@phdthesis{Richter2009,
  author    = {Richter, Torsten},
  title     = {Konzepte f{\"u}r den Einsatz versionierter Objektmodelle im Bauwesen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1413},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20100115-14935},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Bauwerke sind in der Regel Unikate, f{\"u}r die meist eine komplette und aufw{\"a}ndige Neuplanung durchzuf{\"u}hren ist. Der Umfang und die Verschiedenartigkeit der einzelnen Planungsaufgaben bedingen ein paralleles Arbeiten der beteiligten Fachplaner. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist die Bauplanung ein kreativer und iterativer Prozess, der durch h{\"a}ufige {\"A}nderungen des Planungsmaterials und Abstimmungen zwischen den Fachplanern gekennzeichnet ist. Mithilfe von speziellen Fachanwendungen erstellen die Planungsbeteiligten verschiedene Datenmodelle, zwischen denen fachliche Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten bestehen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Konsistenz der einzelnen Fachmodelle eines Bauwerks sicherzustellen, indem Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten auf Basis von Objektversionen definiert werden. Voraussetzung daf{\"u}r ist, dass die Fachanwendungen nach dem etablierten Paradigma der objektorientierten Programmierung entwickelt wurden. Das sequentielle und parallele Arbeiten mehrerer Fachplaner wird auf Basis eines optimistischen Zugriffsmodells unterst{\"u}tzt, das ohne Schreibsperren auskommt. Weiterhin wird die Historie des Planungsmaterials gespeichert und die Definition von rechtsverbindlichen Freigabest{\"a}nden erm{\"o}glicht. Als Vorbild f{\"u}r die Systemarchitektur diente das Softwarekonfigurationsmanagement, dessen Versionierungsansatz meist auf einem Client-Server-Modell beruht. Die formale Beschreibung des verwendeten Ansatzes wird {\"u}ber die Mengenlehre und Relationenalgebra vorgenommen, so dass er allgemeing{\"u}ltig und technologieunabh{\"a}ngig ist. Auf Grundlage dieses Ansatzes werden Konzepte f{\"u}r den Einsatz versionierter Objektmodelle im Bauwesen erarbeitet und mit einer Pilotimplementierung basierend auf einer Open-Source-Ingenieurplattform an einem praxisnahen Szenario verifiziert. Beim Entwurf der Konzepte wird besonderer Wert auf die Handhabbarkeit der Umsetzung gelegt. Das betrifft im Besonderen die hierarchische Strukturierung des Projektmaterials, die ergonomische Gestaltung der Benutzerschnittstellen und der Erzielung von geringen Anwortzeiten. Diese Aspekte sind eine wichtige Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Effizienz und Akzeptanz von Software im praktischen Einsatz. Bestehende Fachanwendungen k{\"o}nnen durch geringen Entwicklungsaufwand einfach in die verteilte Umgebung integriert werden, ohne sie von Grund auf programmieren zu m{\"u}ssen.},
  subject      = {Computer Supported Cooperative Work},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{HauschildBorrmannHuebler2004,
  author    = {Hauschild, Thomas and Borrmann, Andr{\´e} and H{\"u}bler, Reinhard},
  title     = {Integration of Constraints into Digital Building Models for Cooperative Planning Processes},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.177},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1775},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The uniqueness and the long life cycle of buildings imply a dynamically modifiable building model. The technological foundation for the management of digital building models, a dynamic model management system (MMS), developed by our research group, allows to explicitly access and to modify the object model of the stored planning data. In this paper, the integration of constraints in digital building models will be shown. Constraints are conditions, which apply to the instances of domain model classes, and are defined by the user at runtime of the information system. For the expression of constraints, the Constraint Modelling Language (CML) has been developed and will be described in this paper. CML is a powerful, intuitively usable object-oriented language, which allows the expression of constraints at a high semantic level. A constrained-enabled MMS can verify, whether an instance fulfils the applying constraints. To ensure flexibility, the evaluation of constraints is not implicitly performed by the systems, but explicitly initiated by the user. A classification of constraint types and example usage scenarios are given.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{vanRooyenOlivier2004,
  author    = {van Rooyen, G.C. and Olivier, A. H.},
  title     = {Notes on structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.145},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1451},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The worldwide growth of communication networks and associated technologies provide the basic infrastructure for new ways of executing the engineering process. Collaboration amongst team members seperated in time and location is of particular importance. Two broad themes can be recognized in research pertaining to distributed collaboration. One theme focusses on the technical and technological aspects of distributed work, while the other emphasises human aspects thereof. The case of finite element structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory is examined in this paper. An approach is taken which has its roots in human aspects of the structural analysis task. Based on experience of how structural engineers currently approach and execute this task while utilising standard software designed for use on local workstations only, criteria are stated for a software architechture that could support collaborative structural analysis. Aspects of a pilot application and the results of qualitative performance measurements are discussed.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MilesJoitaBurnap2004,
  author    = {Miles, John and Joita, Liviu and Burnap, Peter},
  title     = {Collaborative Engineering: Virtual Teams in a Grid Environment Supporting Consortia in the Construction Industry},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.136},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1362},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In the AEC (Architecture / Engineering / Construction) industry a number of individuals and organisations collaborate and work jointly on a construction project. The resulting consortium has large pool of expertise and experience and can be defined as a Virtual Organisation (VO) formed for the duration of the project. VOs are electronically networked organisations where IT and web based communication technology play an important role in coordinating various activities of these organisations. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of a Grid enabled application called the Product Supplier Catalogue Database (PSCD) which supports collaborative working in consortia. As part of the Grid-enabling process, specialised metadata is being developed to enable PSCD to effectively utilise Grid middleware such as Globus and Java CoG toolkits. We also describe our experience whilst designing, developing and deploying the security service of the application using the Globus Security Interface (GSI).},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Olivier2004,
  author    = {Olivier, A. H.},
  title     = {An application-centred framework for distributed engineering applications},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.135},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1353},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The conceptual structure of an application that can support the structural analysis task in a distributed collaboratory is described in (van Rooyen and Olivier 2004). The application described there has a standalone component for executing the finite element method on a local workstation in the absence of network access. This application is comparable to current, local workstation based finite element packages. However, it differs fundamentally from standard packages since the application itself, and its objects, are adapted to support distributed execution of the analysis task. Basic aspects of an object-oriented framework for the development of applications which can be used in similar distributed collaboratories are described in this paper. An important feature of this framework is its application-centred design. This means that an application can contain any number of engineering models, where the models are formed by the collection of objects according to semantic views within the application. This is achieved through very flexible classes Application and Model, which are described in detail. The advantages of the application-centred design approach is demonstrated with reference to the design of steel structures, where the finite element analysis model, member design model and connection design model interact to provide the required functionality.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TonnWolkowiczThurow2004,
  author    = {Tonn, Christian and Wolkowicz, Christian and Thurow, Torsten},
  title     = {Plausibility in Architectural Design - DOMEdesign - Software Support for the formal shaping and architect-oriented design of shell structures},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.181},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1812},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Complex gridshell structures used in architecturally ambitious constructions remain as appealing as ever in the public realm. This paper describes the theory and approach behind the software realisation of a tool which helps in finding the affine self-weight geometry of gridshell structures. The software tool DOMEdesign supports the formal design process of lattice and grid shell structures based upon the laws of physics. The computer-aided simulation of suspension models is used to derive structurally favourable forms for domes and arches subject to compression load, based upon the input of simple architectonic parameters. Irregular plans, three-dimensional topography, a choice different kinds of shell lattice structures and the desired height of the dome are examples of design parameters which can be used to modify the architectural design. The provision of data export formats for structural dimensioning and visualisation software enables engineers and planners to use the data in future planning and to communicate the design to the client.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GebbekenBaumhauerIonita2004,
  author    = {Gebbeken, Norbert and Baumhauer, Andreas and Ionita, Mihai},
  title     = {Increasing the Reliability and Performance through Automatization and Parallel Working},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.139},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1397},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Re-examination of the behaviour of structures can be necessary due to deterioration or changes in the traffic situation during their lifetime. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used in order to accomplish numerical analysis. Considering the development of computer performance, more detailed FEM models can be analyzed, even on site, with mobile computers. To compensate the increasing amount of data needed for the model input, measures need to be taken to save time, by distributing the work. In order to provide consistency to the model, fedback data must be checked upon reception. A local wireless computer network of ultra-portable devices linked together with a computer can provide the coordination necessary for efficient parallel working. Based on a digital model consisting of all data gathered, structural modelling and numerical analysis are performed automatically. Thus, the user is released from the work that can be automatized and the time needed for the overall analysis of a structure is decreased.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ThurowDonath2004,
  author    = {Thurow, Torsten and Donath, Dirk},
  title     = {A vision of an adaptive geometry model for computer-assisted building surveying},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.172},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1722},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The paper describes a concept for the step-by-step computer-aided capture and representation of geometric building data in the context of planning-oriented building surveying. Selected aspects of the concept have been implemented and tested as prototypes. The process of step-by-step capture and representation is determined by the order in which the user experiences the building. Only the information that the user knows (can see) or can reasonably deduce is represented. In addition approaches to the flexible combination of different measuring techniques and geometric abstractions are described which are based upon geodetic computational adjustment.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{JianpingDongpingZhiliang2004,
  author    = {Jianping, Zhang and Dongping, Xiang and Zhiliang, Ma},
  title     = {A survey on application of information technologies in Chinese construction industry},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.171},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1717},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The construction industry is a supportive industry in China. IT (information technolgy), including computer technology and communication technology, as a whole is regarded as the most important means to upgrade the construction industry so that research projects were organized by Chinese government to further the application of IT in the construction industry. This study originated from one of the projects and is aimed at grasping the general situation on the application of IT in the construction industry. A questionnaire was designed for the survey, which used stratified proportional sampling method, and was carried out under the help of a government agency. This study can not only provide sound foundation for the government to make relative policies, but also reveal references for the firms in construction industry to apply IT in their business. This paper presents the preliminary result of the survey.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LehnerHartmann2004,
  author    = {Lehner, Karlheinz and Hartmann, Dietrich},
  title     = {Scenarios for the deployment of distributed engineering applications},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.147},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1476},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Although there are some good reasons to design engineering software as a stand-alone application for a single computer, there are also numerous possibilities for creating distributed engineering applications, in particular using the Internet. This paper presents some typical scenarios how engineering applications can benefit from including network capabilities. Also, some examples of Internet-based engineering applications are discussed to show how the concepts presented can be implemented.},
  subject      = {Ingenieurbau},
  language  = {en}
}