@phdthesis{MartinezSoto,
  author    = {Martinez Soto, Aner},
  title     = {Analyse und Erweiterung von bestehenden Prognosemodellen zur Bestimmung des Endenergiebedarfs im Wohnungssektor},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3225},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170607-32251},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {291},
  abstract  = {Die wachsende Notwendigkeit zur Energieeinsparung hat in verschiedenen L{\"a}ndern zur Entwicklung von Prognosemodellen zur Bestimmung des Energiebedarfs im Wohnungssektor gef{\"u}hrt. Obwohl Prognosemodelle prinzipiell eine L{\"o}sung zur Bestimmung des Energiebedarfs und zur Beurteilung der Auswirkungen von zuk{\"u}nftigen Energieeinsparmaßnahmen darstellen, sind die bestehenden Modelle jedoch mit Unw{\"a}gbarkeiten in der Modellierung und M{\"a}ngeln bez{\"u}glich der verwendeten Daten und Methodik behaftet. In dieser Arbeit werden die {\"U}bertragbarkeit, Genauigkeit und stochastische Unsicherheit von zw{\"o}lf Prognosemodellen (MAED-2, FfE-Geb{\"a}udemodell, CDEM, REM, CREEM, ECCABS, REEPS, BREHOMES, LEAP, DECM, CHM, BSM) analysiert, wobei Deutschland als Fallbeispiel verwendet wird. Zur Verbesserung der {\"U}bertragbarkeit der bestehenden Modelle werden Anpassungen vorgeschlagen. Außerdem wird f{\"u}r jedes Modell eine Bestimmung der einflussreichsten Parameter auf den simulierten Endenergiebedarf mit Hilfe einer Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse vorgenommen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Modelle mit einem hohen Detaillierungsgrad nicht zwangsl{\"a}ufig genauere Ergebnisse f{\"u}r den Endenergiebedarf garantieren. Dennoch wurde festgestellt, dass Modelle mit einem niedrigen Detaillierungsgrad Ergebnisse mit gr{\"o}ßeren Unsicherheiten liefern als Modelle mit einem h{\"o}heren Detaillierungsgrad. Es wurde weiterhin festgestellt, dass die einflussreichsten Parameter zur Bestimmung des Endenergiebedarfs im Wohnungssektor Innenraumtemperatur, Außentemperatur (Gradtagzahl), Bev{\"o}lkerungsentwicklung und Anzahl der Geb{\"a}ude/Wohnungen sind. Auf der Grundlage der Erkenntnisse zur Bewertung bestehender Modelle und der Bestimmung der einflussreichsten Parameter wurde ein optimiertes Prognosemodell (Transferable Residential Energy Model, TREM) entwickelt. Mit dessen Hilfe wurde die Entwicklung des Endenergiebedarfs im deutschen Wohnungssektor sowie in anderen L{\"a}ndern (Vereinigtes K{\"o}nigsreich und Chile) prognostiziert. Diese Ergebnisse wurden anschließend mit statistischen Daten verglichen. Das TREM-Modell bestimmt den Endenergiebedarf auf der Grundlage der wahrscheinlichsten Variationen der einflussreichsten Eingangsparameter mit Hilfe einer Monte-Carlo-Simulation. Im Gegensatz zu bestehenden Modellierungsans{\"a}tzen liefert das Modell damit auch einen Bereich mit Wahrscheinlichkeitsb{\"a}ndern f{\"u}r den zuk{\"u}nftigen Endenergiebedarf. Die Ergebnisse des TREM-Modells zeigen, dass das Modell genauere Ergebnisse liefern kann als derzeitige Modelle mit einem Mittelwert der prozentualen Differenz niedriger als 5\% und einem Korrelationskoeffizienten r h{\"o}her als 0,35 und dar{\"u}ber hinaus dazu geeignet ist, ohne Anpassungen eine Prognose der Entwicklung des zuk{\"u}nftigen Endenergiebedarfs im Wohnungssektor f{\"u}r unterschiedliche L{\"a}nder zu erstellen.},
  subject      = {Energieverbrauch},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Hollberg,
  author    = {Hollberg, Alexander},
  title     = {A parametric method for building design optimization based on Life Cycle Assessment},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3800},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180928-38000},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {262},
  abstract  = {The building sector is responsible for a large share of human environmental impacts. Architects and planners are the key players for reducing the environmental impacts of buildings, as they define them to a large extent. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) allows for the holistic environmental analysis of a building. However, it is currently not employed to improve the environmental performance of buildings during the design process, although the potential for optimization is greatest there. One main reason is the lack of an adequate means of applying LCA in the architectural design process. As such, the main objective of this thesis is to develop a method for environmental building design optimization that is applicable in the design process. The key concept proposed in this thesis is to combine LCA with parametric design, because it proved to have a high potential for design optimization. The research approach includes the analysis of the characteristics of LCA for buildings and the architectural design stages to identify the research gap, the establishment of a requirement catalogue, the development of a method based on a digital, parametric model, and an evaluation of the method. An analysis of currently available approaches for LCA of buildings indicates that they are either holistic but very complex or simple but not holistic. Furthermore, none of them provide the opportunity for optimization in the architectural design process, which is the main research gap. The requirements derived from the analysis have been summarized in the form of a catalogue. This catalogue can be used to evaluate both existing approaches and potential methods developed in the future. In this thesis, it served as guideline for the development of the parametric method - Parametric Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA). The unique main feature of PLCA is that embodied and operational environmental impact are calculated together. In combination with the self-contained workflow of the method, this provides the basis for holistic, time-efficient environmental design optimization. The application of PLCA to three examples indicated that all established mandatory requirements are met. In all cases, environmental impact could be significantly reduced. In comparison to conventional approaches, PLCA was shown to be much more time-efficient. PLCA allows architects to focus on their main task of designing the building, and finally makes LCA practically useful as one of several criteria for design optimization. With PLCA, the building design can be time-efficiently optimized from the beginning of the most influential early design stages, which has not been possible until now. PLCA provides a good starting point for further research. In the future, it could be extended by integrating the social and economic aspects of sustainability.},
  subject      = {Bauentwurf},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Smirnova,
  author    = {Smirnova, Elena},
  title     = {"Kennst du das Land, wo bl{\"u}ht Oranienbaum?" - A Case Study on Strategic and Territorial Planning in St. Petersburg (Russia)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.3255},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170711-32556},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  abstract  = {The research examines the system of strategic and territorial planning of St. Petersburg focusing on Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) as its case study. The study provides the analysis of the planning documentation developed for the city in the post-Soviet period. In particular, it elaborates on the currently enforced Strategy of Economic and Social Development of St. Petersburg-2030 (2014) and the City General Plan (2005), discussing the aspects of their development and implementation, as well as complex interrelation. Thereby, peculiarities of the spatial development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration are also investigated, elaborating on the state policy on agglomerations, historic development of St. Petersburg and relations with the Leningrad Region, governance and imbalances of the St. Petersburg spatial development, including proposed development scenarios. Consequently, the study employs a highly indicative case of the Lomonosov town municipal unit aiming to illustrate the practical implementation of administrative, territorial and strategic policies in a given context within a system of the state planning adopted in St. Petersburg, in particular, taking into consideration recently proclaimed necessity for the transition to a polycentric city model following an innovative scenario for the socioeconomic and spatial development. In particular, Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) is explored egarding its current socio-economic situation and development scenarios: industrial site and cultural tourism. The Oranienbaum museum and nature-reserve is also thoroughly assessed with regard to its cultural tourism potential. Finally, the urban environment of Lomonosov (Oranienbaum) is comprehensively scrutinized in terms of its historic development, residential housing typology, UNESCO World Heritage preservation and local urban heritage. In conclusion, the data on Lomonosov present in the St. Petersburg strategic and territorial planning documents is provided.},
  subject      = {Lomonossow},
  language  = {en}
}