@article{BargstaedtBlickling2004,
  author    = {Bargst{\"a}dt, Hans-Joachim and Blickling, Arno},
  title     = {Effective cost estimate and construction processes with 3D interactive technologies: Towards a virtual world of construction sites},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.232},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2320},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The development of 3D technologies during the last decades in many different areas, leads us towards the complete 3D representation of planet earth on a high level of detail. On the lowest level we have geographical information systems (GIS) representing the outer layer of our planet as a 3D model. In the meantime these systems do not only give a geographical model but also present additional information like ownership, infrastructure and others that might be of interest for the construction business. In future these systems will serve as basis for virtual environments for planning and simulation of construction sites. In addition to this work is done on the integration of GIS systems with 3D city models in the area of urban planning and thus integration of different levels of detail. This article presents research work on the use of 3D models in construction on the next level of detail below the level of urban planning. The 3D city model is taken as basis for the 3D model of the construction site. In this virtual nD-world a contractor can organize and plan his resources, simulate different variants of construction processes and thus find out the most effective solution for the consideration of costs and time. On the basis of former researches the authors present a new approach for cost estimation and simulation using development technologies from game software.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeerFirmenichRichter2004,
  author    = {Beer, Daniel G. and Firmenich, Berthold and Richter, Torsten},
  title     = {A Concept for CAD Systems with Persistent Versioned Data Models},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.204},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2046},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The synchronous distributed processing of common source code in the software development process is supported by well proven methods. The planning process has similarities with the software development process. However, there are no consistent and similarly successful methods for applications in construction projects. A new approach is proposed in this contribution.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BerkhahnKinkeldeySchleinkofer2004,
  author    = {Berkhahn, Volker and Kinkeldey, Christoph and Schleinkofer, Matthias},
  title     = {Re-Engineering Based on Construction Drawings - From Ground Floor Plan to Product Model},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.183},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1832},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {For the management or reorganisation of existing buildings, data concerning dimensions and construction are necessary. Often these data are given exclusively by paper-based drawings and no digital data such as a computer based product model or even a CAD-model are available. In order to perform mass calculation, damage mapping or a recalculation of the structure these drawings of the building under consideration have to be analysed manually by the engineer. This is a very time-consuming job. In order to close this gap between drawings of an existing building and a digital product model an approach is presented in this paper to digitise a drawing, to build up geometric and topologic models and to recognise construction parts of the building. Finally all recognised parts are transformed into a three-dimensional geometric model which provides all necessary geometric information for the product model. During this import process the semantics of a ground floor plan has to be converted into a 3D-model.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FahrigNachtweyGellert2004,
  author    = {Fahrig, Torsten and Nachtwey, Bj{\"o}rn and Gellert, Sebastian},
  title     = {A Product Model based Approach to Interactive CAE Design Optimization},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.190},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1901},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We present a software prototype for fluid flow problems in civil engineering, which combines essential features of Computational Steering approaches with efficient methods for model transfer and high performance computing. The main components of the system are described: - The modeler with a focus on the data management of the product model - The pre-processing and the post-processing toolkit - The simulation kernel based on the Lattice Boltzmann method - The required hardware for real-time computing},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Firmenich2004,
  author    = {Firmenich, Berthold},
  title     = {Product Models in Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.211},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2119},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The Priority Programme 'Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering' of the 'German Research Foundation' (DFG) has been established in the year 2000. This paper describes and discusses the main research directions and first results of the workgroup 'Distributed Product Models'. The five projects of the workgroup have developed completely different solutions for specific application domains. Each solution concept deals with a consistent product modeling and knowledge processing in a distributed environment in the planning process. The individual solution approaches of the projects are described and the underlying basic assumptions are discussed. A unified system architecture is described for all projects of the workgroup. Two different approaches (object-oriented and graph-based models) have been introduced for product and knowledge modeling. The common structure of these models will be explained to fully understand the differences of these modeling approaches. Finally the concepts for co-operative work and conflict management in a distributed environment are described: The solution approaches will be distinguished by classifying the supported co-operation according to time. A final scientific summary describes the state-of-the-art in network based co-operation in structural engineering: The role of research directions like knowledge modeling, standard product modeling and versioning in the distributed planning process will be explained.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GaoWuRen2004,
  author    = {Gao, Zuoren and Wu, Weiyu and Ren, Aizhu},
  title     = {Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.238},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoltzhauerSaal2004,
  author    = {Holtzhauer, Eric and Saal, Helmut},
  title     = {Product modelling in the steel construction domain},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.241},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2415},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The complexity of the relationships between the actors of a building project requires high efficiency in communication. Among other things, data sharing is crucial. The exchange of data is made possible by interfaces between expert programs, which rely on product models. The latter are neutral standards with formal definitions of building objects and their attributes. This paper deals with the state of the art and the research activities concerning product models in the steel construction domain and the advantages provided by this technology for the sector.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Huhn2004,
  author    = {Huhn, Michael},
  title     = {Abstract and Concrete Scenarios in Concurrent Engineering},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.206},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2068},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {An architecture of a distributed planning system for the building industry has been developed. The emphasis is on highly collaborative environments in steelwork, timber construction etc. where designers concurrently handle 3D models. The overall system connects local design systems by the so-called Design Framework DFW. This framework consists of the definition of distributed components and protocols which make the collaborative design work. The process of collaborative design has been formalized on an abstract level. This paper describes how this has been done. A sample is given to illustrate the mapping of concrete scenarios of the 'real design world' to an abstract scenario level. This work is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG as part of the project SPP1103 (Meißner et al. 2003).},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HaenninenLaine2004,
  author    = {H{\"a}nninen, Reijo and Laine, Tuomas},
  title     = {Product Models and Life Cycle Data Management in real Projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.152},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1528},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Building project, with many different players involved, requires open and commonly accepted standard for product model description. Product model based design tools support easy comparisons of design alternatives and optimisation of design solution technical quality. This supports client s decision-making and design target comparisons through the whole building project. Use of product models enable these tasks to meet both schedule and cost requirements Olof Granlund is using product models and interoperable software as the main tool in projects. The use and the realised benefits are illustrated by examples from 3 different real projects: University building, where product models were used already in the very early phases by the whole design team. Office building for research organisation, where product models were used in so called self-reporting building system. Headquarters for international company, where product models were widely used for building performance analysis and visualisations in design phase as well as for facilities management system configuration for operational phase.},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KangMiranda2004,
  author    = {Kang, Shihchung and Miranda, Eduardo},
  title     = {Automated Simulation of the Erection Activities in Virtual Construction},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.231},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2310},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The goal of the research is the development of a computer system to plan, simulate and visualize erection processes in construction. In the research construction cranes are treated as robots with predefined degrees of freedom and crane-specific motion planning techniques are developed to generate time-optimized and collision-free paths for each piece to be erected in the project. Using inverse kinematics and structural dynamics simulation, the computer system then computes the crane motions and velocities necessary to achieve the previously calculated paths. The main benefits of the research are the accurate planning and scheduling of crane operations leading to optimization of crane usage and project schedules, as well as improving overall crane safety in the project. This research is aimed at the development of systems that will allow computer-assisted erection of civil infrastructure and ultimately to achieve fully-automated erection processes using robotic cranes...},
  subject      = {Produktmodell},
  language  = {en}
}