@techreport{KoenigTapiasKoenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Tapias, Estefania and K{\"o}nig, Gerhard},
  title     = {Digital Urban Simulation: Documentation of the teaching results from the fall semester 2014},
  organization    = {ETH Zurich},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2512},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25125},
  pages     = {102},
  abstract  = {Documentation of the teaching results from the fall semester 2014},
  subject      = {St{\"a}dtebau},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AndersKoenig,
  author    = {Anders, Frauke and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Analyse und Generierung von Straßennetzwerken mittels graphenbasierter Methoden},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1651},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20120509-16514},
  abstract  = {Der vorliegende Beitrag ist in zwei thematische Teilebereiche gegliedert. Der erste Teil besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Analyse von Graphen, insbesondere von Graphen, die Straßennetzwerke repr{\"a}sentieren. Hierzu werden Methoden aus der Graphentheorie angewendet und Kenngr{\"o}ßen aus der Space Syntax Methode ausgewertet. Ein Framework, welches basierend auf der Graphentheorie in Architektur und Stadtplanung Einzug gehalten hat, ist die Space Syntax Methode. Sie umfasst die Ableitung unterschiedlicher Kenngr{\"o}ßen eines Graphen bzw. Netzwerkes, wodurch eine Analyse f{\"u}r architektonische und stadtplanerische Zwecke erm{\"o}glicht wird. Der zweite Teil dieses Berichts besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Generierung von Graphen, insbe-sondere der von Straßennetzwerkgraphen. Die generativen Methoden basieren zum Teil auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen der Analyse von Straßennetzwerken. Es werden unterschiedliche Ans{\"a}tze untersucht, um verschiedene Parameterwerte zur Generierung von Straßengraphen festzulegen. Als Ergebnis der Arbeiten ist ein Softwaretool entstanden, welches es erlaubt, auf Grundlage einer Voronoi-Tesselierung realistische Straßennetzwerkgraphen zu erzeugen.},
  subject      = {Graph},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Koenig2011,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Generierung von Grundriss-Layouts mittels hybrider Evolutions-Strategie},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.806},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20110414-15425},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Der vorliegende Text beschreibt ein computerbasiertes Verfahren zur L{\"o}sung von Layout-problemen in Architektur und St{\"a}dtebau, welches mit m{\"o}glichst wenig Problemwissen auskommt und schnell brauchbare Ergebnisse liefert, die durch schrittweises Hinzuf{\"u}gen von Problemwissen interaktiv weiter ausgearbeitet werden k{\"o}nnen. F{\"u}r das generative Verfahren wurde eine Evolutions-Strategie verwendet, die mit Mechanismen zur Kollisionserkennung und virtuellen Federn zu einem hybriden Algorithmus kombiniert wurde. Dieser dient erstens der L{\"o}sung des Problems der Dichten Packung von Rechtecken sowie zweitens der Herstellung bestimmter topologischer Beziehungen zwischen diesen Rechtecken. Die Bearbeitung beider Probleme wird durch schrittweise Erweiterung grundlegender Verfahren untersucht, wobei die einzelnen Schritte anhand von Performancetests miteinander verglichen werden. Am Ende wird ein iterativer Algorithmus vorgestellt, der einerseits optimale L{\"o}sungen garantiert und andererseits diese L{\"o}sungen in einer f{\"u}r eine akzeptable Nutzerinteraktion ausreichenden Geschwindigkeit generiert.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {de}
}
@unpublished{KoenigMueller2011,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and M{\"u}ller, Daniela},
  title     = {Cellular-Automata-Based Simulation of the Settlement Development in Vienna},
  isbn      = {978-953-307-230-2},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1450},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20110415-15449},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The motivation to deal with the topic simulation of the settlement development in a city in the past 120 years has been to acquire general methods for the analysis and simulation of settlement development processes on the one hand and to verify these methods on the example of the real development of the city of Vienna on the other hand. We follow the assumption that the underlying processes of the urban development can be reduced to various pronounced but always the same hidden driving forces. The objective is to validate the simulation model by the real settlement development and to provide a solid base for the simulation of possible development scenarios of the city of Vienna. The basis for the validation are digital cellular processed and statistical analysed data of the development of the technical infrastructure, the public transportation systems and the population density in Vienna between 1888 and 2001. The simulation method is based on the technique of Cellular Automata (CA) that permits the simulation of the interaction between a potential field and the development of individual areas. This modelling technique is well known as "reaction diffusion" or "dialectic breakdown". The CA serves as representation of the examined space and divides this space into individual cells. Each of these cells can save certain information (population density, infrastructure facility, development quality) and exchange them locally with the neighbouring cells. The used model parameters permit the simulation of different spread patterns und spread speeds of a settlement structure. From the results methodological, structural, spatial and temporal regularities of urban development processes are derived.},
  subject      = {Computersimulation},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KnechtKoenig,
  author    = {Knecht, Katja and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Evolution{\"a}re Generierung von Grundriss-Layouts mithilfe von Unterteilungsalgorithmen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.1653},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20120509-16534},
  abstract  = {Das Unterteilen einer vorgegebenen Grundfl{\"a}che in Zonen und R{\"a}ume ist eine im Architekturentwurf h{\"a}ufig eingesetzte Methode zur Grundrissentwicklung. F{\"u}r deren Automatisierung k{\"o}nnen Unterteilungsalgorithmen betrachtet werden, die einen vorgegebenen, mehrdimensionalen Raum nach einer festgelegten Regel unterteilen. Neben dem Einsatz in der Computergrafik zur Polygondarstellung und im Floorplanning zur Optimierung von Platinen-, Chip- und Anlagenlayouts finden Unterteilungsalgorithmen zunehmend Anwendung bei der automatischen Generierung von Stadt- und Geb{\"a}udegrundrissen, insbesondere in Computerspielen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Kremlas wurde das gestalterische und generative Potential von Unterteilungsalgorithmen im Hinblick auf architektonische Fragestellungen und ihre Einsatzm{\"o}glichkeiten zur Entwicklung einer kreativen evolution{\"a}ren Entwurfsmethode zur L{\"o}sung von Layoutproblemen in Architektur und St{\"a}dtebau untersucht. Es entstand ein generativer Mechanismus, der eine Unterteilungsfolge zuf{\"a}llig erstellt und Grundrisse mit einer festgelegten Anzahl an R{\"a}umen mit bestimmter Raumgr{\"o}ße durch Unterteilung generiert. In Kombination mit evolution{\"a}ren Algorithmen lassen sich die erhaltenen Layoutl{\"o}sungen zudem hinsichtlich architektonisch relevanter Kriterien optimieren, f{\"u}r die im vorliegenden Fall Nachbarschaftsbeziehungen zwischen einzelnen R{\"a}umen betrachtet wurden.},
  subject      = {Unterteilungsalgorithmus},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KoehlerKoenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}hler, Hermann and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Aktionsr{\"a}ume in Dresden},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2672},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160822-26726},
  abstract  = {In vorliegender Studie werden die Aktionsr{\"a}ume von Befragten in Dresden {\"u}ber eine standardisierte Befragung (n=360) untersucht. Die den Aktionsr{\"a}umen zugrundeliegenden Aktivit{\"a}ten werden unterschieden in Einkaufen f{\"u}r den t{\"a}glichen Bedarf, Ausgehen (z.B. in Caf{\´e}, Kneipe, Gastst{\"a}tte), Erholung im Freien (z.B. spazieren gehen, Nutzung von Gr{\"u}nanlagen) und private Geselligkeit (z.B. Feiern, Besuch von Verwandten/Freunden). Der Aktionsradius wird unterschieden in Wohnviertel, Nachbarviertel und sonstiges weiteres Stadtgebiet. Um aus den vier betrachteten Aktivit{\"a}ten einen umfassenden Kennwert f{\"u}r den durchschnittlichen Aktionsradius eines Befragten zu bilden, wird ein Modell f{\"u}r den Kennwert eines Aktionsradius entwickelt. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass das Alter der Befragten einen signifikanten - wenn auch geringen - Einfluss auf den Aktionsradius hat. Das Haushaltsnettoeinkommen hat einen mit Einschr{\"a}nkung signifikanten, ebenfalls geringen Einfluss auf allt{\"a}gliche Aktivit{\"a}ten der Befragten.},
  subject      = {Aktionsraumforschung},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BauriedelDonathKoenig,
  author    = {Bauriedel, Christian and Donath, Dirk and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {COMPUTER-SUPPORTED SIMULATIONS FOR URBAN PLANNING},
  editor    = {G{\"u}rlebeck, Klaus and K{\"o}nke, Carsten},
  organization    = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2923},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29235},
  pages     = {10},
  abstract  = {The idea about a simulation program to support urban planning is explained: Four different, clearly defined developing paths can be calculated for the rebuilding of a shrinking town. Aided by self-organization principles, a complex system can be created. The dynamics based on the action patterns of single actors, whose behaviour is cyclically depends on the generated structure. Global influences, which control the development, can be divided at a spatial, socioeconomic, and organizational-juridical level. The simulation model should offer conclusions on new planning strategies, especially in the context of the creation process of rebuilding measures. An example of a transportation system is shown by means of prototypes for the visualisation of the dynamic development process.},
  subject      = {Architektur <Informatik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoenigTreyerSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Treyer, Lukas and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {Graphical smalltalk with my optimization system for urban planning tasks},
  series = {31st eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  booktitle = {31st eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  publisher = {TU Delft},
  address   = {Delft, Netherlands},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2517},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25171},
  pages     = {195 -- 203},
  abstract  = {Based on the description of a conceptual framework for the representation of planning problems on various scales, we introduce an evolutionary design optimization system. This system is exemplified by means of the generation of street networks with locally defined properties for centrality. We show three different scenarios for planning requirements and evaluate the resulting structures with respect to the requirements of our framework. Finally the potentials and challenges of the presented approach are discussed in detail.},
  subject      = {St{\"a}dtebau},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ChirkinKoenig,
  author    = {Chirkin, Artem and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Concept of Interactive Machine Learning in Urban Design Problems : proceedings},
  publisher = {ACM New York, NY, USA},
  address   = {San Jose, CA, USA},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2600},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26000},
  pages     = {10 -- 13},
  abstract  = {This work presents a concept of interactive machine learning in a human design process. An urban design problem is viewed as a multiple-criteria optimization problem. The outlined feature of an urban design problem is the dependence of a design goal on a context of the problem. We model the design goal as a randomized fitness measure that depends on the context. In terms of multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), the defined measure corresponds to a subjective expected utility of a user. In the first stage of the proposed approach we let the algorithm explore a design space using clustering techniques. The second stage is an interactive design loop; the user makes a proposal, then the program optimizes it, gets the user's feedback and returns back the control over the application interface.},
  subject      = {Stadtgestaltung},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoenigMueller,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and M{\"u}ller, Daniela},
  title     = {Simulating the development of residential areas of the city of Vienna from 1888 to 2001},
  series = {Compendium of Abstracts of the 8th International Conference on Urban Planning and Environment (UPE8)},
  booktitle = {Compendium of Abstracts of the 8th International Conference on Urban Planning and Environment (UPE8)},
  address   = {Kaiserslautern, Germany},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2606},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26066},
  pages     = {23},
  abstract  = {The structure and development of cities can be seen and evaluated from different points of view. By replicating the growth or shrinkage of a city using historical maps depicting different time states, we can obtain momentary snapshots of the dynamic mechanisms of the city. An examination of how these snapshots change over the course of time and a comparison of the different static time states reveals the various interdependencies of population density, technical infrastructure and the availability of public transport facilities. Urban infrastructure and facilities are not distributed evenly across the city - rather they are subject to different patterns and speeds of spread over the course of time and follow different spatial and temporal regularities. The reasons and underlying processes that cause the transition from one state to another result from the same recurring but varyingly pronounced hidden forces and their complex interactions. Such forces encompass a variety of economic, social, cultural and ecological conditions whose respective weighting defines the development of a city in general. Urban development is, however, not solely a product of the different spatial distribution of economic, legal or social indicators but also of the distribution of infrastructure. But to what extent is the development of a city affected by the changing provision of infrastructure? As},
  subject      = {Simulation},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TreyerKleinKoenigetal.,
  author    = {Treyer, Lukas and Klein, Bernhard and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Meixner, Christine},
  title     = {Lightweight urban computation interchange (LUCI) system},
  series = {Proceedings},
  booktitle = {Proceedings},
  publisher = {FOSS4G},
  address   = {Seoul, South Korea},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2598},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-25982},
  pages     = {12},
  abstract  = {In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of a calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HijaziHusseinKoenig,
  author    = {Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi and Hussein, M. H. and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Enabling geo-design: Evaluating the capacity of 3D city model to support thermal design in building},
  series = {9th 3DGeoInfo Conference},
  booktitle = {9th 3DGeoInfo Conference},
  address   = {Dubai, UAE},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2508},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25089},
  pages     = {4},
  abstract  = {Enabling geo-design: Evaluating the capacity of 3D city model to support thermal design in building},
  subject      = {Informatik},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{KoenigTapiasSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Tapias, Estefania and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation: Documentation of teaching results from the spring semester 2015},
  organization    = {ETH Zurich},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2505},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25052},
  pages     = {76},
  abstract  = {Documentation of teaching results from the spring semester 2015 at the chair of Information Architecture at ETH Zurich},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {CPlan: An Open Source Library for Computational Analysis and Synthesis},
  series = {33rd eCAADe Conference},
  booktitle = {33rd eCAADe Conference},
  editor    = {Martens, Bob and Wurzer, G, Gabriel and Grasl, Tomas and Lorenz, Wolfgang and Schaffranek, Richard},
  publisher = {Vienna University of Technology},
  address   = {Vienna},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2503},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160118-25037},
  pages     = {245 -- 250},
  abstract  = {Some caad packages offer additional support for the optimization of spatial configurations, but the possibilities for applying optimization are usually limited either by the complexity of the data model or by the constraints of the underlying caad system. Since we missed a system that allows to experiment with optimization techniques for the synthesis of spatial configurations, we developed a collection of methods over the past years. This collection is now combined in the presented open source library for computational planning synthesis, called CPlan. The aim of the library is to provide an easy to use programming framework with a flat learning curve for people with basic programming knowledge. It offers an extensible structure that allows to add new customized parts for various purposes. In this paper the existing functionality of the CPlan library is described.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KnechtKoenig,
  author    = {Knecht, Katja and K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Automatische Grundst{\"u}cksumlegung mithilfe von Unterteilungsalgorithmen und typenbasierte Generierung von Stadtstrukturen},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2673},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160822-26730},
  abstract  = {Dieses Arbeitspapier beschreibt, wie ausgehend von einem vorhandenen Straßennetzwerk Bebauungsareale mithilfe von Unterteilungsalgorithmen automatisch umgelegt, d.h. in Grundst{\"u}cke unterteilt, und anschließend auf Basis verschiedener st{\"a}dtebaulicher Typen bebaut werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Unterteilung von Bebauungsarealen und die Generierung von Bebauungsstrukturen unterliegen dabei bestimmten stadtplanerischen Einschr{\"a}nkungen, Vorgaben und Parametern. Ziel ist es aus den dargestellten Untersuchungen heraus ein Vorschlagssystem f{\"u}r stadtplanerische Entw{\"u}rfe zu entwickeln, das anhand der Umsetzung eines ersten Softwareprototyps zur Generierung von Stadtstrukturen weiter diskutiert wird.},
  subject      = {Automatisierung},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{KoenigTapiasSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Tapias, Estefania and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation: Documentation of teaching results from the autumn semester 2013},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2516},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25168},
  pages     = {60},
  abstract  = {Documentation of teaching results from the autumn semester 2013 at ETH Zurich},
  subject      = {St{\"a}dtebau},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Koenig,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard},
  title     = {Computers in the design phase - Ten thesis on their uselessness},
  series = {Der Generalist},
  journal   = {Der Generalist},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2607},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26075},
  abstract  = {At the end of the 1960s, architects at various universities world- wide began to explore the potential of computer technology for their profession. With the decline in prices for PCs in the 1990s and the development of various computer-aided architectural design systems (CAAD), the use of such systems in architectural and planning offices grew continuously. Because today no ar- chitectural office manages without a costly CAAD system and because intensive soſtware training has become an integral part of a university education, the question arises about what influence the various computer systems have had on the design process forming the core of architectural practice. The text at hand devel- ops ten theses about why there has been no success to this day in introducing computers such that new qualitative possibilities for design result. RESTRICTEDNESS},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{KoenigTapiasSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Tapias, Estefania and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation: Documentation of the teaching results from the spring semester 2014},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2515},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25154},
  pages     = {62},
  abstract  = {Documentation of the teaching results from the spring semester 2014 at ETH Zurich},
  subject      = {St{\"a}dtebau},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigStandfestSchmitt,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Standfest, Matthias and Schmitt, Gerhard},
  title     = {Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization for building layout planning: Exemplary application based on the PSSA framework},
  series = {32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  journal   = {32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2},
  editor    = {Thompson, Emine Mine},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2513},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160121-25139},
  pages     = {567 -- 574},
  abstract  = {When working on urban planning projects there are usually multiple aspects to consider. Often these aspects are contradictory and it is not possible to choose one over the other; instead, they each need to be fulfilled as well as possible. Planners typically draw on past experience when subjectively prioritising which aspects to consider with which degree of importance for their planning concepts. This practice, although understandable, places power and authority in the hands of people who have varying degrees of expertise, which means that the best possible solution is not always found, because it is either not sought or the problem is regarded as being too complex for human capabilities. To improve this situation, the project presented here shows the potential of multi-criteria optimisation algorithms using the example of a new housing layout for an urban block. In addition it is shown, how Self-Organizing-Maps can be used to visualise multi-dimensional solution spaces in an easy analysable and comprehensible form.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigKnecht,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Reinhard and Knecht, Katja},
  title     = {Comparing two evolutionary algorithm based methods for layout generation: Dense packing versus subdivision},
  series = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing},
  journal   = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing},
  pages     = {285 -- 299},
  abstract  = {We present and compare two evolutionary algorithm based methods for rectangular architectural layout generation: dense packing and subdivision algorithms.We analyze the characteristics of the two methods on the basis of three floor plan sce- narios. Our analyses include the speed with which solutions are generated, the reliability with which optimal solutions can be found, and the number of different solutions that can be found overall. In a following step, we discuss the methods with respect to their different user interaction capabilities. In addition, we show that each method has the capability to generate more complex L-shaped layouts. Finally,we conclude that neither of the methods is superior but that each of them is suitable for use in distinct application scenarios because of its different properties.},
  subject      = {Architektur},
  language  = {en}
}