@phdthesis{Javanmardi,
  author    = {Javanmardi, Leila},
  title     = {URBANISM AND DICTATORSHIP. A Study on Urban Planning in Contemporary History of Iran, Second Pahlavi: 1941-1979},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4597},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220224-45971},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {237},
  abstract  = {The evolution of urbanism under dictatorship forms the core of the current research. This thesis is part of a research network at Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar, which studies the 20th century's urbanism under different dictatorships. The network has provided a cross-cultural and cross-border environment and has enabled the author to communicate with other like-minded researchers. The 2015 published book of this group 'Urbanism and Dictatorship: A European Perspective' strengthens the foundation of this research's theoretical and methodological framework. This thesis investigates urban policies and plans leading to the advancement of urbanization and the transformation of urban space in Iran during the second Pahlavi (1941-1979) when the country faced a milestone in its history: Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. By reflecting the influence of economic and socio-political determinants of the time on urbanism and the urbanization process, this work intends to critically trace the effect of dictatorship on evolved urbanism before and after the oil nationalization in 1951. The research on the second Pahlavi's urbanism has been limitedly addressed and has only recently expanded. Most of the conducted studies date back to less than a decade ago and could not incorporate all the episodes of the second Pahlavi urbanism. These works have often investigated urbanism and architecture by focusing merely on the physical features and urban products in different years regardless of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of the available literature does not intend to address the socio-economic and political roots of urban transformations and by questioning 'what has been built?' investigates the individual urban projects and plans designed by individual designers without interlinking these projects to the state's urban planning program and tracing the beneficiaries of those projects or questioning 'built for whom?' Moreover, some chapters of this modern urbanism have rarely been investigated. For instance, scant research has looked into the works of foreign designers and consultants involved in the projects such as Peter Georg Ahrens or Constantinos A. Doxiadis. Similarly, the urbanism of the first decade of the second Pahlavi, including the government of Mossadegh, has mainly been overlooked. Therefore, by critically analyzing the state's urban planning program and the process of urbanization in Iran during the second Pahlavi, this research aims to bridge the literature gap and to unravel the effect of the power structure on urban planning and products while seeking to find a pattern behind the regime's policies. The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, this research's methodology is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data is gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as the library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation, and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding urban projects.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SanderWeissermel,
  author    = {Sander, Hendrik and Weißermel, S{\"o}ren},
  title     = {Urban Heat Transition in Berlin: Corporate Strategies, Political Conflicts, and Just Solutions},
  series = {Urban Planning},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Urban Planning},
  number    = {Volume 8, No 1},
  publisher = {Cogitatio Press},
  address   = {Lissabon},
  doi       = {10.17645/up.v8i1.6178},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230524-63845},
  pages     = {361 -- 371},
  abstract  = {In the field of urban climate policy, heat production and demand are key sectors for achieving a sustainable city. Heat production has to shift from fossil to renewable energies, and the heat demand of most buildings has to be reduced significantly via building retrofits. However, analyses of heat transition still lack its contextualization within entangled urban politico-economic processes and materialities and require critical socio-theoretical examination. Asking about the embeddedness of heat transition within social relations and its implications for social justice issues, this article discusses the challenges and opportunities of heat transition, taking Berlin as an example. It uses an urban political ecology perspective to analyze the materialities of Berlin's heating-housing nexus, its politico-economic context, implications for relations of inequality and power, and its contested strategies. The empirical analysis identifies major disputes about the future trajectory of heat production and about the distribution of retrofit costs. Using our conceptual approach, we discuss these empirical findings against the idea of a more just heat transition. For this purpose, we discuss three policy proposals regarding cost distribution, urban heat planning, and remunicipalization of heat utilities. We argue that this conceptual approach provides huge benefits for debates around heat transition and, more generally, energy justice and just transitions.},
  subject      = {Berlin},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Du2010,
  author    = {Du, Juan},
  title     = {The Shaping of People's Space - An Inquiry of Human Environmental Experiences and Planning Practice, China},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1432},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20100913-15191},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {One of the main focuses of recent Chinese urban development is the creation and retrofitting of public spaces driven by the market force and demand. However, researches concerning human and cultural influences on shaping public spaces have been scanty. There still exist many undefined ambiguous planning aspects institutionally and legislatively. This is an explanatory research to address interactions, incorporations and interrelationship between the lived environment and its peoples. It is knowledge-seeking and normative. Theoretically, public space in a Chinese context is conceptualized; empirically, a selected case is inquired. The research has unfolded a comparatively complete understanding of China's planning evolution and on-going practices. Data collection emphasizes the concept of 'people' and 'space'. First-hand data is derived from the intensive fieldwork and observatory and participatory documentations. The ample detailed authentic empirical data empowers space syntax as a strong analysis tool in decoding how human's activities influence the public space. Findings fall into two categories but interdependent. Firstly, it discloses the studied settlement as a generic, organic and incremental development model. Its growth and established environment is evolutionary and incremental, based on its intrinsic traditions, life values and available resources. As a self-sustaining settlement, it highlights certain vernacular traits of spatial development out of lifestyles and cultural practices. Its spatial articulation appears as a process parallel to socio-economic transitions. Secondly, crucial planning aspects are theoretically summarized to address the existing gap between current planning methodology and practicalities. It pinpoints several most significant and particular issues, namely, disintegrated land use system and urban planning; missing of urban design in the planning system, loss of a human-responsive environment resulted from standardized planning and under-estimation of heritage in urban development. The research challenges present Chinese planning laws and regulations through urban public space study; and pinpoints to yield certain growth leverage for planning and development. Thus, planning is able to empower inhabitants to make decisions along the process of shaping and sustaining their space. Therefore, it discusses not only legislative issues, concerning land use planning, urban design and heritage conservation. It leads to a pivotal proposal, i.e., the integration of human and their social spaces in formulating a new spatial strategy. It expects to inform policymakers of underpinning social values and cultural practices in reconfiguring postmodern Chinese spatiality. It propounds that social context endemic to communities shall be integrated as a crucial tool in spatial strategy design, hence to strengthen spatial attributes and improve life quality.},
  subject      = {{\"O}ffentlicher Raum},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Camerin,
  author    = {Camerin, Federico},
  title     = {THE ROLE OF THE GREAT PROPERTY IN THE EUROPEAN CITY-MAKING PROCESS IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 20th CENTURY. MILITARY PROPERTY AS REFERENCE},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4201},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200714-42018},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {453},
  abstract  = {The thesis concerns a work of urban history intended not to describe the city but rather to interpret it. By doing so, I have interpreted the city by means of the role played by the so-called 'great property' in the European city-making process during the last three decades of the 20th century, specifically focused on the concrete case of military properties in Italy. I have also considered the role played by other kinds of great properties, i.e. industries and railway, which previously acted in the production of the built environment in a different way respect to the military one. As all of them have as common denominator the fact of being 'capital in land', I analysed great industrial and railway properties in order to extrapolate a methodology which helped me to interpret the relationship between military properties and city-making process in Europe in the late 20th century. I have analysed the relationship between the capital in land and the city-making process on the ground of the understanding the interrelation between the great property, the urban development, and the agents involved in the urban and territorial planning. Here I have showed that urban planning is not the decisive factor influencing the citymaking process, but instead the power held by the capital in land. I have found that is the great property the trigger of the creation of new 'areas of centrality' intended as large areas for consumerism. As far as the role played by great property is concerned, I have also discovered that it has evolved over time. Originally, industrial and railway properties have been regenerated into a wide range of new profit-driven spaces; successively, I have found out that most of the regeneration of military premises aimed to materialise areas of centrality. The way of interpreting this factor has been based on focusing my attention on the military premises in Italy: I have classified their typology when they have been built and, most importantly, when they have been regenerated into new areas of centrality.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Jakupi,
  author    = {Jakupi, Arta},
  title     = {The Effect of the International Community Presence in the Urban Development of Post Conflict City Case Study: Kosova},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1831},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130130-18314},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {213},
  abstract  = {Post Conflict Reconstruction is a very complex topic, whether it is to be undertaken by the Local or the International Community. The process of the Post Conflict Development is to be very hard to investigate, primarily for the combination of socio-cultural phenomena, war and political instability; having difficulties of conducting solid empirical analysis (obtaining reliable data) and dealing with war-torn communities. The multifaceted process of the reconstruction is ought to touch a lot of countries vital segments, whereas each of them requires different approach; coordination with one another; and unification in their common aim. The emergency of the assistance programs are not equal, same as with the priority and weight when compared with each other, therefore occasionally there are programs for the success of which the other less important actions are violated or neglected. The case is with the International Community presence ( the set up), which aside from their mission and projects, it is considered to play a very important role on the urban development of a post conflict city; the setting was never planned or considered in a holistic manner, therefore IC establishment was done ad hoc and it was guided by issues which did not help at its greatest to the urban development of the city and more over to the citizens who were most in need. The study is about the Urban Development, due to the fact that the biggest concentration of the International Community is likely to be in the urban centers, and the experienced changes are of a much considerable magnitude. The reconstruction phase is likely to be lasting at about 10 years and more , consequently the International Community for that time being tends to be recognized as temporary citizens of the city, and it is inevitably that they will be having an impact on the urban development of the city; in that basis it is considered to be significant that the International Community Establishment/Set Up be included into the International Organizations mission and assist in the overall mission of the reconstruction.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Liu2006,
  author    = {Liu, Chong},
  title     = {The Contemporary Development of Qingdao's Urban Space - The Perspective of Civil Society's Participation in Chinese Urban Planning},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.855},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20070818-9159},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The main hypothesis of this research is that civil society's participation is able to improve the planning results in the Chinese city of Qingdao in the contemporary age. Qingdao is a young city developed from a German colony in eastern China. Apart from the powers of the government and the market, the 'third power', including mainly the power of volunteer citizens and the citizens' organisations, also positively promoted the spatial development in Qingdao's history. Since 1978's reform, Qingdao's great progress in urban housing, historic preservation, public space and urban traffic results mainly from the increasing strength of both the government and the market, while the government has always been the dominant promoter for urban construction. The actual planning mechanism - the government formulates 'what to do' itself and decides 'how to do it' with the market - has much limit in reacting to the rapidly changing situation, serving diversified social interests, and raising sufficient funds for the city's urgent demands in Qingdao. Searching for new development strategies based on the understanding of civil society in the Chinese context can provide a promising perspective on the urban studies of Qingdao. Chinese civil society can be understood as the intermediate sphere of individuals, families, citizen's organisations, social movements, public communication, and of the non-governmental body's non-for-profit involvement for the provision of public services between the state and the market. China has its own cultural tradition of civil society, and the modern civil society in China is showing its great potential in improving social integration and urban life. The Chinese government has started to advocate for civil society's participation in urban construction, and encouraging the 'bottom-up' mechanism in the planning-related issues through political statements and legislative approaches since the last two decades. The existing planning practice in China is able to demonstrate that civil society's participation helps improve the quality of Chinese urban planning realistically under present conditions, and that moderation of planning experts and the push of the authority are the key factors for successfully integrating the strength of civil society in planning. However, the power of civil society is not yet sufficiently discovered in Qingdao's planning. For better planning results, the city of Qingdao needs more initiatives to mobilize civil society in the planning practice, as well as more support to enrich the related studies. This thesis recommends that Qingdao establishes the 'Foundation for Collaborative Urban Solutions' through the joint efforts of the authority and civil initiatives, which aims at moderating and facilitating the strength of civil society. The suggested pilot projects include: a. The Community-based Housing Workshop for regenerating the living environment of the run-down communities, where the residents are willing to collaborate with the foundation with own efforts. b. The Heritage Preservation Workshop for suggesting an efficient supervision mechanism involving civil society which protects the historic heritage from being destroyed in the urban construction. c. The Public Space Forum for improving accessibility, quantity and ecologic function in the development of Qingdao's urban public space with the knowledge and creativity of both the government and the citizens. d. The Mass Transport Forum for a realistic strategy for funding the rail-based traffic system in Qingdao through enabling the civil society - especially the individual citizens and their households to invest. The 'Foundation of Collaborative Urban Solutions' is able to improve Qingdao's planning to cope with the urban problems the city are facing in its contemporary development, as well as to provide valuable reference for the further research of civil society's participation in Chinese urban planning.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{BrokowLogaEckardt2021,
  author    = {Brokow-Loga, Anton and Eckardt, Frank},
  title     = {Stadtpolitik f{\"u}r alle},
  publisher = {Graswurzelrevolution},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4390},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210315-43904},
  publisher      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {68},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Corona-Krise hat die Erosion st{\"a}dtischer Solidarit{\"a}t offen zu Tage treten lassen. Dagegen bringen Anton Brokow-Loga und Frank Eckardt in dieser Schrift die praktische Utopie einer solidarischen Postwachstumsstadt „auf den Punkt". Vom Commoning {\"u}ber die Umverteilung der st{\"a}dtischen Fl{\"a}chen bis zu einer sozial-{\"o}kologischen Verkehrswende: Eine progressive Stadtpolitik f{\"u}r alle {\"u}berwindet bisheriges Schubladendenken. Sie setzt stattdessen auf heterogene Zusammenh{\"a}nge und ungew{\"o}hnliche B{\"u}ndnisse. Zu dem hier umrissenen Vorhaben geh{\"o}rt auch, eine basisdemokratisch orientierte Stadtpolitik mit dem Ziel einer umfassenden Transformation von Stadt und Gesellschaft zu verkn{\"u}pfen. Wie kann ein Blick auf die kommunale Ebene helfen, globalen Ungerechtigkeiten zu begegnen? Welchen Weg weisen munizipalistische Plattformen und Vergemeinschaftungen jenseits von Privat- oder Staatseigentum?},
  subject      = {Transformation},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Krueger,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Arvid},
  title     = {Neue Steuerungsmodelle der Stadterneuerung - … und daraus folgende Anforderungen an die St{\"a}dtebauf{\"o}rderung, die Kommunen und die gemeinn{\"u}tzige Wohnungswirtschaft},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3997},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191105-39976},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {384},
  abstract  = {Großsiedlungen sind nicht nur ein Erbe der Moderne, sondern seit {\"u}ber drei Jahrzehnten Gegenstand der Stadterneuerung. Dieses Buch er{\"o}rtert, was eine heute „normale" Großsiedlung stadtplanerisch ben{\"o}tigt und welche stadtentwicklungs- als auch wohnungspolitisch gesteuerten Ressourcen in einer integrierten Planungssteuerung geb{\"u}ndelt werden sollten. Dabei wird das grunds{\"a}tzliche Planungsinstrument des Quartiersmanagements aktualisiert - {\"u}ber den Gegenstand Großsiedlungen hinaus.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Jordan2008,
  author    = {Jordan, Anne},
  title     = {Ein neues St{\"u}ck Paris. Planungsdiskurse, Referenzen und die Formierung eines urbanen Images im st{\"a}dtebaulichen Großprojekt Paris Rive Gauche},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1408},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20091105-14921},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit den diskursiven Konstruktion urbaner Images in Großprojekten. Aufbauend auf einer soziologischen Definition der Begriffe „Raumbild" und „Ortsbild" wird am Beispiel des st{\"a}dtebaulichen Großprojekts Paris Rive Gauche untersucht, wie sich ortsspezifische Referenzen in einem Planungsprozess bilden, zu welchen Zwecken sie eingesetzt werden und wie mit Hilfe dieser Referenzen im Planungsprozess diskursiv ein Image f{\"u}r einen entstehenden Stadtteil konstruiert wird.},
  subject      = {Paris},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MullisSchipper,
  author    = {Mullis, Daniel and Schipper, Sebastian},
  title     = {Die postdemokratische Stadt zwischen Politisierung und Kontinuit{\"a}t. Oder ist die Stadt jemals demokratisch gewesen?},
  series = {sub\urban. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kritische Stadtforschung},
  volume    = {2013},
  journal   = {sub\urban. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kritische Stadtforschung},
  number    = {Band 1, Heft 2},
  publisher = {sub\urban e.V.},
  address   = {Berlin},
  doi       = {10.36900/suburban.v1i2.97},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220112-45600},
  pages     = {79 -- 100},
  abstract  = {In der kritischen Stadtforschung wird die These der postdemokratischen Stadt aktuell immer wieder aufgegriffen und dabei eng mit Prozessen der Neoliberalisierung verkn{\"u}pft. Ausgehend von einer kritischen Diskussion der konzeptionellen Zug{\"a}nge bei Colin Crouch und Jacques Ranci{\`e}re geht der Beitrag anhand der Geschichte der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung in Frankfurt am Main dem Gehalt der beiden Begriffsbestimmungen in der konkreten historischen Analyse nach. Verwiesen wird dabei auf die unterschiedliche Analysetiefe der beiden Konzepte. Entgegen der bei Crouch vorherrschenden Annahme, dass es vor der neoliberalen Stadt eine demokratische Form st{\"a}dtischen Regierens gegeben hat, wird unter R{\"u}ckbezug auf die Argumentation Ranci{\`e}res zur Demokratie betont, dass der Fordismus keinesfalls als egalit{\"a}rer, inklusiver oder demokratischer charakterisiert werden kann. Vielmehr vertreten wir die These, dass die fordistische Stadt zwar aus anderen Gr{\"u}nden, aber vom Grundsatz her nicht weniger postdemokratisch gewesen ist als die neoliberale der Gegenwart und dass die demokratischen Momente am ehesten in den Br{\"u}chen und Spalten der sozialen Konflikte der 1970er und 1980er Jahre gefunden werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {de}
}