@phdthesis{CarvajalBermudez, author = {Carvajal Berm{\´u}dez, Juan Carlos}, title = {New methods of citizen participation based on digital technologies}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4712}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220906-47124}, school = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, abstract = {The current thesis presents research about new methods of citizen participation based on digital technologies. The focus on the research lies on decentralized methods of participation where citizens take the role of co-creators. The research project first conducted a review of the literature on citizen participation, its origins and the different paradigms that have emerged over the years. The literature review also looked at the influence of technologies on participation processes and the theoretical frameworks that have emerged to understand the introduction of technologies in the context of urban development. The literature review generated the conceptual basis for the further development of the thesis. The research begins with a survey of technology enabled participation applications that examined the roles and structures emerging due to the introduction of technology. The results showed that cities use technology mostly to control and monitor urban infrastructure and are rather reluctant to give citizens the role of co-creators. Based on these findings, three case studies were developed. Digital tools for citizen participation were conceived and introduced for each case study. The adoption and reaction of the citizens were observed using three data collection methods. The results of the case studies showed consistently that previous participation and engagement with informal citizen participation are a determinining factor in the potential adoption of digital tools for decentralized engagement. Based on these results, the case studies proposed methods and frameworks that can be used for the conception and introduction of technologies for decentralized citizen participation.}, subject = {Partizipation}, language = {en} } @article{XinHijaziKoenigetal., author = {Xin, Li and Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Lv, Zhihan and Zhong, Chen and Schmitt, Gerhard}, title = {Assessing Essential Qualities of Urban Space with Emotional and Visual Data Based on GIS Technique}, series = {ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION}, journal = {ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION}, doi = {10.3390/ijgi5110218}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170401-30995}, abstract = {Finding a method to evaluate people's emotional responses to urban spaces in a valid and objective way is fundamentally important for urban design practices and related policy making. Analysis of the essential qualities of urban space could be made both more effective and more accurate using innovative information techniques that have become available in the era of big data. This study introduces an integrated method based on geographical information systems (GIS) and an emotion-tracking technique to quantify the relationship between people's emotional responses and urban space. This method can evaluate the degree to which people's emotional responses are influenced by multiple urban characteristics such as building shapes and textures, isovist parameters, visual entropy, and visual fractals. The results indicate that urban spaces may influence people's emotional responses through both spatial sequence arrangements and shifting scenario sequences. Emotional data were collected with body sensors and GPS devices. Spatial clustering was detected to target effective sampling locations; then, isovists were generated to extract building textures. Logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to determine the key isovist parameters and the probabilities that they influenced people's emotion. Finally, based on the results, we make some suggestions for design professionals in the field of urban space optimization.}, subject = {Stadt}, language = {en} } @article{KnechtKoenig, author = {Knecht, Katja and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {Automatische Grundst{\"u}cksumlegung mithilfe von Unterteilungsalgorithmen und typenbasierte Generierung von Stadtstrukturen}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2673}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160822-26730}, abstract = {Dieses Arbeitspapier beschreibt, wie ausgehend von einem vorhandenen Straßennetzwerk Bebauungsareale mithilfe von Unterteilungsalgorithmen automatisch umgelegt, d.h. in Grundst{\"u}cke unterteilt, und anschließend auf Basis verschiedener st{\"a}dtebaulicher Typen bebaut werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Unterteilung von Bebauungsarealen und die Generierung von Bebauungsstrukturen unterliegen dabei bestimmten stadtplanerischen Einschr{\"a}nkungen, Vorgaben und Parametern. Ziel ist es aus den dargestellten Untersuchungen heraus ein Vorschlagssystem f{\"u}r stadtplanerische Entw{\"u}rfe zu entwickeln, das anhand der Umsetzung eines ersten Softwareprototyps zur Generierung von Stadtstrukturen weiter diskutiert wird.}, subject = {Automatisierung}, language = {de} } @article{KoenigBauriedel, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Bauriedel, Christian}, title = {Generating settlement structures: a method for urban planning and analysis supported by cellular automata}, series = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design}, journal = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2605}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160624-26054}, pages = {602 -- 624}, abstract = {Previous models for the explanation of settlement processes pay little attention to the interactions between settlement spreading and road networks. On the basis of a dielectric breakdown model in combination with cellular automata, we present a method to steer precisely the generation of settlement structures with regard to their global and local density as well as the size and number of forming clusters. The resulting structures depend on the logic of how the dependence of the settlements and the road network is implemented to the simulation model. After analysing the state of the art we begin with a discussion of the mutual dependence of roads and land development. Next, we elaborate a model that permits the precise control of permeability in the developing structure as well as the settlement density, using the fewest necessary control parameters. On the basis of different characteristic values, possible settlement structures are analysed and compared with each other. Finally, we reflect on the theoretical contribution of the model with regard to the context of urban dynamics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenigBauriedel, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Bauriedel, Christian}, title = {Computer-generated Urban Structures}, series = {Proceedings of the Generative Art Conference}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Generative Art Conference}, address = {Milan, Italy}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2609}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160623-26090}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {How does it come to particular structure formations in the cities and which strengths play a role in this process? On which elements can the phenomena be reduced to find the respective combination rules? How do general principles have to be formulated to be able to describe the urban processes so that different structural qualities can be produced? With the aid of mathematic methods, models based on four basic levels are generated in the computer, through which the connections between the elements and the rules of their interaction can be examined. Conclusions on the function of developing processes and the further urban origin can be derived.}, language = {en} } @article{Koenig, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {Die Stadt der Agenten und Automaten}, series = {FORUM - Architektur \& Bauforum}, journal = {FORUM - Architektur \& Bauforum}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2608}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26083}, abstract = {PLANUNGSUNTERST{\"U}TZUNG DURCH DIE ANALYSE R{\"A}UMLICHER PROZESSE MITTELS COMPUTERSIMULATIONEN. Erst wenn man - zumindest im Prinzip - versteht, wie eine Stadt mit ihren komplexen, verwobenen Vorg{\"a}ngen im Wesentlichen funktioniert, ist eine sinnvolle Stadtplanung m{\"o}glich. Denn jede Planung bedeutet einen Eingriff in den komplexen Organismus einer Stadt. Findet dieser Eingriff ohne Wissen {\"u}ber die Funktionsweise des Organismus statt, k{\"o}nnen auch die Auswirkungen nicht abgesch{\"a}tzt werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt dar, wie urbane Prozesse mittels Computersimulationen unter Zuhilfenahme so genannter Multi-Agenten-Systeme und Zellul{\"a}rer Automaten verstanden werden k{\"o}nnen. von}, subject = {CAD}, language = {de} } @article{Koenig, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard}, title = {Computers in the design phase - Ten thesis on their uselessness}, series = {Der Generalist}, journal = {Der Generalist}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2607}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26075}, abstract = {At the end of the 1960s, architects at various universities world- wide began to explore the potential of computer technology for their profession. With the decline in prices for PCs in the 1990s and the development of various computer-aided architectural design systems (CAAD), the use of such systems in architectural and planning offices grew continuously. Because today no ar- chitectural office manages without a costly CAAD system and because intensive soſtware training has become an integral part of a university education, the question arises about what influence the various computer systems have had on the design process forming the core of architectural practice. The text at hand devel- ops ten theses about why there has been no success to this day in introducing computers such that new qualitative possibilities for design result. RESTRICTEDNESS}, subject = {CAD}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenigMueller, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and M{\"u}ller, Daniela}, title = {Simulating the development of residential areas of the city of Vienna from 1888 to 2001}, series = {Compendium of Abstracts of the 8th International Conference on Urban Planning and Environment (UPE8)}, booktitle = {Compendium of Abstracts of the 8th International Conference on Urban Planning and Environment (UPE8)}, address = {Kaiserslautern, Germany}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2606}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26066}, pages = {23}, abstract = {The structure and development of cities can be seen and evaluated from different points of view. By replicating the growth or shrinkage of a city using historical maps depicting different time states, we can obtain momentary snapshots of the dynamic mechanisms of the city. An examination of how these snapshots change over the course of time and a comparison of the different static time states reveals the various interdependencies of population density, technical infrastructure and the availability of public transport facilities. Urban infrastructure and facilities are not distributed evenly across the city - rather they are subject to different patterns and speeds of spread over the course of time and follow different spatial and temporal regularities. The reasons and underlying processes that cause the transition from one state to another result from the same recurring but varyingly pronounced hidden forces and their complex interactions. Such forces encompass a variety of economic, social, cultural and ecological conditions whose respective weighting defines the development of a city in general. Urban development is, however, not solely a product of the different spatial distribution of economic, legal or social indicators but also of the distribution of infrastructure. But to what extent is the development of a city affected by the changing provision of infrastructure? As}, subject = {Simulation}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenigVaroudis, author = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Varoudis, Tasos}, title = {Spatial Optimizations: Merging depthmapX , spatial graph networks and evolutionary design in Grasshopper}, series = {Proceedings of ecaade 34: Complexity \& Simplicity}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ecaade 34: Complexity \& Simplicity}, address = {Oulu, Finland}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2604}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26040}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {In the Space Syntax community, the standard tool for computing all kinds of spatial graph network measures is depthmapX (Turner, 2004; Varoudis, 2012). The process of evaluating many design variants of networks is relatively complicated, since they need to be drawn in a separated CAD system, exported and imported in depthmapX via dxf file format. This procedure disables a continuous integration into a design process. Furthermore, the standalone character of depthmapX makes it impossible to use its network centrality calculation for optimization processes. To overcome this limitations, we present in this paper the first steps of experimenting with a Grasshopper component (reference omitted until final version) that can access the functions of depthmapX and integrate them into Grasshopper/Rhino3D. Here the component is implemented in a way that it can be used directly for an evolutionary algorithm (EA) implemented in a Python scripting component in Grasshopper}, language = {en} } @article{TreyerKleinKoenigetal., author = {Treyer, Lukas and Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Meixner, Christine}, title = {Lightweight Urban Computation Interchange (LUCI): A System to Couple Heterogenous Simulations and Views}, series = {Spatial Information Research}, journal = {Spatial Information Research}, doi = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2603}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26037}, pages = {1 -- 12}, abstract = {In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases, that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.}, language = {en} }