@article{KangMiranda2004, author = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo}, title = {Physics Based Model for Simulating the Dynamics of Tower Cranes}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.240}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2409}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lehmann2004, author = {Lehmann, Steffen}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Bewertung von Verbundbauteilen aus Brettstapelelementen im Fl{\"a}chenverbund mit mineralischen Deckschichten}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041216-2479}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Zur Verbindung des fl{\"a}chigen Bauteils Brettstapelelement mit mineralischer Deckschicht sind bisher kaum geeignete einfachste Fugenausbildungen untersucht. Bei dieser biegebeanspruchten hybriden Verbundkombination bietet das zugbeanspruchte Holz und die druckbeanspruchte mineralische Deckschicht im Verbund ein g{\"u}nstigeres Biegetragverhalten und verbessert im Vergleich zum reinen Brettstapeldeckenelement dessen Eigenschaften. F{\"u}r die Steifigkeit und die Tragf{\"a}higkeit der Verbundkonstruktion ist die Ausbildung der Verbundfuge, die effektive {\"U}bertragung der Schubkraft ausschlaggebend. Die vom Verfasser der Arbeit durchgef{\"u}hrten Versuche haben gezeigt, dass der Einsatz alternativer Verbundfugenausf{\"u}hrungen grunds{\"a}tzlich m{\"o}glich ist. Mit diesem Wissen scheint neben dem Einsatz nachgiebiger Verbindungsmittel auch die Heranziehung, Erfassung und Optimierung des Fl{\"a}chen- sowie Reibungsverbundes zwischen fl{\"a}chigen Holzelementen und mineralischen Deckschichten eine effiziente und sichere Fugenausbildung darzustellen. F{\"u}r weiterreichende und genauere Aussagen, sind neben der versuchstechnischen Abkl{\"a}rung der Wirksamkeit m{\"o}glicher chemischer als auch mechanischer Modifikationen der Holzoberfl{\"a}che in der Verbundfuge computergest{\"u}tzte Kurzzeit- sowie auch Langzeituntersuchungen zur Absch{\"a}tzung der M{\"o}glichkeiten und Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit des Fl{\"a}chenverbundes zwischen Brettstapelelement und mineralischer Deckschicht unabdingbar gewesen. Als Deckschichtvarianten kamen Normalbeton, Zementestrich, Anhydritestrich und Geopolymerbeton zur Anwendung. Es konnte durch eine statistische Auswertung im Resultat ein Gesamt{\"u}berblick {\"u}ber das Tragverhalten von hybriden Verbundelementen mit mineralischen Deckschichten und spezieller Oberfl{\"a}chenbehandlung des Holzes gegeben werden. Dabei wirkten sich die Vorteile bei der Nutzung des Fl{\"a}chenverbundes vor allem auf den Gebrauchszustand des Bauteils aus. Die Steifigkeit des Verbundbauteils wurde durch den Fl{\"a}chenverbund erh{\"o}ht und es wurden damit g{\"u}nstigere Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r den Nachweis der Gebrauchstauglichkeit vor allem bei Spannweiten {\"u}ber 5,0 m erzielt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen die grundlegende Anwendbarkeit f{\"u}r Brettstapel im Fl{\"a}chenverbund mit mineralischen Baustoffen.}, subject = {Holzbau}, language = {de} } @article{GaoWuRen2004, author = {Gao, Zuoren and Wu, Weiyu and Ren, Aizhu}, title = {Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{ShihLee2004, author = {Shih, Naai-Jung and Lee, Wen-Pang}, title = {Particle Simulation and Evaluation of Personal Exposure to Contaminant Sources in an Elevation Space}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.237}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2376}, year = {2004}, abstract = {An elevator, which figures a small volume, is normally used by everyone for a short period of time and equipped with simple ventilation system..Any contaminant released within it may cause serious problem. This research adapt a fire and smoke simulation software (FDS) into non-fire indoor airflow scario. Differently from previous research, particles are chosen as a risk evalution unit. A personal and multi-personal exposure model is proposed. The model takes the influence of the human thermal boundary, coughing, inhalation, exhalation, standing position, and the fan factor into account. The model is easy-to-use and suitable for the design of elevator system in practice.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{VogelBreitMaerki2004, author = {Vogel, Manfred and Breit, Manfred and M{\"a}rki, Fabian}, title = {Optimization of 4D Process Planning using Genetic Algorithms}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.236}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2360}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The presented work focuses on the presentation of a discrete event simulator which can be used for automated sequencing and optimization of building processes. The sequencing is based on the commonly used component-activity-resource relations taking structural and process constraints into account. For the optimization a genetic algorithm approach was developed, implemented and successfully applied to several real life steel constructions. In this contribution we discuss the application of the discrete event simulator including its optimization capabilities on a 4D process model of a steel structure of an automobile recycling facility.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{NeubergFankEkkerlein2004, author = {Neuberg, Frank and Fank, Ernst and Ekkerlein, Christian}, title = {Integrated Life Cycle Simulation and Assessment of Buildings}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.235}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2351}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Buildings require both for construction and, due to their comparatively long life cycle for maintenance, significant raw material and energy resources. So far available knowledge about resource consumption during an entire life cycle of a building is still quite rare, because various criteria affect each other and/or overlay mutually. In this contribution a model based software concept is presented using an integrated approach for life cycle simulation and assessment of buildings. The essential point of the development consists of connecting an IFC compliant product model of a building via the Internet with data bases for the resource and energy requirement of building materials. Furthermore, numerical simulations allow calculating and minimizing the energy consumption, the resource requirement, the waste streams and also the noxious emissions. In the context of this paper we present the first release of software programs for architects and engineers, which help them to evaluate their design decisions objectively in early planning steps. Additionally the usage of the software is demonstrated by a test case study for a real world building. By applying this software in practice a substantial contribution for saving energy and natural resources can be provided in the sense of sustainable and ecological building design.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{Makanae2004, author = {Makanae, Koji}, title = {Highway Sequence Editor based on the Length-based Highway Product Model}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.234}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2347}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The highway product model based on the length information of the centerline, and the application system is developed. This paper shows the schema and the modeling process of the product model, which includes geometric elements such as an alignment, lanes, sidewalks, shoulders and sprits, and accessories such as guard fences, plantings and signs. Furthermore, The Highway Sequence Editor (HSE) is developed as an application system to verify the model.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{StaubFrench2004, author = {Staub-French, Sheryl}, title = {Feature-based Product Modeling for Building Construction}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.233}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2331}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Current building product models explicitly represent components, attributes of components, and relationships between components. These designer-focused product models, however, do not represent many of the design conditions that are important for construction, such as component similarity, uniformity, and penetrations. Current design and construction tools offer limited support for detecting these construction-specific design conditions. This paper describes the ontology we developed using the manufacturing concept of features to represent the design conditions that are important for construction. The feature ontology provides the blueprint for the additions and changes needed to transform a standard product model into a constructionspecific product model. The ontology formalizes three classes of features, defines the attributes and functions of each feature type, and represents the relationships between features explicitly. The descriptive semantics of the ontology allows practitioners to represent their varied preferences for naming features, specifying features that result from component intersections and the similarity of components, and grouping features that affect a specific construction domain. A software prototype that implements the ontology enables practitioners to transform designer-focused product models into feature-based product models that represent the construction perspective.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{BargstaedtBlickling2004, author = {Bargst{\"a}dt, Hans-Joachim and Blickling, Arno}, title = {Effective cost estimate and construction processes with 3D interactive technologies: Towards a virtual world of construction sites}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.232}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2320}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The development of 3D technologies during the last decades in many different areas, leads us towards the complete 3D representation of planet earth on a high level of detail. On the lowest level we have geographical information systems (GIS) representing the outer layer of our planet as a 3D model. In the meantime these systems do not only give a geographical model but also present additional information like ownership, infrastructure and others that might be of interest for the construction business. In future these systems will serve as basis for virtual environments for planning and simulation of construction sites. In addition to this work is done on the integration of GIS systems with 3D city models in the area of urban planning and thus integration of different levels of detail. This article presents research work on the use of 3D models in construction on the next level of detail below the level of urban planning. The 3D city model is taken as basis for the 3D model of the construction site. In this virtual nD-world a contractor can organize and plan his resources, simulate different variants of construction processes and thus find out the most effective solution for the consideration of costs and time. On the basis of former researches the authors present a new approach for cost estimation and simulation using development technologies from game software.}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} } @article{KangMiranda2004, author = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo}, title = {Automated Simulation of the Erection Activities in Virtual Construction}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.231}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2310}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The goal of the research is the development of a computer system to plan, simulate and visualize erection processes in construction. In the research construction cranes are treated as robots with predefined degrees of freedom and crane-specific motion planning techniques are developed to generate time-optimized and collision-free paths for each piece to be erected in the project. Using inverse kinematics and structural dynamics simulation, the computer system then computes the crane motions and velocities necessary to achieve the previously calculated paths. The main benefits of the research are the accurate planning and scheduling of crane operations leading to optimization of crane usage and project schedules, as well as improving overall crane safety in the project. This research is aimed at the development of systems that will allow computer-assisted erection of civil infrastructure and ultimately to achieve fully-automated erection processes using robotic cranes...}, subject = {Produktmodell}, language = {en} }