@phdthesis{Spangenberg2009,
  author    = {Spangenberg, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Nature in Megacities: S{\~a}o Paulo/Brazil - A Case Study},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1437},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20101104-15238},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Studie analysiert Umweltdienstleistungen von st{\"a}dtischer Vegetation innerhalb der Stadtgrenzen einer Megacity durch maßstabs{\"u}bergreifende Modellierung und versucht ihren Nutzen n{\"a}herungsweise zu quantifizieren. Aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln werden die Vorteile (sowie die Herausforderungen) von in St{\"a}dte eingebetteter Natur f{\"u}r die Bev{\"o}lkerung aufgezeigt. Aus geographischer Sicht wird, hier am Fallbeispiel der Stadt S{\~a}o Paulo/ Brasilien, das Profil der Megast{\"a}dte in den niedrigen (tropischen) Breiten betrachtet. Im allgemeinen wird die st{\"a}dtische Vegetation dort von Bev{\"o}lkerung, Regierungen und {\"o}konomischen Strukturen vernachl{\"a}ssigt. Sie ist zwar sp{\"a}rlich vorhanden, wird aber kaum bewusst wahrgenommen.W{\"a}hrend der kurzen Geschichte rasanter Verst{\"a}dterung, die von massiver Umweltzerst{\"o}rung begleitet ist, wird Stadtgr{\"u}n im Disput um den Raum in St{\"a}dten wie S{\~a}o Paulo zum wahren Luxus. Nicht als R{\"u}ckentwicklung, sondern als Fortschritt, wird gezeigt, daß ein Ideal durch die Verflechtung zwischen Natur und Stadt dargestellt w{\"u}rde. Die n{\"a}herungsweise Quantifizierung der Variationen zwischen aktuellem Szenario und begr{\"u}nten Szenarien zeigt die Notwendigkeit das st{\"a}dtische Biom als ein vom Menschen dominiertes {\"O}kosystem neu zu {\"u}berdenken. Die Nutzen von st{\"a}dtischer Vegetation sind facettenreich. Diese Arbeit detailliert Vegetation als Katalysator des klimatischen und {\"o}kologischen Gleichgewichtes. Des weiteren behandlt sie aktuelle Themen wie Klimawandel, Energieeffizienz und thermische Behaglichkeit, sowie die Reinigung der nat{\"u}rlichen Ressourcen Boden, Wasser und Luft. Insbesondere da derzeit keine effizienten technischen L{\"o}sungen existieren, um die Umweltleistungen der Vegetation zu ersetzten. Diese Nutzen tragen zur Lebensqualit{\"a}t und in kontrastreichen Megast{\"a}dten insbesondere zu sozio-{\"o}kologischer Gerechtigkeit bei. Die Vegetation hat in St{\"a}dten zwei wichtige Dimensionen. Die funktionale Seite bringt konkrete, meßbare Umweltnutzen. Aus symbolischer Sicht repr{\"a}sentiert Vegetation Natur in St{\"a}dten, sowie urspr{\"u}ngliche Naturverbundenheit des Menschen. Zusammenfassend verteidigt die Studie die Wichtigkeit und Wertsch{\"a}tzung von Natur und die vereinigten Anstrengung f{\"u}r wirklich gr{\"u}ne St{\"a}dte, u.a. weil diese Arbeit zeigt, dass finanzielle Investitionen in st{\"a}dtische Vegetation sich direkt auf die Kosten f{\"u}r das Gesundheitssystem und die Infrastruktur auswirken. Die Stadtregierung S{\~a}o Paulo investierte 2008 umgerechnet 122 Millionen Euro (einhundertzweiundzwanzig Millionen Euro) in Stadtgr{\"u}n (und Umwelt), dass j{\"a}hrlich mindestens 665 Millionen Euro (Sechshunderf{\"u}nfundsechzig Millionen Euro) einspart. D.h. mit anderen Worten, dass jeder Euro 1 der in Pflanzung und Pflege von Stadtgr{\"u}n investiert wird, der Gesellschaft, und damit letzendlich den Einwohnern S{\~a}o Paulos, Ausgaben von mindestens 5 Euro f{\"u}r Gesundheit, den Bau von Regenwasserr{\"u}ckhaltebecken, Energie etc. einspart.},
  subject      = {Stadtgr{\"u}n},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Rausch,
  author    = {Rausch, Gabriel},
  title     = {Dreidimensionale Webanwendungen zur Verr{\"a}umlichung von Informationen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2702},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20161116-27029},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {204},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Potential von Webanwendungen in 3D zur Vermittlung von Informationen im Allgemeinen und zur Darstellung von st{\"a}dtebaulichen Zusammenh{\"a}ngen im Speziellen. Als grundlegender Faktor der visuellen und funktionalen Qualit{\"a}t - welche die Wahrnehmung des Nutzers direkt beeinflusst -, erfolgt die Bewertung der Machbarkeit von 3D Webinhalten unter Anwendung einer explorativen, qualitativen Evaluierung von Webagenturen. Darauf aufbauend wird das Potential von 3D Webanwendungen aus Nutzerperspektive untersucht, um Zusammenh{\"a}nge herstellen zu k{\"o}nnen: einerseits zwischen der Machbarkeit bei der Entwicklung und anderseits die Akzeptanzkriterien beim Rezipienten betreffend. Die empirische Studie, die mit dem Forschungspartner Bosch f{\"u}r diese Arbeit modelliert wurde, eruiert zum einen, inwiefern 3D im Vergleich zu 2D und 2,5D, und zum anderen WebGL im Vergleich zu bisherigen 3D Webtechnologien die visuelle Wahrnehmung und kognitive Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit des Nutzers beeinflusst. Die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung zeigen Parallelen zu bestehenden Studien aus web-fernen Bereichen. Um die Bedeutung von 3D Webanwendungen zur Verbesserung von Entscheidungsprozessen in Stadtplanungsprojekten ableiten zu k{\"o}nnen, werden Aspekte zur Interaktion und visuellen Wahrnehmung in den speziellen Kontext von Stadtplanungswerkzeugen gebracht. Dabei wird {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, ob sich web-basierte 3D Visualisierungen sinnvoll zur Vermittlung st{\"a}dtebaulicher Zusammenh{\"a}nge einbinden lassen und inwieweit bestehende Projekte, wie in dieser Arbeit beispielhaft das vom Fraunhofer IGD entwickelte Forschungsprojekt urbanAPI, die Technologie WebGL nutzen k{\"o}nnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll die Arbeit Akzeptanzkriterien und Nutzungsbarrieren von 3D Webanwendungen auf Basis der Technologie WebGL identifizieren, um einen Beitrag zur Machbarkeit von Webanwendungen und zur Entwicklung entsprechender Stadtplanungswerkzeuge zu leisten.},
  subject      = {WEB},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{ManzanoGomez,
  author    = {Manzano G{\´o}mez, Noel A.},
  title     = {The reverse of urban planning. Towards a 20th century history of informal urbanization in Europe and its origins in Madrid and Paris (1850-1940)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4569},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220119-45693},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {350},
  abstract  = {The objective of this thesis was to understand the 20th-century history of informal urbanisation in Europe and its origins in Madrid and Paris. The concept of informal urbanisation was employed to refer to the process of developing shacks and precarious single-family housing areas that were not planned by the public powers and were considered to be substandard because of their below-average materials and social characteristics. Our main hypothesis was that despite being a phenomenon with ancient roots, informal urbanisation emerged as a public problem and was subsequently prohibited in connection with another historical process occurred: the birth of contemporary urban planning. Therefore, its transformation into a deviant and illegal urban growth mechanism would have been a pan-European process occurring at the same pace that urban planning developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Analysing the 20th-century history of informal urbanisation in Europe was an ambitious task that required using a large number of sources. To contend with this issue, this thesis combined two main methods: historiographical research about informal urbanisation in Europe and archival research of two case studies, Madrid and Paris, to make the account more precise by analysing primary sources of the subject. Our research of these informal areas, which were produced mainly through poor private allotments and housing developed on land squats, revealed two key moments of explosive growth across Europe: the 1920s and 1960s. The near disappearance of informal urbanisation throughout the continent seemed to be a consequence not of the historical development of urban planning—which was commonly transgressed and bypassed—but of the exacerbation of global economic inequalities, permitting the development of a geography of privilege in Europe. Concerning the cases of Paris and Madrid, the origins of informal urbanisation—that is, the moment the issue started to be problematised—seemed to occur in the second half of the 19th century, when a number of hygienic norms and surveillance devices began to control housing characteristics. From that moment onwards, informal urbanisation areas formed peripheral belts in both cities. This growth became the object of an illegalisation process of which we have identified three phases: (i) the unregulated development of the phenomenon during the second half of the 20th century, (ii) the institutional production of "exception regulations" to permit a controlled development of substandard housing in the peripheral fringes of both cities, and (iii) the synchronic prohibition of informal urbanisation in the 1920s and its illegal reproduction.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lovsin,
  author    = {Lovsin, Polonca},
  title     = {Between the Urban and the Rural : Back to the city},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2402},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20150610-24020},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {236},
  abstract  = {Abstract This doctoral thesis defines the relationship between the urban and rural in the 21st century, and focuses on food as a key component. The fact that food is, for the most part, produced in the countryside and then transported to the city has a significant influence on this very unbalanced relationship today. The main goal was to show that it is necessary to bring agriculture, urban gardening, the breeding of domestic farm animals, and beekeeping back to the city, which would have a positive affect on both the city and the countryside. All of this is already taking place at the local level, within the neighbourhoods of our cities and through the work of self-organised activities and initiatives, which have been taken up by city residents themselves. One example of this is the community garden, a new model of gardening which offers fertile ground for growing vegetables and to test various forms of co-existence, different ways of designing spaces, the creation of alternative values, and a positive vision for the future of city residents. In 2010, I co-created the community urban garden Beyond a Construction Site, which is the central part of this artistic research. Throughout the entire four-year process of creating this community garden, theory and artistic practice were intertwined, and informed one another. This community garden is an example of a self-organised and self-managed community space located in a residential neighbourhood in the centre of the city of Ljubljana, and as such is a typical example of urbanism from the bottom up. I placed the creation and development of our community garden in a dialogue with the formal way of arranging urban gardening in Ljubljana, a top-down approach, which the city has been carrying out intensively since 2007. I compared the solutions being proposed by the city of Ljubljana for organising urban gardening with the way it is organised in other European cities, the UK, and the USA. I also researched the recent rapid growth of self-organised initiatives which are focused on the local production of food and seek to find more economic and ecologically friendly models to visibly influence the future of cities and the countryside. Here, community gardens play an important role, as in addition to the production of food they are also spaces for the criticism of existing urban policies, a self-organised revitalisation of neglected spaces, and places of resilience, because they differ from that which real estate agencies, large financial companies, and city authorities desire them to be. The community garden Beyond a Construction Site has become living proof that, through a group action, the residents of a neighbourhood can influence existing city policies and the future of both their own neighbourhood and that of the entire city. The initiators of this garden are artists and architects, and we began this community garden in the context of an art festival, which also shows that art can influence the processes of everyday life and help to create much needed spaces within cities to serve various purposes. Our community garden has also shown itself to be an important platform for the exchange of knowledge on organic gardening, ecology in everyday life, and critical architecture, as well as serving to connect related initiatives. Together with these other initiatives we are stronger, and are influencing structural changes within city politics, thereby also co-creating the future of Ljubljana. This community garden is helping us to redefine our relationship with the city and re-awaken the desires and actions of residents connected with realising their fundamental right, the right to the city. My other artworks, which I am presenting in the context of this doctoral thesis, show an optimistic vision for the future of cities. The video animations Back to the City (2011) and The Right Balance (2013), as well as the accompanying collages, visualise a city of the future where urban and rural practices live together side-by-side. This vision is being realised by city residents themselves, with their active participation in the creation of community gardens, growing their own vegetables, urban beekeeping, and by having egg-laying hens in their gardens. My desire was also to present the theoretical concept and scientific research to a non-academic public, and to people without specialised training. Using the method of storytelling I included knowledge from the research into the video animations and collages. In this way my artistic work, with an intentional playfulness, challenges today's faith in science and theoretical concepts, as well as directing attention to working with common sense, with one's own hands, and with the earth. This can contribute to a change in the still dominant anthropocentric view of nature, which is an urgently needed change for our future. Keywords: rural, urban agriculture, community gardens, urban beekeeping, the bottom-up approach to urban planning, alternative spaces},
  subject      = {Gemeinschaftsgarten},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Loos2000,
  author    = {Loos, Karina},
  title     = {Die Inszenierung der Stadt : Planen und Bauen in Weimar in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.48},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040225-502},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Die Stadt Weimar nimmt in der deutschen Geschichte und in deren Rezeption eine besondere Stellung ein. Sie steht als Metapher f{\"u}r verschiedene kulturhistorische Epochen. Seit der Jahrhundertwende avancierte sie zum komprimierten Spiegelbild deutscher Befindlichkeiten. F{\"u}r die Nationalsozialisten stellte Weimar eine wesentliche Station f{\"u}r ihren Aufstieg von M{\"u}nchen nach Berlin, einen erfolgreichen "Kampf- und Experimentierort" dar. Doch auch von 1932-1945 konnten sie in der Stadt außerordentlich aktiv werden. Beispielhaft {\"a}ußerte sich das in den zeitgen{\"o}ssischen Bauprojekten, in der zeitgen{\"o}ssischen Baupolitik. Die Dissertation behandelt die gesamte Spannbreite der baulichen und planerischen Aktivit{\"a}ten in und um Weimar in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Sie thematisiert sowohl die repr{\"a}sentativen Projekte, als auch die Baulichkeiten des Komplexes zum Konzentrationslager Weimar-Buchenwald, ebenso die Wohn- und Kulturbauten, die Kasernenarchitekturen, die Industrie-, Verkehrs- und Behelfsbauten sowie st{\"a}dtebauliche Planungen. Die Geb{\"a}ude und Komplexe werden im kulturpolitischen Kontext betrachtet, planungs- und baugeschichtlich untersucht, umfassend architektonisch-gestalterisch und st{\"a}dtebaulich-gestalterisch analysiert, dokumentiert, in ihrer gegenseitigen Beeinflussung dargestellt, verglichen und gewertet. Gegebenenfalls werden Querbeziehungen zu anderen Objekten in Deutschland, außerdem zu zeitgleichen nichtbaulichen Ereignissen in Weimar bzw. Deutschland aufgezeigt. Ein Gesamtbild zur Bauplanung und zum Bauschaffen im Dritten Reich in einer Stadt, beispielhaft in der symbolbeladenen Stadt Weimar wird erstellt; ein St{\"u}ck verdr{\"a}ngter Kulturgeschichte der Stadt Weimar wird rekonstruiert.},
  subject      = {Weimar},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Liu2006,
  author    = {Liu, Chong},
  title     = {The Contemporary Development of Qingdao's Urban Space - The Perspective of Civil Society's Participation in Chinese Urban Planning},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.855},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20070818-9159},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The main hypothesis of this research is that civil society's participation is able to improve the planning results in the Chinese city of Qingdao in the contemporary age. Qingdao is a young city developed from a German colony in eastern China. Apart from the powers of the government and the market, the 'third power', including mainly the power of volunteer citizens and the citizens' organisations, also positively promoted the spatial development in Qingdao's history. Since 1978's reform, Qingdao's great progress in urban housing, historic preservation, public space and urban traffic results mainly from the increasing strength of both the government and the market, while the government has always been the dominant promoter for urban construction. The actual planning mechanism - the government formulates 'what to do' itself and decides 'how to do it' with the market - has much limit in reacting to the rapidly changing situation, serving diversified social interests, and raising sufficient funds for the city's urgent demands in Qingdao. Searching for new development strategies based on the understanding of civil society in the Chinese context can provide a promising perspective on the urban studies of Qingdao. Chinese civil society can be understood as the intermediate sphere of individuals, families, citizen's organisations, social movements, public communication, and of the non-governmental body's non-for-profit involvement for the provision of public services between the state and the market. China has its own cultural tradition of civil society, and the modern civil society in China is showing its great potential in improving social integration and urban life. The Chinese government has started to advocate for civil society's participation in urban construction, and encouraging the 'bottom-up' mechanism in the planning-related issues through political statements and legislative approaches since the last two decades. The existing planning practice in China is able to demonstrate that civil society's participation helps improve the quality of Chinese urban planning realistically under present conditions, and that moderation of planning experts and the push of the authority are the key factors for successfully integrating the strength of civil society in planning. However, the power of civil society is not yet sufficiently discovered in Qingdao's planning. For better planning results, the city of Qingdao needs more initiatives to mobilize civil society in the planning practice, as well as more support to enrich the related studies. This thesis recommends that Qingdao establishes the 'Foundation for Collaborative Urban Solutions' through the joint efforts of the authority and civil initiatives, which aims at moderating and facilitating the strength of civil society. The suggested pilot projects include: a. The Community-based Housing Workshop for regenerating the living environment of the run-down communities, where the residents are willing to collaborate with the foundation with own efforts. b. The Heritage Preservation Workshop for suggesting an efficient supervision mechanism involving civil society which protects the historic heritage from being destroyed in the urban construction. c. The Public Space Forum for improving accessibility, quantity and ecologic function in the development of Qingdao's urban public space with the knowledge and creativity of both the government and the citizens. d. The Mass Transport Forum for a realistic strategy for funding the rail-based traffic system in Qingdao through enabling the civil society - especially the individual citizens and their households to invest. The 'Foundation of Collaborative Urban Solutions' is able to improve Qingdao's planning to cope with the urban problems the city are facing in its contemporary development, as well as to provide valuable reference for the further research of civil society's participation in Chinese urban planning.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Krueger,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Arvid},
  title     = {Neue Steuerungsmodelle der Stadterneuerung - … und daraus folgende Anforderungen an die St{\"a}dtebauf{\"o}rderung, die Kommunen und die gemeinn{\"u}tzige Wohnungswirtschaft},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3997},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191105-39976},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {384},
  abstract  = {Großsiedlungen sind nicht nur ein Erbe der Moderne, sondern seit {\"u}ber drei Jahrzehnten Gegenstand der Stadterneuerung. Dieses Buch er{\"o}rtert, was eine heute „normale" Großsiedlung stadtplanerisch ben{\"o}tigt und welche stadtentwicklungs- als auch wohnungspolitisch gesteuerten Ressourcen in einer integrierten Planungssteuerung geb{\"u}ndelt werden sollten. Dabei wird das grunds{\"a}tzliche Planungsinstrument des Quartiersmanagements aktualisiert - {\"u}ber den Gegenstand Großsiedlungen hinaus.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Jordan2008,
  author    = {Jordan, Anne},
  title     = {Ein neues St{\"u}ck Paris. Planungsdiskurse, Referenzen und die Formierung eines urbanen Images im st{\"a}dtebaulichen Großprojekt Paris Rive Gauche},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1408},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20091105-14921},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit den diskursiven Konstruktion urbaner Images in Großprojekten. Aufbauend auf einer soziologischen Definition der Begriffe „Raumbild" und „Ortsbild" wird am Beispiel des st{\"a}dtebaulichen Großprojekts Paris Rive Gauche untersucht, wie sich ortsspezifische Referenzen in einem Planungsprozess bilden, zu welchen Zwecken sie eingesetzt werden und wie mit Hilfe dieser Referenzen im Planungsprozess diskursiv ein Image f{\"u}r einen entstehenden Stadtteil konstruiert wird.},
  subject      = {Paris},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Javanmardi,
  author    = {Javanmardi, Leila},
  title     = {URBANISM AND DICTATORSHIP. A Study on Urban Planning in Contemporary History of Iran, Second Pahlavi: 1941-1979},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4597},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220224-45971},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {237},
  abstract  = {The evolution of urbanism under dictatorship forms the core of the current research. This thesis is part of a research network at Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar, which studies the 20th century's urbanism under different dictatorships. The network has provided a cross-cultural and cross-border environment and has enabled the author to communicate with other like-minded researchers. The 2015 published book of this group 'Urbanism and Dictatorship: A European Perspective' strengthens the foundation of this research's theoretical and methodological framework. This thesis investigates urban policies and plans leading to the advancement of urbanization and the transformation of urban space in Iran during the second Pahlavi (1941-1979) when the country faced a milestone in its history: Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. By reflecting the influence of economic and socio-political determinants of the time on urbanism and the urbanization process, this work intends to critically trace the effect of dictatorship on evolved urbanism before and after the oil nationalization in 1951. The research on the second Pahlavi's urbanism has been limitedly addressed and has only recently expanded. Most of the conducted studies date back to less than a decade ago and could not incorporate all the episodes of the second Pahlavi urbanism. These works have often investigated urbanism and architecture by focusing merely on the physical features and urban products in different years regardless of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of the available literature does not intend to address the socio-economic and political roots of urban transformations and by questioning 'what has been built?' investigates the individual urban projects and plans designed by individual designers without interlinking these projects to the state's urban planning program and tracing the beneficiaries of those projects or questioning 'built for whom?' Moreover, some chapters of this modern urbanism have rarely been investigated. For instance, scant research has looked into the works of foreign designers and consultants involved in the projects such as Peter Georg Ahrens or Constantinos A. Doxiadis. Similarly, the urbanism of the first decade of the second Pahlavi, including the government of Mossadegh, has mainly been overlooked. Therefore, by critically analyzing the state's urban planning program and the process of urbanization in Iran during the second Pahlavi, this research aims to bridge the literature gap and to unravel the effect of the power structure on urban planning and products while seeking to find a pattern behind the regime's policies. The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, this research's methodology is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data is gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as the library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation, and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding urban projects.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Jakupi,
  author    = {Jakupi, Arta},
  title     = {The Effect of the International Community Presence in the Urban Development of Post Conflict City Case Study: Kosova},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1831},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130130-18314},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {213},
  abstract  = {Post Conflict Reconstruction is a very complex topic, whether it is to be undertaken by the Local or the International Community. The process of the Post Conflict Development is to be very hard to investigate, primarily for the combination of socio-cultural phenomena, war and political instability; having difficulties of conducting solid empirical analysis (obtaining reliable data) and dealing with war-torn communities. The multifaceted process of the reconstruction is ought to touch a lot of countries vital segments, whereas each of them requires different approach; coordination with one another; and unification in their common aim. The emergency of the assistance programs are not equal, same as with the priority and weight when compared with each other, therefore occasionally there are programs for the success of which the other less important actions are violated or neglected. The case is with the International Community presence ( the set up), which aside from their mission and projects, it is considered to play a very important role on the urban development of a post conflict city; the setting was never planned or considered in a holistic manner, therefore IC establishment was done ad hoc and it was guided by issues which did not help at its greatest to the urban development of the city and more over to the citizens who were most in need. The study is about the Urban Development, due to the fact that the biggest concentration of the International Community is likely to be in the urban centers, and the experienced changes are of a much considerable magnitude. The reconstruction phase is likely to be lasting at about 10 years and more , consequently the International Community for that time being tends to be recognized as temporary citizens of the city, and it is inevitably that they will be having an impact on the urban development of the city; in that basis it is considered to be significant that the International Community Establishment/Set Up be included into the International Organizations mission and assist in the overall mission of the reconstruction.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}