@phdthesis{Yuli,
  author    = {Yuli, Nensi Golda},
  title     = {The Spatial Concept at Moslem Settlements in Current Context of Modern Indonesia Using Phenomenology Method . Case Study: Pathok Negoro Area in Yogyakarta, Indonesia},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3125},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170419-31257},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {206},
  abstract  = {Settlement is human place to live and do various activities (Finch, 1980). Concept of settlement layout is closely associated with human and a set of thoughts and behaviors. In this case, idea of pattern of activities in a society that is core of a culture becomes main factor in process of formation of houses and environment in a settlement. Factors which affecting form (physical) of architecture in a settlement environment are socio-cultural, economic, and religious determinant factor that manifested architectural realization (Rapoport, 1969). Yogyakarta as the continuation of kingdom city in the Java Island finally exists as an Islamic kingdom that still remain to survive up to now. Impacts of this issue is appearance of various Moslem settlements to support typical character of an Islamic Kingdom. Mlangi is an area of oldest Moslem settlements in Yogyakarta has not been explored in details for progress especially in physical glasses recently. Everything basic group and individual who arrange houses and residences, starts from how it has spatial concept alone. Although concept is a very abstract thing to explain in details, but its existence can be detected by how they created their physical environment. This research conducted by these research questions: (1) What are spatial concepts owned by people in Mlangi and (2) How do spatial concepts owned by the people affect the settlements pattern? Process to search spatial concept owned by the people in Moslem residence, making Mlangi as study area, was approached by using phenomenological research method. The researcher have to self-involved directly in unstructured interviews, but remained in guideline framework of in interviews to make research process effective. Fistly, the researcher interviewed the key person, they are the head of Mlangi administration (pak Dukuh) in Mlangi and Sawahan. They were then give advices to who was capable person that could draw the spatial concept and had many story and knew the history of the settlements. Step by step of interview guided from one informant to next informant when the information had been told repeatedly. The next informant based on the last informant advice or who had close relationship with the last theme appeared. To complete the narration and draw the result of interview, researcher have to add additional information with photograph and descriptive picture that can be draw the settlement empirically. In process, 17 information units which found in field were consistent with sequence of interview events and flowing of theme to theme associated with Moslem residence of residence. Finally the interviews succeeded in abstracting 16 themes that may be classified into historic, socio-cultural, and spatial-concept dimensions in Mlangi. Process of analysis to find spatial concept owned by the people in Moslem settlements was carried out by dialogue of themes to find available substantive relationship. Four concepts successfully analyzed consist of concepts of personage, concept of religious implementation, concept of Jero-Jaba and concept of Interest. The four concepts are really associated with one and others in understanding how spatial concept owned by the people affects residence they occupy. Yet, concept of Jero-Jaba bases all concepts of people in Mlangi . This concept can be used to draw red yarn on how they utilize communal spaces in residence and layout rooms of their individual houses. This concept also eternalize residence patterns existing in Mlangi now where residence does not experience many changes from starting of this residence existence (from detection of generation currently still living), namely residence patterns concentrate on orientation to Masjid Pathok Negoro of Mlangi. This research was opening the potential research area, at least for the sociology, anthropology and demography research interest. So many unique character in Mlangi if looked at from how they maintain their spatial concept and manifested in their daily activities. How the people will concern only for the religious activities and the economic concern only for survival aspect in live. Keywords: spatial concept, moslem settlements, phenomenology method, Indonesia,},
  subject      = {Siedlung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Torres,
  author    = {Torres, C{\´e}sar},
  title     = {El paisaje de la Cuenca Lechera Central Argentina: la huella de la producci{\´o}n sobre el territorio},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4683},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220803-46835},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {427},
  abstract  = {In recent times, the study of landscape heritage acquires value by virtue of becoming an alternative to rethink regional development, especially from the point of view of territorial planning. In this sense, the Central Argentine Dairy Basin (CADB) is presented as a space where the traces of different human projects have accumulated over centuries of occupation, which can be read as heritage. The impact of dairy farming and other productive activities has shaped the configuration of its landscape. The main hypothesis assumed that a cultural landscape would have been formed in the CADB, whose configuration would have depended to a great extent on the history of productive activities and their deployment over the territory, and this same history would hide the keys to its alternative. The thesis approached the object of study from descriptive and cartographic methods that placed the narration of the history of territory and the resources of the landscape as a discursive axis. A series of intentional readings of the territory and its constituent parts pondered the layers of data that have accumulated on it in the form of landscape traces, with the help of an approach from complementary dimensions (natural, sociocultural, productive, planning). Furthermore, the intersection of historical sources was used in order to allow the construction of the territorial story and the detection of the origin of the landscape components. A meticulous cartographic work also helped to spatialise the set of phenomena and elements studied, and was reflected in a multiscalar scanning.},
  subject      = {Landschaft},
  language  = {es}
}
@phdthesis{Tomadoni,
  author    = {Tomadoni, Claudia Elizabeth},
  title     = {DESARROLLO URBANO POSFORDISTA EN UN TERRITORIO POSSOCIALISTA : Una ciudad-regi{\´o}n en una regi{\´o}n de ciudades: Weimar},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2031},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130904-20312},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {324},
  abstract  = {Abstract Die Forschungsfrage der Arbeit lautet: Wie gestaltet sich die urbane Reproduktionslogik einer mittleren Stadt im Kontext postfordistischer Territorien? Und warum l{\"a}sst sich diese Logik als postfordistische Stadtentwicklung bezeichnen? Was mit dieser Forschung erkl{\"a}rt werden soll, ist, wie die besondere Form der {\"U}berschneidung der Territorialit{\"a}ten - Faktoren und Strategien der Agenten - und die Synergien, die sich daraus ableiten, die Stadtentwicklung Weimars charakterisieren. Das allgemeine Ziel der Arbeit ist, das Typus der erreichten postfordistischen Stadtentwicklung, einer mittlere Stadt am Beispiel der Stadt Weimar zu interpretieren. Die spezifischen Ziele sind: die geohistorische Kontextualisierung der Stadtregion Weimar; die Analyse der Faktoren und Strategien, die die Stadtentwicklung erm{\"o}glichen, aber auch bedingen; die Konstellation der sozialen Agenten zu identifizieren, die im Governance-Prozess mitwirken, und die resultierenden urbanen Synergien zu erforschen. F{\"u}r diese Arbeit wurde eine qualitative Forschungsmethodologie angewendet, die auf Sekund{\"a}rliteraturrecherche, lokalen Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen (Regionalpresse und Brosch{\"u}ren), Feldbeobachtungen, Lebensraumanalyse und Interviews basiert. Diese Methodologie wurde quantitativ mit der Analyse von Statistiken erg{\"a}nzt. Ein wichtiger Beitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Definition der postfordistische Stadtentwicklung als eine Modalit{\"a}t der urbanen Reproduktion im Kontext der kapitalistischen Produktionsbeziehungen, die charakterisiert durch flexible Produktion, Tertiarisierung der {\"o}ffentlichen Dienstleistungen, Erschaffung neuer territorialen Regulierungsebenen, Flexibilisierung der urbanen Arbeitsm{\"a}rkte, und Pr{\"a}karisierung der Lebensbedingungen. Diesen Typus von St{\"a}dten weisen tiefwirkende Ver{\"a}nderungen auf. Es sind St{\"a}dte im {\"U}bergang, dessen sozialen Agenten sich versuchen anzupassen und/oder zu reagieren auf die Herausforderungen die diese Ver{\"a}nderungen aufzwingen. Diese Ver{\"a}nderungen, Ergebnis der schnellen Prozesse der Deindustrialisierung und/oder Reindustrialisierung, haben der Teilverlust der urbanen {\"o}konomischen Grundlage bedeutet, und in einer Restrukturierung, die sich auf eine Dienstleistungs{\"o}konomie basiert.},
  subject      = {Stadtentwicklung},
  language  = {es}
}
@phdthesis{Smirnova,
  author    = {Smirnova, Elena},
  title     = {"Kennst du das Land, wo bl{\"u}ht Oranienbaum?" - A Case Study on Strategic and Territorial Planning in St. Petersburg (Russia)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3255},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170711-32556},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  abstract  = {The research examines the system of strategic and territorial planning of St. Petersburg focusing on Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) as its case study. The study provides the analysis of the planning documentation developed for the city in the post-Soviet period. In particular, it elaborates on the currently enforced Strategy of Economic and Social Development of St. Petersburg-2030 (2014) and the City General Plan (2005), discussing the aspects of their development and implementation, as well as complex interrelation. Thereby, peculiarities of the spatial development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration are also investigated, elaborating on the state policy on agglomerations, historic development of St. Petersburg and relations with the Leningrad Region, governance and imbalances of the St. Petersburg spatial development, including proposed development scenarios. Consequently, the study employs a highly indicative case of the Lomonosov town municipal unit aiming to illustrate the practical implementation of administrative, territorial and strategic policies in a given context within a system of the state planning adopted in St. Petersburg, in particular, taking into consideration recently proclaimed necessity for the transition to a polycentric city model following an innovative scenario for the socioeconomic and spatial development. In particular, Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) is explored egarding its current socio-economic situation and development scenarios: industrial site and cultural tourism. The Oranienbaum museum and nature-reserve is also thoroughly assessed with regard to its cultural tourism potential. Finally, the urban environment of Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) is comprehensively scrutinized in terms of its historic development, residential housing typology, UNESCO World Heritage preservation and local urban heritage. In conclusion, the data on Lomonosov present in the St. Petersburg strategic and territorial planning documents is provided.},
  subject      = {Lomonossow},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{RodriguezSchaeffer,
  author    = {Rodr{\´i}guez Schaeffer, Alan Paul},
  title     = {Lighting in urban heritage: case study of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2421},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20150630-24217},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {327},
  abstract  = {As human thought was developing, likewise, the technology used for illumination was growing. But a haul through history, reviewing its pages and analyzing it, inherently brings up old and new question, like: Is it possible to alter negatively the image of historic buildings and monuments through inadequate lighting to the degree of distorting the perception that people have of the work? and if so, what are the causes that generate it? Do the light designers take into consideration criteria to protect not only historic buildings and monuments, but also the environment? What are the consequences that may generate the inadequate lighting of urban heritage to the environment? What are the factors to consider for a proper illumination of urban heritage? The answers to these questions will help lay the foundation for proper illumination of the urban heritage, avoiding at the maximum the light pollution and the effects that it generates, seeking a balance and harmonious reconciliation between the technology, urban heritage and environment, taking as a framework and the case study the urban heritage of a city from the colonial era in southern Mexico, with pre-Hispanic roots and where today you can still see through its streets and buildings an atmosphere of mysticism reflection of their folklore and traditions, this city is known as Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas.},
  subject      = {Konservierung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{OrtizAlvis,
  author    = {Ortiz Alvis, Alfredo},
  title     = {Urban Agoraphobia: The pursuit of security within confined community ties. Urban-ethnographic analysis on gated housing developments of Guadalajara, Mexico.},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4723},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20221005-47234},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {436},
  abstract  = {The Gated Community (GC) phenomenon in Latin American cities has become an inherent element of their urban development, despite academical debate, their approach thrives within the housing market; not surprisingly, as some of the premises on which GCs are based, namely safety, control and supervision intersperse seamlessly with the insecure conditions of the contexts from which they arise. The current security crisis in Mexico, triggered in 2006 by the so-called war on drugs, has reached its peak with the highest insecurity rates in decades, representing a unique chance to study these interactions. Although the leading term of this research, Urban Agoraphobia, implies a causal dichotomy between the rise in the sense of fear amongst citizens and housing confinement as lineal consequence, I acknowledge that GCs represent a complex phenomenon, a hub of diverse factors and multidimensional processes held on four fundamental levels: global, social, individual and state-related. The focus of this dissertation is set on the individual plane and contributes, from the analysis of the GC's resident's perspective, experiences and perceptions, to a debate that has usually been limited to the scrutiny of other drivers, disregarding the role of dweller's underlying fears, motivations and concerns. Assuming that the current ruling security model in Mexico tends to empower its commodification rather than its collective quality, this research draws upon the use of a methodological triangulation, along conceptual and contextual analyses, to test the hypothesis that insecurity plays an increasingly major role, leading citizens into the belief that acquiring a household in a controlled and surveilled community represents a counterweight against the feared environment of the open city. The focus of the analysis lies on the internal hatch of community ties as potential palliative for the provision of a sense of security, aiming to transcend the unidimensional discourse of GCs as defined mainly by their defensive apparatus. Residents' perspectives acquired through ethnographical analyses may provide the chance to gain an essential view into a phenomenon that further consolidates without a critical study of its actual implications, not only for Mexican cities, but also for the Latin American and global contexts.},
  subject      = {Agoraphobie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Oroz,
  author    = {Oroz, Gonzalo},
  title     = {Die Wege der Ungleichheit. Eine Studie {\"u}ber die Beziehung zwischen sozial-r{\"a}umlicher Segregation und Verkehrsinfrastruktur. Der Fall Santiago de Chile},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2924},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170412-29244},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {353},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen des Baus von neuen Stadtautobahnen in Santiago de Chile. Ziel der Studie ist, die Ver{\"a}nderungen im Segregationsmuster der Hauptstadt Chiles, die durch den Bau dieser Autobahnen entstanden sind, zu beschreiben. Die Arbeit betrachtet die Entstehung von Segregationsmustern als kulturell-historisches Ph{\"a}nomen urbaner Bedeutung, weswegen die Entwicklung der Stadt Santiago und deren Segregationsmuster nicht nur aus der Perspektive der Stadtsoziologie und der Stadtgeographie, sondern auch aus einer historischen Perspektive analysiert wird. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit auf der Wechselbeziehung zwischen Verkehrsinfrastruktur und sozial-r{\"a}umlicher Verteilung der verschiedenen sozialen Gruppen. Die Entstehung der neuen Stadtautobahnen in Santiago de Chile l{\"a}sst sich nur durch eine mehrdimensionale Betrachtung erkl{\"a}ren. Diese Bauten und die besondere Art in der sie gebaut und betrieben werden, konnten nur durch die Einf{\"u}hrung von Konzessionsmechanismen innerhalb einer neoliberalen Markwirtschaft entstehen. In diesem sozial-{\"o}konomischer Rahmen, bei dem die B{\"u}rger lediglich als potenzielle Kunden betrachtet werden, sind die Infrastrukturbauten - darunter auch die Stadtautobahnen - maßgeschneiderte Produkte f{\"u}r eine Minderheit. Dieses Konzept hat gravierende Folgen f{\"u}r das Sozialgef{\"u}ge der Stadt Santiago. Die Folgen der Einf{\"u}hrung der Stadtautobahnen auf das Segregationsmuster und das Sozialgef{\"u}ge der Hauptstadt Chiles werden anhand zweier Fallstudien veranschaulicht. Mittels einer mehrschichtigen qualitativen Methodik werden die Auswirkungen des Baus von Stadtautobahnen im Armenviertel »Santo Tom{\´a}s« des s{\"u}dlichen Stadtbezirk »La Pintana« und im elit{\"a}ren »Condominio La Reserva« im n{\"o}rdlichen Ausdehnungsgebiet »Chacabuco« analysiert. Anschließend wird ein neues Beschreibungsmodell f{\"u}r die lateinamerikanische Stadt vorgeschlagen; das »symbiotische Stadtmodell« st{\"u}tzt sich zum gr{\"o}ßten Teil auf den Ausbau des Autobahnnetzes.},
  subject      = {Segregation},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Ma2006,
  author    = {Ma, Hang},
  title     = {"Villages" in Shenzhen- Persistence and Transformation of an Old Social System in an Emerging Megacity},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.771},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060806-8094},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In the history of 'villages' in Shenzhen, rich traditional cultural resources that are directly related to the folk life in urban corporate community still exist today, synchronously agricultural economy of urban corporate community is transformed into joint-stock economy, and natural villages are transformed into 'heterogeneous' space of city. The most significant fact in the modern social transition is that modern societies have surpassed traditional societies, and cities have surpassed the country. Weber, Durkheim, T{\"o}nnies, Simmel and others devoted themselves to cultivating the essence of social transition. The most influential theory to observe and analyze it is the two-tiered approach of ideal type. T{\"o}nnies made distinction between 'Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft', Durkheim distinguished 'mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity', and Redfield analyzed 'folk society and urban society'. In those classical theories, the former transit to the later is considered to be a general rule of transition from traditional society to modern society, and from traditional community to modern community. However, ever since Redfield used the dependent relationship and interactive framework of 'great tradition' and 'little tradition' to explain various complicated phenomena in the transition from tradition to modern in 1950s, he suggested that a folk-urban continuum can be formed in the transition from folk society to urban society. 'Both terms, 'city' and 'country', are not and have never been limited or restricted to their obvious denotations: 'city' is not and has never been only urban. As a category it always encompasses (includes, embodies, embraces) itself and its opposite, the country' (Hassenpflug 2002, 46). Generally, social groups and culture characterized by weak 'potential' will take their own 'little tradition' as 'bridge' and agency, in order to enter or melt themselves into a 'great tradition' that embodies great 'potential' to seek for space to live and develop. There are many different types of transitions that villagers enter and get melt into 'great tradition' through their individual 'little tradition'. There are exploration and development of traditional resources in 'segmentation', such as the frequent relation between a great flow of peasants to cities and the network of kinship, and of earthbound relations; alternatively, there are assistances and utilization of resources of a whole corporate network, such as the traditional corporate community's organization of local resources during the process of non-agriculturization of villages; and 'villages' in Shenzhen is of the latter situation. The following conclusion can be made based on the above analyses: urban corporate community formed in the process of non-agricultural development and urbanization is an organizing dependency on which villagers melt into city and adapt to urban life. The unique inner-structure and function determine that comparing with other organizations, it has a better performance, efficiency and more humanity care. Firstly, corporate community which is re-organized in the non-agricultural process currently is the only and the most effective organizational resources that can be utilized and has significant meanings in protecting villagers' interest and benefit; secondly, in the short term, other approaches do not have the advantage and the effect as urban corporate community has on the focusing degree of public affairs in the comprehensive urbanization process; thirdly, the 'new' key connotation of urban corporate community, including its community management functions, is the main reason for which such community has the rationality of being; fourthly, urban corporate community will inevitably face many problems in the urbanization due to its inner fixed characteristics (lack of external support), but to a certain degree it has the ability to self-repair and problem solving under the precondition that, the government and society have a fair, impersonal view of 'villages', and base on this view providing multi-supports, especially providing rational system arrangement and policy supports. Consequently, in order to preserve and protect social system and cultural heritage within the 'villages', and gradually make the coordinative development of 'great tradition' represented by cities and of 'little tradition' represented by 'villages', 'soft reconstruction' rather than 'hard reconstruction' should be adopted by the government, during the recent reconstruction of 'villages' in Shenzhen.},
  subject      = {China},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Long,
  author    = {Long, Jiang},
  title     = {The spatial formation and transformation of Chinese rural clan settlements : A case study of Furong and Cangpo villages in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1818},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130117-18187},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {285, 275},
  abstract  = {This dissertation attempts to describe, analyze and evaluate how the settlement spaces of Chinese clans in rural areas were shaped by local clan lives in ancient times and transformed along with the transition of those clan organizations in modern China. In approaching this subject, two major questions are raised: what was the role of ancient Chinese rural clans in the spatial formation of their settlements and, nowadays, do they still play the same role as before? To approach these answers, this dissertation sets out to draw on systematically interdisciplinary research from the perspectives of socio-culture and architecture- planning to have an overall understanding of a Chinese clan organization and clan settlement. Then, the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese clans and their importance to the Chinese people are discussed by tracing the history and evolution of Chinese clan organizations in the dissertation. Two old villages, Furong and Cangpo in now Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, are selected for case study research. And the research reveals that it was the clans that took charge of planning and managing the various construction activities, especially those of communal buildings and facilities, within their own settlements, and the clan lives exerted a decisive impact on shaping the settlement spaces, branding the characteristics of the clan lives clearly and deeply on the spaces. Following that, in the dissertation is described the transformation process of traditional Chinese clans in modern and contemporary China. The clan lives in rural areas have been reshaped and this exerts a great impact on clan settlement spaces. It is shown in the case studies of Furong and Cangpo.},
  subject      = {Sattlement},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Liu2006,
  author    = {Liu, Chong},
  title     = {The Contemporary Development of Qingdao's Urban Space - The Perspective of Civil Society's Participation in Chinese Urban Planning},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.855},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20070818-9159},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The main hypothesis of this research is that civil society's participation is able to improve the planning results in the Chinese city of Qingdao in the contemporary age. Qingdao is a young city developed from a German colony in eastern China. Apart from the powers of the government and the market, the 'third power', including mainly the power of volunteer citizens and the citizens' organisations, also positively promoted the spatial development in Qingdao's history. Since 1978's reform, Qingdao's great progress in urban housing, historic preservation, public space and urban traffic results mainly from the increasing strength of both the government and the market, while the government has always been the dominant promoter for urban construction. The actual planning mechanism - the government formulates 'what to do' itself and decides 'how to do it' with the market - has much limit in reacting to the rapidly changing situation, serving diversified social interests, and raising sufficient funds for the city's urgent demands in Qingdao. Searching for new development strategies based on the understanding of civil society in the Chinese context can provide a promising perspective on the urban studies of Qingdao. Chinese civil society can be understood as the intermediate sphere of individuals, families, citizen's organisations, social movements, public communication, and of the non-governmental body's non-for-profit involvement for the provision of public services between the state and the market. China has its own cultural tradition of civil society, and the modern civil society in China is showing its great potential in improving social integration and urban life. The Chinese government has started to advocate for civil society's participation in urban construction, and encouraging the 'bottom-up' mechanism in the planning-related issues through political statements and legislative approaches since the last two decades. The existing planning practice in China is able to demonstrate that civil society's participation helps improve the quality of Chinese urban planning realistically under present conditions, and that moderation of planning experts and the push of the authority are the key factors for successfully integrating the strength of civil society in planning. However, the power of civil society is not yet sufficiently discovered in Qingdao's planning. For better planning results, the city of Qingdao needs more initiatives to mobilize civil society in the planning practice, as well as more support to enrich the related studies. This thesis recommends that Qingdao establishes the 'Foundation for Collaborative Urban Solutions' through the joint efforts of the authority and civil initiatives, which aims at moderating and facilitating the strength of civil society. The suggested pilot projects include: a. The Community-based Housing Workshop for regenerating the living environment of the run-down communities, where the residents are willing to collaborate with the foundation with own efforts. b. The Heritage Preservation Workshop for suggesting an efficient supervision mechanism involving civil society which protects the historic heritage from being destroyed in the urban construction. c. The Public Space Forum for improving accessibility, quantity and ecologic function in the development of Qingdao's urban public space with the knowledge and creativity of both the government and the citizens. d. The Mass Transport Forum for a realistic strategy for funding the rail-based traffic system in Qingdao through enabling the civil society - especially the individual citizens and their households to invest. The 'Foundation of Collaborative Urban Solutions' is able to improve Qingdao's planning to cope with the urban problems the city are facing in its contemporary development, as well as to provide valuable reference for the further research of civil society's participation in Chinese urban planning.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}