further development of an existing SOO in the event of changes in external conditions. The algorithm-driven development of SOOs proposed in this article may ease the development of MCDA applications and, thus, may have a positive effect on the spread of MCDA applications.}, subject = {Operations Research}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Yousefi, author = {Yousefi, Hassan}, title = {Discontinuous propagating fronts: linear and nonlinear systems}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4717}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220922-47178}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {356}, abstract = {The aim of this study is controlling of spurious oscillations developing around discontinuous solutions of both linear and non-linear wave equations or hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). The equations include both first-order and second-order (wave) hyperbolic systems. In these systems even smooth initial conditions, or smoothly varying source (load) terms could lead to discontinuous propagating solutions (fronts). For the first order hyperbolic PDEs, the concept of central high resolution schemes is integrated with the multiresolution-based adaptation to capture properly both discontinuous propagating fronts and effects of fine-scale responses on those of larger scales in the multiscale manner. This integration leads to using central high resolution schemes on non-uniform grids; however, such simulation is unstable, as the central schemes are originally developed to work properly on uniform cells/grids. Hence, the main concern is stable collaboration of central schemes and multiresoltion-based cell adapters. Regarding central schemes, the considered approaches are: 1) Second order central and central-upwind schemes; 2) Third order central schemes; 3) Third and fourth order central weighted non-oscillatory schemes (central-WENO or CWENO); 4) Piece-wise parabolic methods (PPMs) obtained with two different local stencils. For these methods, corresponding (nonlinear) stability conditions are studied and modified, as well. Based on these stability conditions several limiters are modified/developed as follows: 1) Several second-order limiters with total variation diminishing (TVD) feature, 2) Second-order uniformly high order accurate non-oscillatory (UNO) limiters, 3) Two third-order nonlinear scaling limiters, 4) Two new limiters for PPMs. Numerical results show that adaptive solvers lead to cost-effective computations (e.g., in some 1-D problems, number of adapted grid points are less than 200 points during simulations, while in the uniform-grid case, to have the same accuracy, using of 2049 points is essential). Also, in some cases, it is confirmed that fine scale responses have considerable effects on higher scales. In numerical simulation of nonlinear first order hyperbolic systems, the two main concerns are: convergence and uniqueness. The former is important due to developing of the spurious oscillations, the numerical dispersion and the numerical dissipation. Convergence in a numerical solution does not guarantee that it is the physical/real one (the uniqueness feature). Indeed, a nonlinear systems can converge to several numerical results (which mathematically all of them are true). In this work, the convergence and uniqueness are directly studied on non-uniform grids/cells by the concepts of local numerical truncation error and numerical entropy production, respectively. Also, both of these concepts have been used for cell/grid adaptations. So, the performance of these concepts is also compared by the multiresolution-based method. Several 1-D and 2-D numerical examples are examined to confirm the efficiency of the adaptive solver. Examples involve problems with convex and non-convex fluxes. In the latter case, due to developing of complex waves, proper capturing of real answers needs more attention. For this purpose, using of method-adaptation seems to be essential (in parallel to the cell/grid adaptation). This new type of adaptation is also performed in the framework of the multiresolution analysis. Regarding second order hyperbolic PDEs (mechanical waves), the regularization concept is used to cure artificial (numerical) oscillation effects, especially for high-gradient or discontinuous solutions. There, oscillations are removed by the regularization concept acting as a post-processor. Simulations will be performed directly on the second-order form of wave equations. It should be mentioned that it is possible to rewrite second order wave equations as a system of first-order waves, and then simulated the new system by high resolution schemes. However, this approach ends to increasing of variable numbers (especially for 3D problems). The numerical discretization is performed by the compact finite difference (FD) formulation with desire feature; e.g., methods with spectral-like or optimized-error properties. These FD methods are developed to handle high frequency waves (such as waves near earthquake sources). The performance of several regularization approaches is studied (both theoretically and numerically); at last, a proper regularization approach controlling the Gibbs phenomenon is recommended. At the end, some numerical results are provided to confirm efficiency of numerical solvers enhanced by the regularization concept. In this part, shock-like responses due to local and abrupt changing of physical properties, and also stress wave propagation in stochastic-like domains are studied.}, subject = {Partielle Differentialgleichung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schnoes, author = {Schn{\"o}s, Christian Emanuel}, title = {Handlungsressourcen von zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren in Planungsprozessen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4634}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220505-46346}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {273}, abstract = {Diese Dissertation untersucht Handlungsressourcen von zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren in Planungsprozessen um innerst{\"a}dtische Planungsverfahren. Den theoretischen Rahmen bilden die Kapitalarten von Pierre Bourdieu, die zusammen mit dem Matrixraum von Dieter L{\"a}pple zu einem neuen Feldbegriff des ‚Raumfeldes' zusammengef{\"u}hrt und operationalisiert wurden. Es handelt sich um eine qualitative Arbeit, die zwischen Stadtsoziologie und Urbanistik zu verorten ist. Als Fallbeispiele wurde die Erweiterung des Berliner Mauerparks sowie das Baugebiet „So! Berlin" in Berlin gew{\"a}hlt.}, subject = {Zivilgesellschaft}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Torres, author = {Torres, C{\´e}sar}, title = {El paisaje de la Cuenca Lechera Central Argentina: la huella de la producci{\´o}n sobre el territorio}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4683}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220803-46835}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {427}, abstract = {In recent times, the study of landscape heritage acquires value by virtue of becoming an alternative to rethink regional development, especially from the point of view of territorial planning. In this sense, the Central Argentine Dairy Basin (CADB) is presented as a space where the traces of different human projects have accumulated over centuries of occupation, which can be read as heritage. The impact of dairy farming and other productive activities has shaped the configuration of its landscape. The main hypothesis assumed that a cultural landscape would have been formed in the CADB, whose configuration would have depended to a great extent on the history of productive activities and their deployment over the territory, and this same history would hide the keys to its alternative. The thesis approached the object of study from descriptive and cartographic methods that placed the narration of the history of territory and the resources of the landscape as a discursive axis. A series of intentional readings of the territory and its constituent parts pondered the layers of data that have accumulated on it in the form of landscape traces, with the help of an approach from complementary dimensions (natural, sociocultural, productive, planning). Furthermore, the intersection of historical sources was used in order to allow the construction of the territorial story and the detection of the origin of the landscape components. A meticulous cartographic work also helped to spatialise the set of phenomena and elements studied, and was reflected in a multiscalar scanning.}, subject = {Landschaft}, language = {es} } @phdthesis{Zacharias, author = {Zacharias, Christin}, title = {Numerical Simulation Models for Thermoelastic Damping Effects}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4735}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221116-47352}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {191}, abstract = {Finite Element Simulations of dynamically excited structures are mainly influenced by the mass, stiffness, and damping properties of the system, as well as external loads. The prediction quality of dynamic simulations of vibration-sensitive components depends significantly on the use of appropriate damping models. Damping phenomena have a decisive influence on the vibration amplitude and the frequencies of the vibrating structure. However, developing realistic damping models is challenging due to the multiple sources that cause energy dissipation, such as material damping, different types of friction, or various interactions with the environment. This thesis focuses on thermoelastic damping, which is the main cause of material damping in homogeneous materials. The effect is caused by temperature changes due to mechanical strains. In vibrating structures, temperature gradients arise in adjacent tension and compression areas. Depending on the vibration frequency, they result in heat flows, leading to increased entropy and the irreversible transformation of mechanical energy into thermal energy. The central objective of this thesis is the development of efficient simulation methods to incorporate thermoelastic damping in finite element analyses based on modal superposition. The thermoelastic loss factor is derived from the structure's mechanical mode shapes and eigenfrequencies. In subsequent analyses that are performed in the time and frequency domain, it is applied as modal damping. Two approaches are developed to determine the thermoelastic loss in thin-walled plate structures, as well as three-dimensional solid structures. The realistic representation of the dissipation effects is verified by comparing the simulation results with experimentally determined data. Therefore, an experimental setup is developed to measure material damping, excluding other sources of energy dissipation. The three-dimensional solid approach is based on the determination of the generated entropy and therefore the generated heat per vibration cycle, which is a measure for thermoelastic loss in relation to the total strain energy. For thin plate structures, the amount of bending energy in a modal deformation is calculated and summarized in the so-called Modal Bending Factor (MBF). The highest amount of thermoelastic loss occurs in the state of pure bending. Therefore, the MBF enables a quantitative classification of the mode shapes concerning the thermoelastic damping potential. The results of the developed simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results and are appropriate to predict thermoelastic loss factors. Both approaches are based on modal superposition with the advantage of a high computational efficiency. Overall, the modeling of thermoelastic damping represents an important component in a comprehensive damping model, which is necessary to perform realistic simulations of vibration processes.}, subject = {Werkstoffd{\"a}mpfung}, language = {en} } @techreport{Zanders, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Zanders, Theresa}, title = {Teilhabe an Gesundheitsversorgung von aufenthaltsrechtlich illegalisierten Menschen in Deutschland}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.6396}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230530-63968}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Die Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland ist seit den Bismarckschen Sozialreformen ein zunehmend institutionalisierter Teil der staatlichen Daseinsvorsorge im wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Gef{\"u}ge. Institutionalisiert ist die Gesundheitsversorgung in korporatistischer Logik, das heißt in kooperativen Beziehungen zum privatwirtschaftlichen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Sektor und mit Befugnissen der Selbstverwaltung. Zudem fußt das Gesundheitssystem auf einem Versicherungssystem mit lohnabh{\"a}ngigen Abgaben. Institutionalisiert ist die staatliche Daseinsvorsorge jedoch auch in seinen Ausschl{\"u}ssen. So werden Menschen ohne B{\"u}rgerrechte von vielen sozialen Rechten, wie von der Gesundheitsversorgung, ausgeschlossen, obwohl dieser Ausschluss im Widerspruch zu anderen konstitutiven Elementen des Nationalstaats steht. In diesem Working Paper werden die grundlegende Strukturen des deutschen Gesundheitssystems und darin innewohnende Funktionslogiken der Produktion von Teilhabe dargestellt. Abschließend werden in Anlehnung an Kronauer die verschiedenen Dimensionen von Teilhabe an Gesundheitsversorgung in ihrer Produktions- und Ausschlusslogik im Wohlfahrtsregime dargelegt dabei auf die Gruppe der aufenthaltsrechtlich Illegalisierten fokussiert, denen gesellschaftliche Teilhabe in vielen Lebensbereichen, wie auch stark im Gesundheitsbereich, untersagt wird. Gleichzeitig soll dargestellt werden, wie zivilgesellschaftliche Akteur*innen auch gegen staatliche Vorgaben oder Anreize, Teilhabe (wieder-)herstellen.}, subject = {Gesundheit}, language = {de} } @techreport{Raab, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Raab, Susanna}, title = {Ern{\"a}hrungsgerechtigkeit im deutschen Wohlfahrtsregime. Teilhabe und Ausschl{\"u}sse}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.6395}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230530-63952}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Ern{\"a}hrung bestimmt unser t{\"a}gliches Leben. Sie erf{\"u}llt in erster Linie die physiologische Notwendigkeit unseren K{\"o}rper am Leben zu halten und ist gleichzeitig Alltagspraxis, durch welche gesamtgesellschaftliche Strukturen sichtbar werden. Innerhalb dieser Alltagspraxen erf{\"u}llt Ern{\"a}hrung vor allem eine wichtige Funktion in der Herstellung gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe oder kann strukturelle Ausschl{\"u}sse und soziale Ungleichheit bedingen. Dem Wohlfahrtsregime kommt somit eine wichtige Aufgabe in der Grundversorgung der Bev{\"o}lkerung zu und muss innerhalb der Daseinsvorsorge auf Ausschl{\"u}sse von ern{\"a}hrungsbezogener Teilhabe einzelner Bev{\"o}lkerungsschichten eingehen und sozialer Ungleichheit entgegenwirken. In diesem Working Paper soll der Fragestellung nachgegangen werden, inwiefern Teilhabe bzw. strukturelle Ausschl{\"u}sse von Ern{\"a}hrung innerhalb des bundesdeutschen Wohlfahrtsregimes hergestellt werden und durch welche politischen Praktiken und Forderungen aus der Zivilgesellschaft bzw. sozialen Bewegungen ern{\"a}hrungsvermittelte Teilhabe (wieder) hergestellt wird.}, subject = {Ern{\"a}hrung}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Hoinkis, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Hoinkis, Jule Hannah}, title = {Hitze in der Stadt Jena}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4632}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220414-46323}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit den spezifischen Faktoren und Wechselwirkungen des st{\"a}dtischen Klimas und Strategien zur Pr{\"a}vention und Kompensation lokaler Klimaver{\"a}nderungen. Problematische Merkmale des Stadtklimas werden sich infolge des Klimawandels st{\"a}rker auspr{\"a}gen. Insbesondere die Hitzebelastung wird zunehmen und die Lebensbedingungen in der Stadt negativ beeinflussen. Infolge h{\"o}herer Temperaturen in St{\"a}dten und einer h{\"o}heren Temperaturdifferenz zum Umland ver{\"a}ndern sich Windstr{\"o}me und die Wasserbilanz. Es sind Strategien notwendig, um den Schadstoffausstoß, die Fl{\"a}cheninanspruchnahme, die Abfallproduktion und den Wasser-, Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauch zu verringern, um sowohl langfristig den Klimawandel als auch dessen bereits unvermeidbaren Auswirkungen auf St{\"a}dte zu begrenzen. Beispielhaft untersucht die Arbeit das Stadtklima, dessen zuk{\"u}nftige Ver{\"a}nderungen infolge des Klimawandels, bauliche Maßnahmen und Anpassungsstrategien der Stadt Jena. Jena ist die zweitgr{\"o}ßte Stadt im Bundesland Th{\"u}ringen und geh{\"o}rt heute zu den w{\"a}rmsten und trockensten Großst{\"a}dten Deutschlands. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit werden anschließend anhand eines st{\"a}dtebaulichen Konzepts und Entwurfs angewendet. Das Bachstraßenareal liegt in der Innenstadt, dem am st{\"a}rksten von Hitze betroffenen Stadtteil. Als ehemaliger Hauptstandort des Jenaer Universit{\"a}tsklinikums, soll es zu einem nachhaltigen Wissenschaftscampus der Lebenswissenschaften umgebaut werden, wobei ein Großteil der denkmalgesch{\"u}tzten, ehemaligen Klinikgeb{\"a}ude erhalten bleibt. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Umsetzung der zuvor formulierten, nachhaltigen Strategien zur Verbesserung des lokalen Stadtklimas und einer Abschw{\"a}chung der Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf den besonders stark betroffenen Innenstadtbereich Jenas.}, subject = {Hitze}, language = {de} } @misc{Vollmer, author = {Vollmer, Lisa}, title = {Aber das sind doch die Guten - oder? Wohnungsgenossenschaften in Hamburg. Rezension zu Jo-scha Metzger (2021): Genossenschaften und die Wohnungsfrage. Konflikte im Feld der Sozialen Wohnungswirtschaft. M{\"u}nster: Westf{\"a}lisches Dampfboot}, series = {sub\urban. zeitschrift f{\"u}r kritische stadtforschung}, volume = {2022}, journal = {sub\urban. zeitschrift f{\"u}r kritische stadtforschung}, number = {Band 10, Nr. 1}, publisher = {sub\urban e. V.}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.36900/suburban.v10i1.795}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220713-46691}, pages = {261 -- 267}, abstract = {Warum werden in aktuellen Diskussionen Wohnungsgenossenschaften immer wieder als zentrale Akteure einer gemeinwohlorientierten Wohnraumversorgung benannt - obwohl sie kaum zur Schaffung neuen bezahlbaren Wohnraums beitragen? Warum wehrt sich die Mehrzahl der Wohnungsgenossenschaften mit H{\"a}nden und F{\"u}ßen gegen die Wiedereinf{\"u}hrung eines Gesetzes zur Wohnungsgemeinn{\"u}tzigkeit, obwohl es doch gerade dieses Gesetz war, dass sie im 20. Jahrhundert zu im internationalen Vergleich großen Unternehmen wachsen ließ? Sind Wohnungsgenossenschaften nun klientilistische, wenig demokratische und nur halb dekommodifizierte Marktteilnehmer oder wichtiger Teil der Wohnungsversorgung der unteren Mittelschicht? Wer Antworten auf diese und andere Fragen sucht und Differenziertheit in ihrer Beantwortung aush{\"a}lt, lese Joscha Metzers Dissertation „Genossenschaften und die Wohnungsfrage.}, subject = {Gentrifizierung}, language = {de} } @article{MoscosoKraus, author = {Moscoso, Caridad and Kraus, Matthias}, title = {On the Verification of Beams Subjected to Lateral Torsional Buckling by Simplified Plastic Structural Analysis}, series = {ce/papers}, volume = {2022}, journal = {ce/papers}, number = {Volume 5, Issue 4}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1002/cepa.1835}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230124-48782}, pages = {914 -- 923}, abstract = {Plastic structural analysis may be applied without any difficulty and with little effort for structural member verifications with regard to lateral torsional buckling of doubly symmetric rolled I sections. Suchlike analyses can be performed based on the plastic zone theory, specifically using finite beam elements with seven degrees of freedom and 2nd order theory considering material nonlinearity. The existing Eurocode enables these approaches and the coming-up generation will provide corresponding regulations in EN 1993-1-14. The investigations allow the determination of computationally accurate limit loads, which are determined in the present paper for selected structural systems with different sets of parameters, such as length, steel grade and cross section types. The results are compared to approximations gained by more sophisticated FEM analyses (commercial software Ansys Workbench applying solid elements) for reasons of verification/validation. In this course, differences in the results of the numerical models are addressed and discussed. In addition, results are compared to resistances obtained by common design regulations based on reduction factors χlt including regulations of EN 1993-1-1 (including German National Annex) as well as prEN 1993-1-1: 2020-08 (proposed new Eurocode generation). Concluding, correlations of results and their advantages as well as disadvantages are discussed.}, subject = {Stahl}, language = {en} } @article{AicherBoermelLondongetal., author = {Aicher, Andreas and B{\"o}rmel, Melanie and Londong, J{\"o}rg and Beier, Silvio}, title = {Vertical green system for gray water treatment: Analysis of the VertiKKA-module in a field test}, series = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, number = {Volume 10 (2022), article 976005}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2022.976005}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230124-48840}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {This work presents a modular Vertical Green System (VGS) for gray water treatment, developed at the Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar. The concept was transformed into a field study with four modules built and tested with synthetic gray water. Each module set contains a small and larger module with the same treatment substrate and was fed hourly. A combination of lightweight structural material and biochar of agricultural residues and wood chips was used as the treatment substrate. In this article, we present the first 18 weeks of operation. Regarding the treatment efficiency, the parameters chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP), ortho-phosphate (ortho-P), total bound nitrogen (TNb), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) were analyzed and are presented in this work. The results of the modules with agricultural residues are promising. Up to 92\% COD reduction is stated in the data. The phosphate and nitrogen fractions are reduced significantly in these modules. By contrast, the modules with wood chips reduce only 67\% of the incoming COD and respectively less regarding phosphates and the nitrogen fraction.}, subject = {Grauwasser}, language = {en} } @book{BreuerBartFreieretal., author = {Breuer, Johannes and Bart, Marlene and Freier, Alex Leo and R{\"u}nker, Maximilian and Jakubek, Kristin and Rubiano, Juan and Groos, Cora and Š{\´a}lek, Martin and Fritz, Henrieke and Kokkinidou, Eirini and Richter, Fabian and Liu, Ani and Held, Tobias and Moses, Gabriel S and Blasius, Clara Maria and Sp{\aa}ng, Fanny and Bencicova, Evelyn and R{\"u}ckeis, Julia and Thurow, Katharina and Maas, Frederike and Farf{\´a}n, Vanessa and Tikka, Emilia and Lee, Sang and Holzheu, Stefanie}, title = {Atlas der Datenk{\"o}rper. K{\"o}rperbilder in Kunst, Design und Wissenschaft im Zeitalter digitaler Medien}, volume = {2022}, editor = {Breuer, Johannes and Bart, Marlene and Freier, Alex Leo}, publisher = {transcript Verlag}, address = {Bielefeld}, issn = {2750-7483}, doi = {10.1515/9783839461785}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220411-46248}, publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, pages = {172}, abstract = {Digitale Technologien und soziale Medien ver{\"a}ndern die Selbst- und K{\"o}rperwahrnehmung und verzerren, verst{\"a}rken oder produzieren dabei spezifische K{\"o}rperbilder. Die Beitr{\"a}ger*innen kartographieren diese Ph{\"a}nomene, fragen nach ihrer medialen Existenzweise sowie nach den M{\"o}glichkeiten ihrer Kritik. Dabei begegnen sie ihrer Neuartigkeit mit einer transdisziplin{\"a}ren Herangehensweise. Aus sowohl der Perspektive k{\"u}nstlerischer und gestalterischer Forschung als auch der Kunst-, Kultur- und Medienwissenschaft sowie der Psychologie und Neurowissenschaft wird die Landschaft rezenter K{\"o}rperbilder und Techniken einer digitalen K{\"o}rperlichkeit untersucht.}, subject = {K{\"o}rperbild}, language = {de} }